Transcript No Slide Title

Operating, Maintaining, and
Upgrading the LHC
Detectors
Sally Seidel
University of New Mexico
U.S. Department of Energy
April 18, 2003
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Faces in the future of the LHC program...
Philip Watje (UNM ‘04) and Amanda
Burghard (UNM ‘05) at work as technicians in
the silicon laboratory at the University of New
Mexico, characterizing production pixel 2
sensors for ATLAS.
The salaries of these undergraduate students
are provided by US-ATLAS. Without these
funds, these straight-A physics majors would
be supporting themselves with non-science
minimum-wage jobs in Albuquerque.
Because of this lab experience, they’ve
begun talking about LHC Ph.D.’s. The LHC
program is bringing research skills and
excitement to the next generation right now.
This talk is about the impact of detector
maintenance and operations and detector
upgrades on the science that they and we all
want to do.
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Maintenance and Operations
Through DOE support, U.S. universities’
scientists have built upon experience in
previous large experiments and assembled
teams that are producing major subsystems
of the ATLAS and CMS detectors.
The ATLAS cryostat, a U.S. project
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~20 cm
~6,000 CMS Tracker Outer Barrel modules
will be constructed in the U.S.
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•The U.S. Deliverables are on track to meet
LHC schedules. This includes almost 50
university-based construction efforts.
•U.S. groups have provided leadership in
many areas of design and construction.
Outstanding examples of U.S. leadership on
the LHC projects:
•U.S.-CMS
•constructing the entire forward pixel
system
•responsible for endcap muon chambers
and electronics
•leadership on hadron calorimeter barrel
construction and all electronics
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•U.S.- ATLAS
•7-university collaboration to build
hundreds of square meters of the
Monitored Drift Tube muon tracking
detectors (25 m accuracy), including
electronic readout and laser alignment
•4-university collaboration building major
portion of transition radiation tracker
including advanced electronics
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Hampton University’s clean room, where
parts are prepared and tested for the ATLAS
Barrel Transition Radiation Tracker
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•Maintenance and operations (M&O) includes
•final testing, including supplies
•alignment
•calibration
•integration
•monitoring
•maintenance, including spares, tooling
•support of common costs, consumables,
surface infrastructure
•M&O activities train students and postdocs in
the HEP state of the art.
•Continued leadership during the M&O phase
is a natural path to leadership in extraction of
the data.
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U.S. M&O responsibilities are commensurate
with the U.S. responsibilities during
construction.
Subsystem responsibilities by U.S. groups
extend broadly and deeply in both ATLAS and
CMS...
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ATLAS M&O tasks deriving directly from
construction responsibilities:
•Semiconductor tracker (SCT): subsystem
management, system engineering,
electronics coordination; monitoring,
annealing, calibrating optical links;
maintaining, monitoring flex hybrids...
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•Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT):
checkout, integration, maintenance
•Liquid Argon Calorimeter (LAr): readout
electronics, HV feedthroughs and cables,
monitoring software, integration
•Scintillating Tile Hadronic Calorimeter
(TileCal): pre-assembly, calibration, preoperations
•Muon spectrometer: certification of
chambers and alignment components, preoperation, testing and debugging, system
tests
•Trigger and data acquisition (TDAQ):
software development, changes, and
maintenance; troubleshooting and repair;
rolling replacement of processors and
network components
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U.S. ATLAS skill mix needed to
achieve the task of M&O
M&O FTEs
60.0
Sr. Scientist
Administrator
Designer
Comp.Prof.
Tech
EE
ME
Gen Lab
50.0
FTEs
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Fiscal Year
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CMS construction responsibilities
leading to M&O responsibilities:
•Silicon strip tracker (SiTrkr):
full tracker outer barrel assembly
•Forward pixels (FPIX):
full system
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•Electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL):
barrel transducers, front end electronics,
laser monitor
•Hadronic calorimeter (HCAL): barrel
and outer barrel, endcap and forward
transducers and readout, endcap
scintillator, and forward quartz fibers
•Muon system (EMU): cathode strip
chambers, electronics, and readout
•Trigger/Data Acquisition (TRIDAS):
Level-1 endcap muon and calorimeter
triggers, DAQ filter
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U.S. CMS M&O Estimated Personnel
Needs
US CMS Project/Pre-Ops/Ops Resources
250
150
100
50
Tech-M&O
Engr-M&O
Phys-M&O
Tech-Constr
Engr-Constr
Phys-Constr
98
FY
99
f y0
0
f y0
1
f y0
2
f y0
3
f y0
4
f y0
5
f y0
6
f y0
7
f y0
8
f y0
9
0
FY
FTE's
200
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Upgrade
•LHC luminosity will increase during the first
4-5 years to 1034cm-2s-1.
•Modest LHC upgrades should increase
luminosity to 1035cm-2s-1 after that, extending
the observable mass range by 20%.
•Implications:
•increased radiation resistance needed in
many systems.
•increased granularity of tracking needed.
•trigger innovations; rate capability
management required.
•Timescale for upgrades: 2012-2015
•Timescale needed for R&D: starting now
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Physics motivation for the luminosity
upgrade:
•The full precision of the LHC detectors
becomes attainable: Higgs measurements
reach statistics comparable to systematics as
HZ and H and rarer modes become
accessible.
•For 170 < mH < 200 GeV, final states with
Higgs pairs are measured, allowing first
measurement of Higgs self coupling.
•Precision measurements of boson selfcouplings through triple and quartic diagrams
improve substantially, in some cases
comparable to electroweak corrections,
probing extensions of the Standard Model for
which these couplings are not uniquely fixed.
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•The discovery mass reach for new
phenomena expands with increased access to
rare high transverse energy and missing
transverse energy events. Sensitivity to the
scale of large extra dimensions improves by
~25%; the overall scale for discovery of new
processes increases by ~30%.
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Impact of accelerator luminosity on the
detectors:
•baseline LHC operation may reveal new
physics which would reasonably invite
detector improvement.
•For L= 1035cm-2s-1, tracking systems require
new technology and significant engineering
for
•improved rad hardness (new materials,
new geometries, small feature size
electronics, cooling, power distribution)
•improved granularity (mean 104 tracks per
crossing)
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These new tracking technologies naturally
lead to
•Improved precision at small radii (tagging
short-lived particles such as b and )
•Improved precision at large radii
(improved fractional accuracy of highest
momentum tracks)
In this environment, technologies that reduce
detector mass and enhance triggering
capability should naturally be examined as
well.
R&D for the current tracking systems began
> 10 years ago.
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•Muon systems:
•may need additional shielding at high 
when LHC data are available.
•improved angular coverage to observe
decay chains of new rare decays and
angular distributions of 2-body events,
which are sensitive to new particle
quantum numbers.
Neutron fluxes in
CMS endcap muon
detector with
present (top,
|y|<2.4) and
possible future
(bottom, |y|<2)
shielding.
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•Calorimeters:
•need new technologies for rad hard
electronics
•studies required of space charge effects,
current-induced voltage drops
•new liquids and gasses should be
examined
|y|=2
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•Trigger, DAQ systems should respond
dynamically to discoveries and opportunities:
•Level 1 must respond to reduction of
bunch crossing interval
•High level triggers must respond to
increased rate and event size
•Associated research in readout network,
complexity handling, implementation of
network technology should keep pace.
•Integration (services, support, interfaces,
beam pipe) for all above.
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Support for LHC Research has 2 components:
•The Research Program, which supports
engineers, computer professionals,
technicians, and Tier 1 and 2 facilities
•The Base Program, which supports
physicists, including post-docs.
The success of the LHC program depends on
increased support of the Base Program as well
as the Research Program.
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U.S. ATLAS Research Program projected
costs, FY’03-’07
40,000
35,000
U.S. ATLAS Computing
U.S. ATLAS
Research Program
Targets (AY$)
U.S. ATLAS M&O
U.S. ATLAS Upgrade R&D
30,000
Management Reserve
AY03$
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
FY 03
FY 04
FY 05
FY 06
FY 07
U.S. CMS Research Program projected costs,
FY’02-’08
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The presence of U.S. physicists at CERN
needs to start growing now to meet
commissioning responsibilities.
Estimated total FTE persons in US-ATLAS
Base Program:
Projected Scientific Effort by U.S. ATLAS
300
250
FTE's of Computing - Subsystem
Specific
FTEs
200
FTE's of Computing - CORE software
FTE's of Research (Simulation, analysis,
etc.)
150
FTE's of M&O (Maintenance and
Operation)
100
FTE's of Detector Construction
50
0
FY-03
FY-04
FY-05
FY-06
FY-07
FY-08
FY-09
FY-10
Fiscal Year
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A planned increase in Base Program support
is needed for physicists who will be working
at CERN:
Integrated U.S. ATLAS Scientific Effort at CERN
180
160
Example from
US-ATLAS
FTEs*Years
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
FY-03
FY-04
FY-05
FY-06
FY-07
Fiscal Year
Some 6-12 month visits to CERN by US
faculty will be essential. CERN has no
mechanism to support sabbatical salary.
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Travel costs will necessarily increase.
•Costs are estimated from predicted number of
trips and average length of time of each trip.
•Cost/trip is greater than for domestic
experiments.
Rough Estimate of Travel Costs needed to Support U.S. ATLAS
Scientific Effort at CERN
9.0
8.0
7.0
M$
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
FY-03
FY-04
FY-05
FY-06
FY-07
Fiscal Year
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•DOE funding for proton research is
decreasing (see J. O’Fallon talk at HEPAP,
3/7/2003).
•We urge DOE to increase Base Program
support for LHC scientists in balance with the
Research Program.
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A conclusion...
by training the next generation of
high energy physicists, and in
supporting LHC experiment
maintenance, operations, and
upgrade R&D...
...DOE is investing in the scientific
and technological future of the U.S.
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