Transcript Slide 1

Institute of Education
Learning Technologies Unit
18th January 2006
London
Designing an Effective
Organisational Infrastructure
Jim Petch – Co Director eLRC
eLRC Manchester Position
• E-Learning is a driver……for…
• Organisational change driven by need to
industrialise
• Redesign of teaching and learning
provision
Organisational Change
• The commercial sector is experiencing
radical and far reaching changes in
thinking about how enterprises are run and
how the challenges of technology-led
business operations can be met
• The emerging requirements point to an
end-to-end view of business processes
and to a service view of what an
organisation offers.
Organisational Change
• To achieve these qualities the enterprise
needs a certain approach, and informed
thinking indicates a service-oriented,
component-based architecture
Organisational Change
• The IT strategy should be aligned with
the business strategy neither bolted on
to it nor driving it. A service-oriented,
business requirements driven
approach ensures greater alliance
between IT and the business.
Object Management Group
• Main Ideas
– MDA Model driven approach
– SOA Service Oriented Architectures
• To which we add the idea of
– QoS Quality of Service Framework
• To which we add the idea of
– maturity (CMM model) and
benchmarking (eMM)
Model Driven Architecture
The eLearning Lifecycle
Phases (time)
Practices (activities)
Inception
Elaboration Construction
time
Transition
Organisation along Time
Practices
Phases
Inception
Organisation along Content
1.
Business Modelling
2.
Business Analysis and
Planning
3.
Requirements Analysis
4.
Activity Planning
5.
Project Management
6.
Change Management
7.
Design
8.
Development
9.
Deployment
10.
Evaluation
11.
Testing
12.
Teaching
13.
Learning
14.
Environmental Refinement
15.
Staff Development
16.
Research
initial
Elaboration
elab
#1
elab
#2
Construction
cons
#1
cons
#2
cons
#n
Transition
trans
#1
trans
#2
The Lifecycle and Linked Processes
In order to control the lifecycle one has to build into
the model the things that influence and change it.
Modelling the response
to changes arising from
the influence of the
linked processes
This kind of domain model (or enterprise metamodel) acts
as a blueprint for modelling a specific enterprise.
End-to-End Process Model
Reminder!!
• NB the models are of technologies,
artefacts, people, ….
• NOT technology alone!!
Layered Architecture for SOA in
e-Learning
COVARM: The Manchester Validation
Process
High level alignment of processes
Canonical Models
• Moving from use cases to models of use
to synthesised models to canonical
models
• 2 approaches
– Empirical modelling
– Cross domain mapping
Checklists and Cross Domain
Mapping
• Checklists provide fullest available
articulation of processes
• Extensive checklists are readily available
• Examples later
Growing the World of Web ‘Service’
Components
• JISC Reference Model Projects
– LADIE – activity design
– FREMA – assessment
– COVARM – Course validation
– eP4LL – e portfolio
– XCRI – exchanging course information
marketing
Course validation
recruitment
Course info.
registration
planning
design
production
Activity design
Delivery
Assessment
E-portfolios
Student record
Key Issues about the map
• They map is defined by the reference
model components not by a higher
principle
• The reference models are not joined up
• What is this a map of? An enterprise?
Some Uncomfortable assumptions
• Reference models are developed using a
common method and with common tools
• There is an agreed level of granularity
• There is a map that is known
• It is a map of the enterprise
Service Oriented Architectures
Profile
eLearning Services
Student
Assessment
ePortfolio
Validation
Learning Activity
Course Information
QoS Framework Services
Wizard
Checklist
Agent
General Purpose Services
Personal Folder
Registration
Workflow
Directory Services
Authentication
Process Director
Schedule
VLE
Pattern
Event
Archive
XML manager
Contract
Mechanisms and Utilities
Repository
Mentor
IDE
Legacy Adapter
Data Warehouse
Execution Environment and Data Management
Structured Data
Operating System
Unstructured Data
QoS Framework Application Architecture
DL
DL
DL
Reuse
DL
DL
DL
DL
DL
DL
QF
DL
DL
QF
QF
QF
QF
QF
QF
QF
GP
GP
GP
MU
MU
MU
EE
MU
GP
MU
MU
EE
EE
QF
Service A
GP
GP
QF
QF
QF
Service B
GP
QF
DL
GP
GP
GP
GP
MU
MU
EE
GP
MU
Deployment
toEE
different
platforms
Services composed of components from the framework
Autonomous Business Components and Services
Business components
Service
Unit
Student
Record
Course
VLE
But how?
• Moving to a new enterprise architecture is a process
affecting organisational as well as technical aspects.
• The new roles, concepts and techniques may form a
barrier to successful transition and it is necessary to
help people adopt and use the architecture by
providing a framework of guidelines, best practices,
templates and tools.
• These are actively integrated into the work
processes rather than being merely reference
documents.
• The Framework is essentially a quality assurance
tool that addresses the end-to-end business
processes, their context, requirements and
implementation.
• The Framework must provide a
coherent set of mechanisms by which
business requirements are modelled,
their logic is turned into a flow of
activities, which is then executed by a
set of components, and their
performance is monitored and
evaluated.
The QoS Framework Elements
•
•
•
•
•
QA mechanisms
Metadata builders
Models and Patterns
Standards
Guidelines and Best Practice
Process Driven Knowledgebase
PDK: Planning Student Support
Adding Idea of Bridging Principles
Maturity and Bechmarking
Capability Maturity Model- eMM
Level 5: Optimising
Process change management
Technology change management
Defect prevention
Continuously
improving
processes
Level 4: Managed
Predictable
processes
Software quality management
Quantitative process management
Level 3: Defined
Peer reviews
Integration co-ordination
Software product engineering
Integrated software management
Training program
Organisation process definition
Organisation process focus
Standard,
consistent
processes
Level 2: Repeatable
Software configuration management
Software quality assurance
Software subcontract management
Software project tracking and oversight
Software project planning
Requirements management
Disciplined
processes
Level 1: Initial
Capability Maturity Model- eMM
Capability Maturity Model- eMM
Capability Maturity Model- eMM
Benchmarking - Strategic Objective
• A driver for joined-up design of
organisations
• Focus on metrics
• Focus on ‘evaluation systems’ – that is
systems that are designed for change- that
is learning organisations
So what?
The Concept Gap
•
•
•
•
Getting people to understand
Communicating
Aligning
Sharing process and therefore knowledge
and power
The Strategy Gap
• Where to go?
• From which place?
• How to get there?
The Implementation Gap