Applets as didactical tools for the learning of algebra

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Transcript Applets as didactical tools for the learning of algebra

Applets as didactical tools for the
learning of algebra
Sonia Palha
Freudenthal Institute
The Netherlands
From: "Familie Boersma" <[email protected]>
To: <[email protected]>
Subject: Vraagje!
Date: Thu, 10 Jul 2003 19:06:18 +0200
Beste mensen,
ik en mijn ouders hebben een vraag.
ik heb een taak voor wiskunde (ik moet in de vakantie werken aan wiskunde).
maar we kwamen ergens niet uit.
stel je hebt een stuk grond met een oppevlakte van 600m²
de lengte is 10 meter langer dan de breedte.
dan krijg je de formule
X · (X+10) = 600
of
X² + 10X = 600
Area 600 m2 and length is 10 m more
than width
Nu weet ik (uit mijn hoofd) dat X 20 moet zijn.
Want 20 · 30 = 600
Maar hoe kan je dit uitrekenen.
Alvast Bedankt,
So X(X+10) = 600
I know by heart that X=20 because
20X30 = 600
Tjeerd Boersma
But.. How can you calculate this?
Overview for today
•
Some things about the Welp-project
•
Algebra with applets
•
Discussion
Applets
small computer programs running over the internet
• Dynamic, interactive, friendly interface
• Supplied with instructional materials
• Different uses in school practice:
– applying knowledge,
– concept construction,
– help tool,
– practice basic skills,
– assessment,…
Welp
2002-2004
• Implementation in grades 8 and 9
(13-14 years old)
• With an eye on
Longterm Curriculum change of Algebra
• Using Area-model and GEOM2D-applet as a broad basis for
– Building/exploring the formula-area relation
– Variation of exercises
– Structure and dynamics of the formulas
Geometric algebra 2D
Go to the english version of the website
www.wisweb.nl .
Choose applets from the menu and look for the
applet Geometric algebra 2D.
When you start this one you will see a screen like the
one shown here.
You get a rectangle bij dragging the
arrows to the screen and put them
together as in the figure below.
Task
Calculate 4 times x with the applet. Which expression do you get?
Make a rectangle with area 7y. What are the lengths of the sides?
WELP – student material, december 2002
Task
A rectangle with area 24 can have
different shapes. Make some of
them with the applet and
investigate which one has the
biggest perimeter and which one
has the smallest.
Some possibilities:
WELP – student material, december 2002
Task
The two rectangles below have areas: 12x and 20.
a)
Build these two rectangles with the applet and try to make it
only one rectangle. What will be the length and height of the
new rectangle?
b)
Someone says
'a rectangle with area 4 + 16y has the same size as one with
area 2(2+8y) and also the same size as one with area
4(1+4y)’
Do you agree? Explain your answer.
WELP – student material, december 2002
Task
Solution:
a) Build a rectangle with length
x + 5 and height x + 4.
What is the expression for the
area?
b) With the option
‘split’and’release’you can make
four rectangles. What are the
areas of these four rectangles?
c) Complete
(x+4)(x+5) = …..+…..+…...
expression
WELP – student material, december 2002
Task
Is it possible to design a rectangle for every expression
below? Investigate this, using the applet
x2 + 6x + 5
x2 + 6x + 6
x2 + 6x + 7
x2 + 6x + 8
Explain your answers.
WELP – student material, december 2002
Task
These four rectangles have together a total area of xy + x + y + 1.
a)
Join them together into just one big rectangle. What are the length and
width of the big rectangle?
b)
Complete: xy + 2x + 2y + 4 = (......)(......)
You can use the applet if needed.
Area Algebra
Start the applet Area Algebra.
You will get the following picture:
For every task, find the right
expression that fits the dots. For
square type ^ 2
Click OK after finishing the task
Possible activities
 Make the partial expressions
(simplify)
 Make de rectangular expression
(factor)
 Challenging problems
 Expressions with negative numbers
 Expressions for other areas (empty)
Geometric algebra problems 1
Start the applet Geometric problems 1
You will get the following picture:
Task #
Expand and simplify the expression by
manipulating the rectangle in the
figure. You can rotate, mirror, split,
join, release, etc….
Click OK after finishing the task
Geometric algebra problems 2
Start the applet Geometric problems 2
You will get the following picture:
Task #
Find one rectangle with the pieces shown
in the screen. What product is represented
by your rectangle?
You can rotate, mirror, split, join, release
the pieces
Click OK after finishing the task
Some conclusions
• Students find applets attractive and motivating;
• Flexible, simple to use; it can also be used at home
• There is more attention for individual differences
between students
• They help to create a learning environment
• Allows a dynamical approach to algebra
From: aad [mailto:[email protected]]
Sent: vrijdag 11 juli 2003 12:23
Subject: RE: Vraagje!
Beste Tjeerd,
Je vraagt hoe je X kunt uitrekenen als je weet dat
X · (X+10) = X² + 10X = 45.
Ik doet het met een plaatje voor, maar met kleinere getallen:
X · (X+4) = X² + 4X = 600.
Het plaatje is aangehangen aan deze mail.
Je ziet links op het plaatje een rechthoek van X bij X + 4.
Die bestaat uit een vierkant van X bij X en een rechthoek van X bij 4.
Die rechthoek van X bij 4 wordt doorgeknipt. Nu zijn er twee van X bij 2.
Door die twee langs het vierkant van X bij X te leggen,
krijg je een groter vierkant, op een ontbrekend stukje na. (Middenin het
plaatje.)
Dat missende stukje is een vierkantje van 2 bij 2 en is dus 4.
Had je dat stukje wel, dan was de hele boel samen een vierkant van (X+2) bij
(X+2)
en samen was alles 45 + 4 = 49. (Rechts op het plaatje.)
Dus X + 2 moet 7 zijn en X zelf 5.
Je kunt het op dezelfde manier doen met jouw vraag!
Het plaatje is gemaakt met een programmatje op internet.
Ga naar www.wisweb.nl
Klik op 'Applets' en zoek dan in de lijst op: "Geometrische Algebra 2D".
Succes met je taak voor wiskunde en goede vakantie!
Groet,
Aad Goddijn
45
45 + 4
49
Technology-based tools can enhance student performance
when they are integrated into the curriculum and used in
accordance with knowledge about learning
White and Frederiksen 1998
But the mere existence of these tools in the classroom
provides no guarantee that student learning will improve;
they have to be part of a coherent education approach
- The end -