Transcript Bergazym - :: شرکت سپاهان دانه پارسیان

Application of functional lipids to improve
milk production, reproduction and health
of dairy cows
The most crucial period--Transition and Early lactation
mobilization
of body tissue
Limited oxidation
of fatty acids
Limited export
of fatty acid oxidation
Fat accumulation in liver
Impair on
glucose synthesis
Decrease
In feed intake
Deduction
In performance
Increase
In disease
Grummer, 1993; Gerloff, 1986; Emery, et al, 1999; NRC, (2001);
Overton et al, 1999; Overton & Piepenbrink, 2002;
Effects of NEB on milk yield, reproduction & health
Dry matter intake
Milk
yield
Milk fever
Displaced abomasum
Negative
energy balance
Ketosis and fat liver
Retained palcenta
Economic longevity
Reproductive
efficiency
Production during peak lactation & economic loss
Deduction per day during
peak lactation
Deduction per a whole
lactation of 305 days
1kg Milk yield
200-250 kg milk
Loss of T 500
Loss of T 100,000 ~125,000
Metabolic disorders and economic loss
Metabolic
disorder
Economic loss
(US$)
Incidence
(Hoard’s
Dairyman)
Incidence in 61
highest milking
herds in USA
Ketosis
145
5%
3.7%
Milk fever
334
8%
7.2%
Displaced
abomasum
340
>3%
3.3%
Placental
retention
285
5-10%
9.0%
BCS loss affects days to 1st ovulation and conception rate
65
70
60
53
50
38
40
44
28
30
17
20
10
0
Da y s
t o
Ov u l a t i o n
BCS Loss < 0.5
Co n c e p t i o n
BCS Loss 0.5-1.0
Ra t e
%
BCS Loss > 1
Bulter & Smith (1989)
Effects of rumen bypass fats on production and reproduction
Rumen bypass fat
2 to 5 % of dry matter
milk yield
1,8 to 3,5 kg more milk per day
milk fat
2 to 15% improved
milk protein
0~ 6% reduced, depending on fats
protein output
unchanged / increased
optimal efficiency
1st 120 days of lactation
conception rate
+ 26% (1st Ser.)/+74% (2nd Ser.)
pregnancy rate
+27%
open days
less 6.8 days
AI per conception
- 0.4 service
Effects of supplemental fats on reproduction (mu yuyun 2004)
Authors
Dose of
inert fats
cows
Conception rate
(service order)
Open
days
43 (1)
60 (1)
Conception
/pregnancy
rate
72 (PR)
87 (PR)
Schneider et
al., 1988
0g
500 g/d
54
54
Sklan et al.,
1989
0g
500 g/d
Ferguson et
al., 1990
54
54
28 (1)
44 (1)
58 (CR)
76 (CR)
86
74
0
2%DM
138
115
43 (1)
59 (1)
86 (CR)
93 (CR)
96
92
1.96
1.57
Sklan et al.,
1991
0
2.6%DM
48
51
42 (1), 25 (2-4)
39 (1), 43 (2-4)
62 (PR)
82 (PR)
149
115
2.9
2.4
Garcia &
Bojalil 1998
0
2.2%DM
21
22
33 (1), 31 (2)
45 (1), 75 (2)
52 (PR) 86
(PR)
76
84
1.35
1.45
Scott et al.,
1995
0g
450 g/d
223
220
49 (1), 39 (2)
46 (1), 42 (2)
93 (CR)
98 (CR)
138
146
1.2
0.5
+ 26% (1)
+ 74% (2)
+ 27 %
(PR/CR)
-6.8
- 0.4
Treatment control
×× DM： dry matter；CR：conception rate, PR: pregnancy rate
Services
per
conception
2.3
1.8
Responses of milk yields to supplemental fats
Drackley, 1999
Importance of β-carotene in milk production, reproduction and health
β-carotene deficiency causes unobvious heat ，delayed
ovulation，less secretion of progesterone ，poor conception,
embryo death, etc.
β-carotene supplementation improves cell barrier of and
immune responses of mummary gland, decrease mastitis and
somatic cell counts
β-carotene decreases incidence of placental retention and
metritis
Supplementation of β-carotene increases milk yields
Feeding β-carotene in heifers to reduce fertility disorder incidence
40 black-and white heifers, 56 weeks study
Heifer cows
With β-carotene
(0.3 mg β-carotene +
Without β-carotene
(220 IU vit A/kg
P
100 IU Vit A/Kg
B.W./day)
B.W./day)
Luteal cysts, %
0
30
<0.01
Follicular cysts, %
5
10
>0.05
68.4
89.5
40.0
55.0
<0.01
<0.05
1.4
2.0
<0.05
Conception rate, %
After 1st insemination
After 2nd insemination
Nos. of insemination
per head
Lotthammer, Ahlswede, and Meyer (1976)
Feeding Βeta-carotene increases fertility of dairy cows
Reproductive performances of dairy cows supplemented with
beta-carotenes (400 mg/day) for first 90 days after calving
under heat stress
Control
β-carotene
Days-open
140
126
Pregnancy rate, %
48
59
Multiparous cows
Data are adapted from Rodrigues-Martinez et al., 2002, J. Dairy Sci. suppl.1. p 306.
Effects of β-carotene supplements in dairy cows (Huszenicza 1984)
60
Frequency ， %
50
control
250 mg b-carotene per day
47
35
40
30
17.5
20
10
4.3
0
Retained placenta, %
Pregnance 90 days after
calving
Supplementation of β-carotene decreases mastitis and metritis
60
49
50
20
18
15
50
27
40
Frequency，
30
%
15
Frequency，
10
%
7
20
5
10
0
53,000 IU Vit A
173,000IU VitA
53,000IU Vit A+300 mg bcarotene
Frequency of mastitis in the first 3 weeks of
lactation as a function of vitamin A and βcarotene supply (Chew, 1985 USA)
0
control
120,000IU VitA
300 mg bcarotene
Metritis frequency bas a function of vitamin
A and β-carotene supply （Michal et al，
1994)
Supplementation of β-carotene more significantly decreases
somatic cell counts in milk
Feeding Βeta-carotene increases milk yields of dairy cows
Feeding 400 mg/day beta-carotenes after calving for 60-90 days
significantly improved milk yields of dairy cows at DIM 120
Effects of supplemental beta-carotenes on milk yields
Control
milk yield (kg/day)
38.0
34.0
36.0
32.7
34.0
31.6
32.0
30.0
37.2
B-carotene
31.0
28.7
28.0
26.0
Exp. 1, Hot months
Exp. 2, Hot months Exp. 3. Cool months
Data are adapted from Rodrigues-Martinez et al., 2002, J. Dairy Sci. suppl.1. p 306.
Plasma β-carotene level should be min 3000 ug/l
适宜水平
Requirements of Βeta-carotene in dairy cows
Ruiter, 1998
Maintenance :
min. 100 mg /day
Gestation:
min. 200 mg /day
Lactation:
10 -20 mg /kg milk yield
BASF, 1998
Transition period : min. 600 mg /day
Lactation:
min. 300 mg/day
Vitamin E key functions
Biological antioxidant, necessary for
cell membrane integrity and cell
metabolism
Regulation of development and
function of gonads, preparation and
protection of pregnancy, ,hormone
metabolism
Stimulation of antibody formation,
antitoxic action in cellular metabolism
Control of glucose metabolism,
creatine metabolism and glycerol
balance
Antioxidation model of
Vitmin E
Effects of supplemental Vit E on health after calving
60
30
52.9
50
25
40
30
21.1
34.40
18.5
20
26.7
22
20
10
26.3
25.3
6.9
10.8
15
15.00
12.4
10
0
5
1988
1989
1990
Supplementation of Vit E at
1000 IU/day decreased
placental retention incidence
during last 40 days of
progency（Millet et al, 1990)
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
Supplementation of Vit E at
1000 IU/day improved udder
shrink during last 40 days of
progency（Millet et al, 1991)
Supplemental E improves performances and health
Author
Treatment
Results
Weiss et al ,
1997
Supplementation of Vit E at 1000,
4000 and 2000 IU/day during first Mastitis of first 7days after calving
46 dasy , and late 14 days of dry significantly reduced from 25％ to
period and after calving,
2.6%。
respectively
Baldi, et al,
2000
Daily supplement of vitamin E
1000 IU /head during dry period
Wang et al，
2004
Daily supplement of vitamin E 300
Milk yield increased by 1.85 kg
IU /head
Somastic cell counts in milk
reduced and reproduction
improved significantly
Effects of vit E on milk yield and reproduction
Dairy cows with or without supplemental vitamin E 1000 IU during the
last 40 days of gestation (Miller et al 1991)
control
Vitamin E 1000IU
P
12WK milk yield,
Kg/day
21.1
25.6
0.02
Days to 1st estrous
73.8
54.2
0.07
Days to 1st breeding
87.8
76.4
0.15
Days open
106.8
89.1
0.12
1.8
1.4
0.05
Treatment
Services per
conception
Requirements of Vitamin E in dairy cows
BASF (2002)
Dairy cow: 500-1000 IU/day
Seymour (2004)
Dairy cow : 500-1000 IU/day
NRC (2001)
Pregnant cow：80 IU /Kg DMI/day
Milking cow：20 IU /Kg DMI/day
Main rumen inert fat products in the international markets
hydrogenated fat：1st generation,
hydrogenation of animal and vegetable oils
CaSFA： 2nd generation, calcium salt of
fatty acids
stable fats：3rd generation, hydrolyzed and
fractionated fats
functional fats： 4th generation, vitaminsenriched stable fats
Comparison among rumen bypass fat products
Products
Normal SFA
Color
white
Appearance
Iodine value,
Powder
Small granule
Bergaplus-D hydrogenated
（new）
Fat powder
yellowish
white
Small granule
Powder
small granule
CaSFA
brownish
Granule
12-18
20-30
2-10
40-50
MP, C
56-60
52-58
58-62
--
moisture， %
< 0.5
< 0.5
< 0.5
5
calcium, %
--
--
--
9
Fat, %
> 99.5
> 99.5
> 99.5
80-84
mg I /100g
Comparison among rumen bypass fat products
Product
Normal SFA
Bergaplus-D Hydrogenated
CaSFA
（new）
Fat powder
<1.5
<1.5
<2
<2
C16:0
80
70
45
45
C18:0
5
5
45
5
C18:1
10
18
6
40
C18:2 & C18:3
3
5
2
8
Bypass ratio, %
>97
>95
> 99
83-95
Fat digestibility, %
86
87
70
87
NEL, Mcal /kg
6.2-6.3
6.2
5.2-5.3
5.3-5.4
Fatty acid com
C12:0&C14:0
Berg + Schmidt provides 3rd/4th generation of bypass fats
55 years old, a well-known manufacturer of special
feed fats and phospholipids in the world
•
currently provide 4th generation of rumen stable
products: Bergaplus D
BergaPlus -D
•
•
•
All-In-One Solution
The matrix of rumen stable fats and multivitamins
Providing essential nutrients for metabolism of
protein, fat and carbohydrates simultaneously
in small intestines.
Synergetic actions of nutrients improve milk
yield , reproduction, and decreases incidences
of metabolic disorders
Nutrients from supplemented B’Plus –D and T 300
BergaPlus –D
Normal SFA
Fat
920 g
1000 g
Protein
> 12 g
0
β-carotene
> 250 mg
0
Vitamin E
> 500 IU
0
NEL
6.2 Mcal
6.2-6.3 Mcal
Per kg product
Milk yields of Chinese dairy cows fed Bergaplus D
and competition fa powder 2007)
Multiparous Cows
Milk Yield (kg/day)
40
37.38
38
+10.6%
36
33.78
34
32
30
Bergaplus D
Rumen Bypass Fat
Transition (21 days)
Early lactation (first 90 days)
Cows No.
26
26
Fat powder
125 g/day
350 g/day
Bergaplus D
125 g/day
350 g/day
Chinese dairy heifers fed Bergaplus Dand
competition fat powder (2007)
Primiparous cows
Milk Yield (kg/day)
36.0
34.0
32.0
+5.6%
32.0
30.3
30.0
28.0
26.0
Bergaplus D
Control
Transition (21 days）
Early lactation (the first 30 days)
Heifer no.
26
26
Competition fat powder
0 g/day
250 g/day
Bergaplus D
125 g/day
250 g/day
1st AI of Chinese Hosltein cows fed with or
without Bergaplus D (2007)
90
85.71
70
50
40.91
30
10
Bergaplus D
Control
Control
Bergaplus D
Initial date
13 Feb 2007
Final date
31 May 2007
Cow numbers
22
21
Dose during transition (21 days)
0
125 g/day
Dose during early lactation (first 90 days)
0
250 g/day
Interval days between calving and 1st AI of dairy
cows fed with or without Bergaplus D (2007)
Cows
14
12
10
Control
Bergaplus D
8
6
4
2
0
<45
46～60
60～75
>75
Interval days between the calving and 1st AI （d）
Interval days between calving and
1st AI (d)
<45d
46～60d
60～75d
>75d
No-estrous
Cow no.s ( %), control
2 (9.09%)
3 (13.64%)
3 (13.64%)
1 (4.55%)
13 (59.09%)
Cows No. (%), Bergaplus D
1 (4.76%)
4 (19.04%)
13 (61.90%)
0 (0%)
3 (14.29%)
Targets of supplementing B’Plus –D and T 300
BergaPlus –D
Normal Fat
Powder
Long calving interval, low
conception, unobvious estrous
reproductive disorders
Frequently
observed
Less often
observed
Metabolic disorders，ketosis，
high somatic cell count ， placental
retention, milk fever, metritis，
mastitis
Frequently
observed
Less often
observed
DMI, milk yield, milk fat content,
milk protein content
All to be
increased
--
DMI, milk yield, milk fat content
--
To be
increased
Dairy farms and herds
Benefits from feeding Bergaplus D & Bergafat T 300
BergaPlus –D
SFA
Daily milk yields
Increase 1.5 - 2.5 kg
Increase 1.0 - 2.0 kg
Milk yield of whole lactation
Increase 350 - 600 kg
Increase 200 - 500 kg
Milk fat percent
Increase 0.15 - 0.30
Increase 0.10 - 0.20
Milk protein percent
Increase 0.05 - 0.15
No change /slight
increase
Somatic cell nos.
Significant deduction
Deduction
Conception rate in 120 days
after calving
Significant increase
Increase
calving interval days
Shorten by > 10 days
Shorten by > 5 days
Metabolic disorder
Significant decrease
Decrease
Feeding 250 g /day during
1st 120 days of lactation
Recommendations
Dry period
Transition
-21
Dose (g/day)
Bergaplus D
Normal Fat
Powder
240
120
0
Transition
Middle lactation
Early and peak Lactation
Early & peak lactation
Middle Lactation
100-150
200-500
--
--
--
200-500
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