Transcript IDGCC technology outline development status exploration

Gasification Technology for Brown Coal
Power Generation
Terry Johnson
HRL Developments Pty Ltd
APP Brown Coal Best Practice Workshop
Melbourne, June 2008
1
Issues for Brown Coal Power
• Brown coal in Latrobe Valley:
–
–
–
–
Large resource (>100,000 Mt)
Low level of impurities (ash <4%, sulphur <0.5%)
Low cost (<$0.60 per GJ)
Low emissions of pollutants (NOx, SOx, trace elements)
• BUT
– High moisture content (60+%), leads to
– Low efficiency, down by ~20% c.f. black coal
– High CO2 emissions, up by ~20% c.f. black coal
• Hence need for new lower CO2 emissions
technologies such as gasification combined
cycle
2
Current Latrobe Valley Steam Cycle Technology
Energy used to evaporate coal moisture is
lost as steam in the flue gas  chimney.
3
Efficiency Improvement - Drying
Efficient coal pre-drying - reduced moisture gives
higher efficiency and lower CO2
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
Efficiency
CO2 kg/kWh
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
5
20
35
50
Coal Moisture Content, % wb
65
4
Types of Coal Gasifiers
•
Fluidised bed: suitable for high reactivity coals - operates at low
temperature (800-900 degC), dry ash removal, can be air blown
•
Entrained flow: suitable for lower reactivity coals - operates at high
temperature, molten ash removal, usually O2 blown
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IDGCC – Future for Brown Coal
• IDGCC is a technology that supports the future of
brown coal in a carbon-constrained world:
– Increased efficiency and 30% lower CO2 emissions than
current best Latrobe Valley
– Lower cost of electricity production
– Lower water consumption, 50% of steam cycle plant
– Potential for v. low CO2 emissions using CCS, at lower cost
than other technologies
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IDGCC Technology
Integrated Drying Gasification Combined Cycle (IDGCC)
• Coal is dried using direct contact with hot gas
• Dried coal is converted to hot combustible gas in a
fluidised bed gasifier
• Hot gas is cooled by the coal drying step
• Gas is cleaned, burned in a gas turbine producing power
• Hot exhaust gas from gas turbine used in boiler to produce
steam
• Steam used in a steam turbine to produce extra power
• Gas turbine plus steam turbine - combined cycle
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IDGCC Process
COOLED GAS
AND GAS COOLING
CYCLONE
NITROGEN
COMBUSTOR
DUST
FILTER
COAL
PRESSURISATION
LOCKHOPPER
STEAM
STEAM
TURBINE
ALTERNATOR
TURBINE
AIR
DRIED
ASH/ CHAR
COAL
COMPRESSOR
AIR
BUFFER / WEIGHING
HOPPER
TO STACK
CLEANED
GAS
BOILER
COAL DRYING
CONDENSER
WATER PUMP
EXHAUST GASES
AIR
STEAM
TURBINE
CO2
ASH/ CHAR
HEAT
HOT GAS
GAS
TURBINE
DRYER
GASIFIER
RECOVERY
CLEANING
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Development of IDGCC Technology
TGA (1990)
CGDU (1992)
Reactivity tests
Dry coal gasification,
gas flared
CGDF (1996)
Wet coal gasification and
power generation
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IDGCC Proven at
10-MW Scale
• Wet coal drying,
gasification and
power generation
• Power sent to grid
• 10-MW scale
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Advantages of IDGCC Technology
• Particularly suited to reactive, wet coals
• Cost reductions of around 30% on boiler technology, wet
coals
• Efficiency at around 40% HHV (from gas turbine/steam
turbine) compared with 33% for supercritical boiler plant
• Significant reduction in CO2 emissions around 30%
compared with current best Latrobe Valley boiler plant
• Savings on water - IDGCC uses only 50% of usual cooling
water levels of boiler plant
• Suitable for pre-combustion CO2 capture for lower CO2
emissions in future
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CO2 Emissions
1.60
1.40
CO2 Emissions, t/MWh sent out
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
Hazelwood
Yallourn
Loy Yang A
Brown Coal
Supercritical
Black Coal
Supercritical
Proposed
IDGCC
IDGCC w. CO2
Capture
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Water Consumption
Cooling Water Consumption Rates of Latrobe Valley Power Stations
Cooling Water Consumption Rate, t/MWh sent out
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
Hazelwood
Yallourn
Loy Yang A
Proposed IDGCC
Proposed IDGCC
with Dry Cooling
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Costs including CO2 Capture
Indicative Cost of Electricity for Different Technologies
140.00
Range for Nuclear Cost
Extra cost due to CO2 Capture
120.00
LRMC
Electricity cost, $/MWh
100.00
80.00
60.00
40.00
20.00
0.00
IDGCC
Brown Coal SC
Black Coal SC
IGCC
Natural Gas
Nuclear
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IDGCC Next Steps
500 MW IDGCC Demonstration Project
2 gasifiers supplying Gas Turbine Combined Cycle
Proposed location Latrobe Valley
Gasifier
COAL
Gasifier
500
MW
GTCC
NATURAL GAS
Start- up & supplementary fuel
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500 MW IDGCC Demonstration Project Structure
•
Funding will be a mix of equity, debt and government
support
•
State Government grant ($50M) announced November
2006
•
Federal Government grant ($100M) announced March
2007
•
HRL and Harbin Group in Joint Venture
– Harbin to be EPC Contractor
– Will engage local constructor for site erection
•
Planned start of operation early 2012
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500 MW Project Outcomes
• Provide 500 MW combined cycle power into Grid
• Demonstrate 500 MW IDGCC power at Greenhouse Intensity
of about 0.8 tCO2/MWh
• Confirm low fuel use, low water consumption compared to
current LV power plant
• Prove scale up for commercial operation of IDGCC
• Provide the platform for commercial deployment of low
greenhouse power at cost of about $39/MWh
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CO2 Capture
• IDGCC is suitable for pre-combustion CO2 capture with
systems already used commercially in other industries
• Additional cost is high ~45% increase in capex
• Penalty on power output ~10%
• Cost of CO2 capture lower for IDGCC than other power
technologies
• Working with CO2CRC to evaluate improved solvent
systems more suited to IDGCC, with support from Victorian
ETIS program
• HRL’s aim is to move towards near-zero CO2 from IDGCC in
future with CCS (believe we can get CO2 emissions down
close to 0.2 t/MWh)
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