Transcript A Review of Mission Period Archaeology in Spanish Florida
Mission Period Archaeology in Spanish Florida
Rochelle A. Marrinan Department of Anthropology Florida State University Tallahassee, Florida 32306-7772 Presented at the PANHANDLE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF TALLAHASSEE 2008
Spanish Borderlands Missions Chronology
Florida – 1565 – 1572 (Jesuits)
Florida – beginning in 1573 (Franciscans)
New Mexico – 1598, 1615
Arizona -- 1598, 1615
Texas -- 1718
California – Alta 1769
Missions in Spanish Florida -- ca. 1675
Mission Period Archaeological Projects in Spanish Florida (1980-2008)
Santa Catalina de Guale David Hurst Thomas Mission San Luis Shapiro, McEwan Tama Smith Patale, O’Connell Marrinan, FSU Santa Fe Milanich Johnson Fig Springs Weisman Milanich, Saunders Amelia Island Milanich, Saunders
The Mission Romanticized
Topics for Consideration
Indigenous population
Site identification
Settlement plan
Mission features
Chronology
Material culture
Ethnicity
Daily life
Indigenous Population
Settlement pattern during the Apalachee Mission period (1633-1704) is believed to be a dispersed pattern with a number of farmsteads allied to an individual mission
Friars in doctrinas had responsibility for a number of outlying villages called visitas
Archaeology in mission sites has not represented the indigenous people as much as it has the friars
Site Identification
Minimally, the archaeological location of a mission establishment composed of church (or chapel), convento (friar’s residence), and possibly a third structure for cooking and other household activities
Associated cemetery, indigenous public and domestic structures, warehouse, school, ball field, plaza
Missions are large, complex sites (Mission San Luis, Artist’s Reconstruction)
Mission Santa Catalina de Guale on Amelia Island Idealized Settlement Organization (Late Seventeenth Century)
Settlement Patterns
Isleta Pueblo, New Mexico Tumacacori, Arizona Yucatán, Mexico
Franciscan Mission Plan, New Mexico Church Church Convento
Gran Quivira, Salinas Mission
Florida Mission Church Reconstruction
Mission Features
Church with subfloor burials Convento: in Florida, detached from church; sometimes connected by covered way to third structure (possible cocina) Cocina: “kitchen” or multipurpose domestic building Plaza Principal indigenous structure: Council house or other structure Domestic indigenous structures Warehouse School
O’Connell Mission Site, Magnetometer Survey Feature 116 Feature 118
O’Connell Mission Site (8Le157), Church Area
Excavation Plan as of 2000
Mission Patale (8Le152) Architectural Features in the Northeast Yard “Common Plan” House Floor over Dismantled Earlier Circular Structure
Establishing Chronology Glass Trade Beads with known date ranges Iberian-derived majolicas of Old World and New World Origin Indigenous ceramics: incised and complicated Stamped varieties, and Colonowares
Material Culture Indigenous Wares European-derived ceramics, metals, glass beads Datable ceramics Religious accouterments
Ethnicity
In Apalachee, 1633-1634 beginnings – Apalachees
Some of the later groups living in Apalachee Province
– – – – – –
Chines – before 1675 Pacaras (Caparas) -- before 1675 Tamas -- before 1675 Amacanos -- before 1674 Yamassees -- before 1675) Chacato (Chatot) – after 1675
From Hann 1988
Daily Life
Traditional Lifeways Hispanization
Excavation Area
Mission Period Archaeology Excavations at the O’Connell Mission Site (8Le157)
Processing the Overburden Artifact Drying Excavation Overview
Current problems
Urban/suburban development
Funding
Need for long term, broad-scale projects
Proto-historic period archaeology