Transcript Resin Lifetime

Resin lifetime
By François de Dardel
RESIN LIFETIME:
HOW LONG WILL MY RESIN LAST ?
• Question 1 :
How long can I keep
my resin before
changing it ?
• Question 2 :
What resin life does
R&H guarantee ?
• Answer :
Many parameters
influence resin life
© 2009 Dow Water & Process Solutions
Lifetime 2
LIFETIME Factors
Factors influencing lifetime
•
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Type of process
• Fluidised
• Resin transfers (MBs, CPP)
• Continuous ion exchange
Suspended solids
Specific flow rate
Frequency of regeneration
Oxidants
Foulants
Temperature
© 2009 Dow Water & Process Solutions
Type of stress
Mechanical
Mechanical
Mechanical
Osmotic
Chemical
Chemical
Thermal
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PHYSICAL STABILITY
External forces
Internal forces
purely mechanical
osmotic
Osmotic >> mechanical forces (by 10 to 100 times)
© 2009 Dow Water & Process Solutions
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MECHANICAL STABILITY
Breaking weight test
(Chatillon test)
Is a simple, straightforward test
Measuring the force under which
an individual bead breaks (60
beads)
But meaningless
It does not reflect operating
conditions of resin
© 2009 Dow Water & Process Solutions
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BREAKING WEIGHT TEST
Results
2000
© 2009 Dow Water & Process Solutions
1500
Chatillon test
1000
Long bars are better
500
IRC86
200 H
252 Na
IR120 Na
IRA900 Cl
4400 Cl
0
IRA402 Cl
Even a resin with a
low breaking weight
value can perform
perfectly in fixed beds.
Some Amberlite
IRA402 have been
used for more than 10
years without total
replacement.
g/bead
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OSMOTIC STABILITY
Results of cycling
(H2SO4 — NaOH) test
No correlation with
breaking weight test !
60
50
% broken
40
Acid - Base Cycling
30
Short bars are better
20
© 2009 Dow Water & Process Solutions
10
IRC86
200 H
252 Na
IR120 Na
IRA900 Cl
4400 Cl
0
IRA402 Cl
Note: IRC86 does not break
in its normal operation
(H —> Ca exchange),
but should not be used
for neutralising NaOH
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OSMOTIC STABILITY
Volume variation vs. ionic form (1)
100
180
100
92
100
113
100
80 ml
100
WAC
H+
Na+
IRC86
SAC
H+
WBA
Na+
IR120
© 2009 Dow Water & Process Solutions
FB
HCl
IRA96
SBA
OH—
Cl—
IRA402
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OSMOTIC STABILITY
Volume variation vs. ionic form (2)
Variation
in volume SAC
is due to
change in
hydration
of active
WAC
group
WBA
H
H O H
H
O
H
H+ O
H
O
H H O H
H
SO3-
R
H
O
+
SO3- Na
R
R
O
C - H+
O
R
C
CH2
H
H
© 2009 Dow Water & Process Solutions
R
N
O
CH3
H
O
H
+
Na O
-H
H
O
O
H
O
H H
+ 80 % !
CH3
CH3
R
-8%
O H
H
H
O
H
CH2
N
+
CH3
H
H
O
H
H
O
H
+ 25 %
H
Cl O
H
O
H H
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OSMOTIC STABILITY
Volume variation vs concentration
100
Variation in
volume is here
a pure
osmotic effect
(dehydration)
6%
Amberjet 4400 OH—
in H2O
© 2009 Dow Water & Process Solutions
94
Amberjet 4400 OH—
in 4% NaOH
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CHEMICAL STABILITY
OXIDATION
Cl2, O3, O2
+ worsening factors such as
• metals ( catalyse oxidation )
• temperature ( accelerates reaction )
Matrix breaks down
resin swells and gets soft
More DVB = better resistance
(macroporous resins are better)
© 2009 Dow Water & Process Solutions
Maximum acceptable chlorine
( in conventional applications )
IRC86
1
mg/L
HP336
0.1 mg/L
IR120
0.2 mg/L
Amberjet 1200 0.2 mg/L
Amberjet 1500 0.3 mg/L
Ambersep 200 0.5 mg/L
IRA402
0.1 mg/L
Amberjet 4400 0.15 mg/L
IRA96
0.05 mg/L
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CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION
FOULING
• All resins
• Oil, grease
• Bacteria, algae
• Cation resins
• Na exchange: Fe, Mn
• H exchange: CaSO4 in case of H2SO4 regeneration
• Anion resins
• Organics, silica
© 2009 Dow Water & Process Solutions
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ORGANIC FOULING
of Anion Resins
Resistance to fouling
• Type 1 poor
• high affinity for organics
• difficult to regenerate
• thus high tendency to fouling
• Type 2 better
Natural organics
foul Anion resins
• better regenerability
• thus less easily fouled
• Acrylic good
• aliphatic structure
• no Van der Waals attraction
• good elution of organics
© 2009 Dow Water & Process Solutions
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FOULING INDEX
N =
Organics (ppm of KMnO4)
Total anions ( meq/L)
Resin
A’Jet 4200
A’Jet 4600
IRA402
IRA410
IRA458
IRA478
IRA900
IRA910
IRA96
IRA67
© 2009 Dow Water & Process Solutions
N max
4
6
4
6
15
15
6
10
12
20
N measures the
fouling risk of the water.
The table shows the value
under which a given resin
can be used safely
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MAXIMUM ORGANIC LOAD
Recommended maximum load per cycle
in g/LR as KMnO4
Amberjet
Amberlite
4200
4400
4600
9000
IRA402
IRA410
IRA900
IRA458
IRA478
IRA92
IRA96
IRA67
© 2009 Dow Water & Process Solutions
max. g/LR
2
1
4
3
8
10
10
12
25
Organic load is the
quantity of organics
passing through the
resin bed
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REMOVAL OF ORGANICS
Resins do remove organics from water; however,
resins are not designed for that purpose.
No guarantee can be given for % removal.
Approximate figures :Organic removal
WBA
40 to 70 %
SBA
• Styrenic gel
20 to 60 %
• Styrenic MR
50 to 100 %
• Acrylic gel
40 to 80 %
• Acrylic MR
60 to 100 %
© 2009 Dow Water & Process Solutions
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ELUTION OF ORGANICS
Approximate figures :Elution
• WBA
• SBA
• Type 1
• Type 2
• Acrylic
50 to 100 %
30 to 70 %
60 to 95 %
90 to 100 %
Fouling =
Accumulation of
organics when elution
(during regeneration) is
less than 100%
Treatment for fouled resins:
• Alkaline brine
• 10 % NaCl + 2 % NaOH
• Hydrochloric acid
• 10 % hot HCl
© 2009 Dow Water & Process Solutions
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TEMPERATURE STABILITY
• Frost: no measurable effect down to - 40°C
• Allow resin to thaw at 10 to 30°C
• Heat: cation OK up to 100°C
• Beware of oxidants / metals can catalyse reaction
• Heat: anion resins are sensitive
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•
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•
•
•
WBA styrenic up to 60 °C
WBA acrylic
up to 35 °C
SBA type 1
up to 60 °C
SBA type 2
up to 30 °C
SBA acrylic
up to 35 °C
(higher temperatures possible in certain special applications)
© 2009 Dow Water & Process Solutions
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TEMPERATURE STABILITY
Hofmann’s degradation reaction
• example shown: type 1 SBA resin :
• effect is worse with type 2
CH3
CH3
+
R
CH2
N
CH3
CH3
Hea
t
R
OH
CH2
N
WBA
+
CH3
CH3 OH
SBA
CH3
R
CH2 OH
All
capacity
gone !
© 2009 Dow Water & Process Solutions
+ CH3
N
CH3
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CONCLUSION
Nobody knows the date of resin death.... but
Follow all recommendations,
this will guarantee long life to your resins.
© 2009 Dow Water & Process Solutions
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