Transcript Document
Fundamental Symmetries in Nuclear Physics The Nuclear next physics decade studies presents ofNP with a historic fundamental opportunity symmetries to buildplayed on thisan legacy essential in developing role in developing the “new & Standard confirming Model” the Standard Model The Our value role has of our been contribution broadly will be broadly recognized recognized within and outside beyond the NP field Fifty years of parity-violation in nuclear physics Michael Ramsey-Musolf, Chicago, January, 2007 Community Input • Pre-Town Meeting Caltech Dec. 7-8, 2006 • This Town Meeting • White paper Substantial work by the organizing committee Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History It utilizes a simple and elegant symmetry principle SU(3)c x SU(2)L x U(1)Y to explain the microphysics of the present universe • Big Bang Nucleosynthesis SM Unfinished Business (BBN) & light element abundances • Sea quarks & gluons • Weak interactions in stars • Weak NN interaction & solar burning •Standard Electroweak Supernovae & probes neutron can Model puzzles stars provide new insights Standard Model successes Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History Electroweak symmetry Puzzles the Standard Model can’t solve breaking: Higgs ? 1. 2. 3. 4. Origin of matter Unification & gravity Weak scale stability Neutrinos What are the symmetries (forces) of the early universe beyond those of the SM? • Supersymmetry ? • New gauge interactions? • Extra dimensions ? Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) Scientific Questions, Achievements & Challenges Scientific Questions • Why is there more matter than antimatter in the present universe? EDM, DM, LFV, q13 … • What are the unseen forces that disappeared from view as the universe cooled? Weak decays, PVES, gm-2,… • What are the masses of neutrinos and how have they shaped the evolution of the universe? 0nbb decay, q13, b decay,… • What is the internal landscape of the proton? PVES, hadronic PV, n scattering,… Tribble report Scientific Achievements • World’s most precise measurement of (gm-2) Possible first indications of supersymmetry; over 800 citations • Most precise measurement of sin2qW off the Z0 resonance using PV Moller scattering; constrains new physics at the TeV scale (Z’, RPV SUSY…) • Definitive determinations of strange quark contributions to nucleon EM form factors using PV electron-proton & electron-nucleus scattering; confirmed theoretical estimates of hadronic effects in electroweak radiative corrections Scientific Achievements • Quark-lepton universality tested to 0.05% using superallowed nuclear b-decay, yielding most precise value of any CKM matrix element (Vud) 2006 Bonner Prize in Nuclear Physics recognizing work of Towner & Hardy • Completion of a comprehensive set of computations of supersymmetric effects in lowenergy electroweak observables; 2005 Dissertation Award in Nuclear Physics to A. Kurylov • Reduction in the theoretical hadronic uncertainty in extraction of Vud from neutron and nuclear b-decay Scientific Achievements • Development of a EFT treatments of parity violation in the nucleon-nucleon interaction that will guide the future experimental program at the SNS and NIST • Substantial technical developments opening the way for searches for the permanent EDMs of the neutron, neutral atoms, deuteron and electron with 2-4 orders of magnitude greater sensitivity Technological Achievements & Investments QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline at SNS QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. 1.4 MW , 1 GeV Hbeam on L Hg Also new capabilities at LANSCE, NIST… Quic kTime™ and a TIFF ( Unc ompres s ed) dec ompr es s or are needed to s ee this pic ture. CEBAF 12 GeV Up-grade QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Muon storage ring at BNL QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. ISAAC, RIAcino…. Challenges: What role can low energy studies play in the LHC era ? Two frontiers in the search for new physics Collider experiments (pp, e+e-, etc) at higher energies (E >> MZ) Large Hadron Collider Indirect searches at lower energies (E < MZ) but high precision Ultra cold neutrons CERN High energy physics Particle, nuclear & atomic physics Scientific Opportunities The Origin of Matter New Forces in the Early Universe Electroweak Probes of QCD The Origin of Matter & Energy Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Baryogenesis: When? CPV? SUSY? Neutrinos? WIMPy D.M.: Related to baryogenesis? “New gravity”? Lorentz violation? Grav baryogen ? Weak scale baryogenesis can be tested experimentally ? Nuclear Science mission: explain the origin, evolution, & structure of SM symmetry (broken) Beyond the SM “KnownEnergy Unknowns” Cosmic Budget the baryonic component Baryogenesis: New Electroweak Physics 90’s: Weak Scale Baryogenesis • B violation Cohen, Kaplan, Nelson Joyce, Prokopec, Turok Unbroken phase Topological transitions new • C & CP violation • Nonequilibrium dynamics (x) Broken phase 1st order phase transition CP Violation Sakharov, 1967 new • Is it viable? • Can experiment constrain it? • How reliably can we compute it? new new e EDM Probes of New CP Violation CKM f dSM e n 199 Hg m dexp Yale, Indiana, Amherst 27 40 10 1.6 10 SNS, 1030ILL, PSI 3.0 1026 1033 2.11028 ANL, 28 Princeton, TRIUMF… 10 1.11018 Also 225Ra, 129Xe, d dfuture 1031 1029 1032 1024 BNL If new EWK CP violation is responsible for abundance of matter, will these experiments see an EDM? Baryogenesis: EDMs & Colliders Theory progress & challenge: refined computations of baryon asymmetry & EDMs baryogenesis LHC reach LEP II excl Present de ILC reach dn similar Prospective de Dark Matter & Baryogenesis: Solar ns ˜0 Z0 ˜0 n n baryogenesis Gravitational capture in sun followed by annihilation into high energy neutrinos Ice Cube Assuming W ~WCDM No signal in SuperK detector Future Cirigliano, Profumo, R-M Precision Probes of New Symmetries Electroweak symmetry New Symmetries breaking: Higgs ? 1. 2. 3. 4. Origin of Matter Unification & gravity Weak scale stability Neutrinos ? nm ne ˜m n W ˜0 m ˜ m e QuickT ime™ and a T IFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF(Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Qu ickT ime ™ a nd a TIF F (U nco mpre sse d) de com pres sor are nee ded to s ee th is pi cture . Quic kTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompres sed) dec ompressor ar e needed to see this picture. Beyond the SM Qui ckT ime™ and a T IFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. SM symmetry (broken) Precision Electroweak Measurements and Collider Searches are Complementary Direct Measurements Radiative corrections Probing Fundamental • Precision measurements Symmetries beyond predicted a range for mt the SM: before top quark discovery low• mUse mb ! t >> precision energy measurements • mt is consistent with that to probe virtual effects range of new symmetries & • Itcompare didn’t have tocollider be that with way results Stunning SM Success J. Ellison, UCI b-decay Weak decays b F m F G Vud 1 rb rm G n p e ne A(Z,N) A(Z 1,N 1) e n e 0 e n e SM theory input ne p W e n Recent Marciano & Sirlin MW ˆ M Z2 GF ln 2 CW () 2 8 UCNA CKM Summary: PDG04 CKM Summary: New Vus & tn ? New tn !! Vus & Vud theory ? UCNA New 0+ info ? Weak decays & new physics SUSYCorrelations models Vud u c t Vcd Vtd d u e ne s u e ne b u e ne nm ne ˜m n W ˜ O ~ 0.001 OSM 0 m d ne u˜ CKM, (g-2)m, MW, Mpt pe pMn M dW 1 a m˜ L q˜L An E e En e Ee e ˜0 u ˜ m SUSY Vus Vub d Vcs Vcb s Vts Vtb b ˜ ˜e n e SUSY Non (V-A) x probes (V-A) of Similarly unique Vud from neutron interactions: me/E new physics in muon and decay: LANSCE, pion decay SNS, NIST SNS, NIST, LANSCE, RIA? Weak Mixing in the Standard Model Parity-violating electron scattering SLAC Moller JLab Future Z0 pole tension Scale-dependence of Weak Mixing Probing SUSY with PV Electron Scattering RPV: No SUSY DM Majorana n s 12 GeV QWP, SUSY / QWP, SM SUSY Loops QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. E158 QWe, SUSY / QWe, SM 6 GeV gm-2 Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment m QED m Z Weak Future goal Had VP Had LbL SM Loops QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. SUSY Loops Quic kTime™ and a TIFF ( LZW) dec ompres sor are needed to s ee this pic ture. Fundamental Symmetries & Cosmic History It utilizes a simple and elegant symmetry principle SU(3)c x SU(2)L x U(1)Y to explain the microphysics of the present universe • Big Bang Nucleosynthesis SM Unfinished Business (BBN) & light element abundances • Sea quarks & gluons • Weak interactions in stars • Weak NN interaction & solar burning •Standard Electroweak Supernovae & probes neutron can Model puzzles stars provide new insights Standard Model successes 6 GeV Deep Inelastic PV: Beyond the Parton Model & SM e- eZ* N Higher Twist: qq and qqg correlations * X 12 GeV Charge sym in pdfs u p (x) d n (x)? d p (x) un (x)? Electroweak test: e-q couplings & sin2qW d(x)/u(x): large x Field Theory Parity-Violating NNEffective Interaction W ,Z 0 N , , q q N •Model Independent (7 LECs) Long range: -exchange? •Few-body systems (SNS, NIST…) T=1 force •QCD: weak qq interactions in strong int environment •Weak Int in nuclei (0nbbdecay) Fundamental Symmetries in Nuclear Physics: Opportunities for Great Impact • Support university rsch (exp’t & th’y) • EDMs ! • Magnets for SNS • Electroweak program at JLab (6 & 12 GeV) • Muon g-2 Fifty years of parity-violation in nuclear physics • Cross disciplines: DM & LFV Let’s continue the legacy ! Back Matter Organizing Committee Balantekin Baha D rexlin G uido E lliott Steve Fuller G eorge H erzog D ave H ols tein Barry H uffman P aul Klein J os h Kumar Kris hna M arc iano Bill M c L aughlin G ail Rams ey- M us olf M ic hael N ic o J eff O pper A llena P oon A lan Roberts on H amis h Savard G uy V ogelaar Bruc e Wilburn Sc ott U nivers ity of Wis c ons in U nivers ity of Karls ruhe L os A lamos N ational L ab U C San D iego U nivers ity of I llinois U nivers ity of M as s ac hus etts N orth C arolina S tate U nivers ity U nivers ity of T exas , A us tin U nivers ity of M as s ac hus etts Brookhaven N ational L ab N orth C arolina S tate U nivers ity U nivers ity of Wis c ons/Caltech in NIST G eorge Was hington U nivers ity L awrenc e B erkeley N ational L ab U nivers ity of Was hington A rgonne, C hic ago V irginia T ec h L os A lamos N ational L ab Greene Oak Ridge Nationa Lab/U. Tennessee Geoff Symmetries Subcommittee Neutrino Subcommittee Participants Group A: ~ 28 Group B: ~ 13 Group C: ~ 27 TOTAL: ~ 45 Working Groups Group A: Precision Studies of Standard Model Electroweak Processes Bill Marciano* Dave Hertzog (weak decays, PVES, gm-2,…) Brad Filippone Group B: Electroweak Probes of Hadron and Nuclear Structure Geoff Greene* Barry Holstein (PVES, hadronic PV,…) Group C: Rare and Forbidden Processes Allena Opper* Paul Huffman (EDM, LFV, dark matter,…) Other: Dark Matter (joint with Neutrinos) Spencer Klein George Fuller (in Chicago)