Transcript THE ARMY COGNITIVE READINESS ASSESSMENT SYSTEM …

THE ARMY COGNITIVE READNESS
ASSESSMENT (ACRA) SYSTEM –
A NEUROERGONOMIC APPROACH
Robert D. O’Donnell, Ph.D.
Col. USAF (Ret.)
NTI, Inc.
Fairborn, Ohio
www.NTIINC.com
CURRENT STATE OF THE ART IN
NEUROCOGNITIVE ASSESSMENT
BATTERIES
Concept:
Standardized probes usually all administered in a fixed
sequence
Examples:
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Criterion Task Set (AF)
UTCPAB (Tri-service)
MTB (NASA)
STRES Battery (NATO)
CANTAB (Canada)
ANAM (Commercial)
EVOLUTION OF THE
ACRA “NEUROERGONOMIC” APPROACH
ONR (Susan Chipman) - 2001
A “next generation approach” to cognitive testing
DARPA (Brett Giroir) - 2004
Enhance field-usable interpretability of tests
NASA (Lauren Leveton) - 2007
Incorporate prediction, diagnostic, and prescriptive capabilities for long-duration missions
ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY (Linda Fatkin, Pam Burton, Katrina May) – 2003 2011
Expand tests and incorporate physiological measures – the neuroergonomic approach…
“… the study of the human brain in relation to performance at work and in
everyday settings.”
(Parasuraman, 2011. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(3).81-186)
WHAT IS ACRA?
• Neurocognitvely-based assessment system that:
• Customizes test batteries to any job or mission
• Estimates the individual’s cognitive readiness to successfully
complete the mission
• Projects person’s future cognitive readiness based on sleep and
workload history
• www.NTIINC.com
HOW TO MAKE TEST BATTERIES MORE
RELEVANT TO SPECIFIC JOBS -
“THE TEST BATTERY GENERATOR”
1. CREATE AN “ARMORY” OF TESTS
2. GENERATE ‘MISSION-CUSTOMIZED” TEST
BATTERIES
THE ACRA TEST BATTERY GENERATOR
1. CREATE AN “ARMORY” OF TESTS
• Define a “comprehensive” taxonomy of cognitive functions or
skills
•
Ref.: O’Donnell, Moise, and Schmidt (2005). Aviation, Space, and
Environmental Medicine, 76(7), C24-C30.
• Select tests that probe those skills
SELECTION OF THE TEST “ARMORY”
Tests currently in ACRA:
1. CONTINUOUS MEMORY
3. NOVASCAN C
5. TRACKING - UNSTABLE
7. TOWER OF HANOI
9. PERIPHERAL INFO PROCESSING
11. VISUAL VIGILANCE
13. RELATIVE MOTION
2. MOTION INFERENCE
4. RAPID DECISION MAKING
6. MANIKIN
8. DICHOTIC LISTENING
10. PROCEDURAL MEMORY
12. WISCONSIN CARD SORTING
Additional tests currently available
14. Digit span
16. Math processing
18. Sternberg (Symbols)
20. Tracking (Pursuit)
15. Match to sample
17. Sternberg (Letters)
19. Stroop test
21. Precision timing
Physiological procedures currently in development
22. Actigraphy (activity, HR variability, temperature)
23. Ocular measures
24. Amylase
THE ACRA TEST BATTERY GENERATOR
GOAL:
GENERATE “MISSION-CUSTOMIZED”
TEST BATTERIES
AUTOMATICALLY SELECT A SET OF TESTS THAT
OPTIMALLY PROBES THE COGNITIVE DEMANDS
OF A SPECIFIC JOB OR MISSION
THE ACRA TEST BATTERY GENERATOR
DEFINE THE COGNITIVE DEMANDS OF THE MISSION
Involve operational user in battery development
• Subject-matter-experts
• Training manuals
• Task analyses
THE ACRA TEST BATTERY GENERATOR
GOAL:
AUTOMATICALLY SELECT AND CONFIGURE
OPTIMAL TEST BATTERIES FOR SPECIFIC MISSIONS
APPROACH:
THE “T-MATRIX”
WHAT THE ARMORY
TESTS MEASURE
T-MATRIX
WHAT THE MISSION
DEMANDS
OPTIMIZATION
ALGORITM SELECTS
AND CONFIGURES
BEST BATTERY FOR
THE MISSION
TEST INTERPRETATION
• Goal:
Make the output of test batteries more
OPERATIONALLY MEANINGFUL
OPERATIONAL INTERPRETATION OF ACRA
THE PERSON-SYSTEM-MISSION (PSM) MODEL
Person
impact
ACRA
BATTERY
RESULTS
System/Mission Operational
Cognitive
skill 1
Skill 1
demand
Cognitive
skill 2
Skill 2
demand
Cognitive
skill 3
Skill 3
demand
Cognitive
skill 4
Skill 4
demand
Cognitive
skill “N”
Skill “N”
demand
Overall
cognitive
capacity to
carry out
mission
PSM OPERATIONAL FEEDBACK
Capacity for cognitive demands of “clear and
secure” mission
PLAN
100%
90%
80%
INHIBIT
TARGET
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
COMM.
ADAPT
0%
RESPOND
ANTICIPATE
CONTROL
PERSON-SYSTEM-MISSION (PSM) INDEX
FINAL OUTPUT
The overall cognitive capacity of the person to carry out
mission “X” is a function of:
Cognitive capacity in each skill and
the “criticality” of that skill to mission “x”
Yields a single number indicating the person’s
current cognitive status for the mission.
ADDING PREDICTION, DIAGNOSIS,
AND REMEDIATION
GOAL:
Add a TEMPORAL COMPONENT to the model
APPROACH:
Incorporate SLEEP and WORKLOAD models
into PSM
Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool
WORKLOAD/PERFORMANCE MODEL
SUMMARY
THE ACRA SYSTEM APPROACH EXPANDS CURRENT COGNITIVE
READINESS TESTING THROUGH:
• 1.
Tailored batteries for different jobs/missions
• 2.
Test interpretation in operational terms
• 3.
Modeling of future changes in cognitive
readiness