Transcript Document

Welcome to Astronomy!
Prove that the following
equation is valid by
means of resolution:
xp(x)v xq(x)
xp(x)vq(x)
Why can’t you do this problem?
You cannot do these problems because you
do not know the math between what you
now know and what you would need to
know to do the problem!
You will have the same problem
with understanding the process
that scientists call the big bang.
Just because you cannot understand
some of what scientists say about the
big bang does not mean that scientists
do not understand it clearly!
They know the science between what you know
and what is needed to be known to understand
the big bang!
Did the detectives see the explosion?
No! They have to figure it out from evidence!
They take evidence from space
to figure out the science!
How The Big Bang Theory
came to be…
• In 1927 Belgian priest Georges Lemaître proposed that
the universe began with the explosion of an early atom.
– His proposal came after observing the red shift (objects
moving away from us) in distant nebulas.
• Years later, Edwin Hubble found
experimental evidence to help
justify Lemaître's theory.
• He found that distant galaxies in
every direction are going away
from us with speeds proportional
to their distance.
• NASA named the Hubble Space Telescope
after Edwin Hubble due to his great
contributions to astronomy!
Some sort of “event”
occurred to cause the
change that formed the
universe we have today.
This event is what
scientists call the
Big Bang Flowchart
The Big Bang Theory
The most widely accepted theory explaining the
formation of the universe.
• Why? Because it is the only scientifically
supported theory that we currently have…
Step 1: All matter and energy in the
universe was once located in
a single dense point called a
singularity.
Step 2: A HUGE explosion occurred!
Step 3: Matter and energy were
propelled outward in all
directions as the universe
began to expand.
Step 4: Matter began to condense - forming galaxies and
these galaxies continue to move outward today.
Evidence for
the Big Bang Theory
• What continues to support this theory today?
– The universe is currently expanding as observed
by the movement of cosmic background
radiation.
– Most of the most distant stars observed to be in
red-shift (they are moving away from Earth)
Evidence for
the Big Bang Theory
• The Big Bang Theory explains why distant galaxies
are traveling away from us at great speeds.
• This theory also predicts the existence of cosmic
background radiation the energy & glow left over
from the explosion.
• The Big Bang Theory
received its strongest
confirmation when this
radiation was discovered
in 1964 by Arno Penzias
and Robert Wilson, who
later won the Nobel Prize
for this discovery.
Universal red shift
is also evidence for
this expansion.
Sound
shows
Doppler
effect too!
Clip on this
picture to
experience
the Doppler
effect.
red shift
What you just heard was
the Doppler effect with
sound. Red shift is the
Doppler effect with light.
Notice that the line groupings are the
same – only shifted red.
From our position in the
universe, it looks like we are the
center because everything
appears to be moving away
from us.
As a balloon gets larger
every point moves away
from every other point.
If your galaxy was a raisin, notice that every
raisin is moving away from every other raisin.
In fact, a raisin far away from you is moving
away faster than those that are closer. Our
expanding universe acts the same way.
The second evidence is
Cosmic
Microwave
Background
Radiation!
This is energy “left
over” from the
Big Bang.
-discovered in the
early 1960’s.
This is like an oven that was used to make
cookies. The cookies are not visible but the
smell is there (evidence) and when you open the
oven door there is just a little bit of heat still
there (another piece of evidence).
What are the two
pieces of evidence
that support the Big
Bang Theory that we
discussed?
Video clip of the big bang