Transcript Notes

Ch. 14 The Coming of War
Dictators and War
• Explain how dictators and militaristic
regimes arose in several countries in
the 1930’s
• Summarize the actions taken by
aggressive regimes in Europe and Asia
• Analyze the responses of Britain,
France, and the United States to the
aggressive regimes
Dictators and War
• Key Terms and People (p. 436)
• Totalitarianism
• Joseph Stalin
• Benito Mussolini
• Adolf Hitler
• Anti-Semitic
• Spanish Civil War
• Appeasement
• Anschluss
• Munich Pact
Bitter Peace Unravels
Soviet
Union
Italy
Germany
Japan
• Nations were unhappy
about Treaty of
Versailles settlement
• U.S. had a real say in most
decisions
• Germany/Russia were not
present
• Italy/Japan expected more
land for their sacrifices
• Repressive dictatorship/
totalitarianism
STALIN
• Soviet Union—Lenin
became first communist
leader—followed by
Joseph Stalin
• Transformed USSR into
industrial power and
formed state-run
collective farms—death
of over 10 million people
(Great Terror)
• Combination of fear and
massive propaganda
kept Stalin in power
MUSSOLINI
• Italian totalitarianism was a
•
•
•
•
direct result of WWI/peace
treaties
Did not get land they
wanted/postwar economic
depression made it hard to
find jobs
Gov’t seemed weak/inept
Fasci de Combattimento
• Black Shirts—followers
• Il Duce—the leader
• Promised to make the
Mediterranean a Great
Italian Lake
Outlawed political parties,
took over press, created
secret police, organized youth
groups, suppressed strikes
THE NAZIS RISE
Summary
As economic depression
and resentment over the
Versailles Treaty grew,
Germany’s weak Weimar
Republic was slowly
weakening and the NAZI
party was strengthening.
The leader, Adolf Hitler
and his book, Mein Kampf
outlined the reasons for
the deteriorating state of
Germany and how to go
about fixing those
problems.
• Weimar Republic
• National Socialist German
•
•
•
•
Workers’ Party
Adolf Hitler--Fuhrer
Mein Kampf— “my struggle”
Anti-Semitic
Presented a blueprint of his
hatreds and plans for world
domination
HITLER SEIZES POWER
• Hitler was appointed
chancellor in 1933
• Eventually became
president and
consolidated his
power and ruled
unchecked by the
Reichstag (Parliament)
• Secret police,
controlled press,
controlled educationalsystem
MILITARISTS GAIN POWER IN JAPAN
• 1920’s—democracy
spread, reduced
power of military
• Great Depression
discredited civilian
leaders
• Expansion in Asia
would solve
economic troubles
• Constitutional
monarchy--emperor
Japanese Expand Their Empire
• Japan attacked
Manchuria (China)
• Controlled
domestic/foreign
policies and natural
resources
• Controlled major
Chinese railroads
and coastal areas
• “Rape of Nanjing”
DICTATORS TURN TO AGGRESSION
• Weaknesses of
League of Nations:
• U.S. never joined it
• No army to enforce
• No resolve
• “all talk no action”
HITLER AND MUSSOLINI THREATEN
PEACE
• Why did the League
of Nations fail to halt
German and Italian
aggression?
• The League had no
power to enforce any
laws
• Hitler rebuilt German
economy and
military—violation of
Treaty of Versailles
• Hitler spoke of
expansion
(Lebensraum)—sent
troops into the
Rhineland
• Italy invaded and
took Ethiopia
FIGHTING BREAKS OUT IN SPAIN
• Spanish Civil War
• Nationalists/
fascists vs.
democratic
Republican gov’t
• Hitler/Mussolini sent
aid to nationalist
leader (General
Francisco Franco)
AGGRESSION GOES UNCHECKED
• Summary
• Although the U.S., France,
and GB appeased
Germany to maintain
peaceful relations, many
European dictators took
this opportunity to become
more bold. Once Hitler
took wester
Czechoslovakia, the 3
nations still appeased him
and formed the Munich
Pact which delayed WWII
by 11 months.
• Appeasement
• Effect—spurred fascist
leaders to become more
bold, adventurous, and
aggressive
• U.S. embraced
isolationism
• Anschluss—unifications
of Germany
• Munich Pact
Learning Outcomes
1. Understand the course of the early
years of WWII in Europe.
2. Describe FDR’s foreign policy in the
mid 1930’s and the great debate
between interventionists and
isolationists.
3. Explain how the U.S. became more
involved in the conflict
Key Terms and People p. 443
• Blitzkrieg
• Axis Powers
• Allies
• Winston Churchill
• Neutrality Act of 1939
• Tripartite Act of 1939
• Lend-Lease Act
• Atlantic Charter
War Erupts in Europe
• Leaders of France
and Britain come to
realize that that Hitler
can only be stopped
by firm defense.
• Hitler launches a
blitzkrieg against
Poland
• Nazi-Soviet
Nonaggression Pact
France Falls to the Axis Powers
• Why was it important
for Germany to ensure
Soviet cooperation
before attacking
Poland?
• Axis Powers—
Germany, Italy, Japan
• Allies—Britain, France
• Maginot Line—
interconnected series
of fortresses
• Miracle at Dunkirk—
British troops escaped
to Britain
• Winston Churchill
• Germans took Paris—
Occupied and
Unoccupied France
Battle of Britain Is Fought in the Air
• France fell in 35
days—next up was
Britain
• Operation Sea Lion
• Depended on German
Air Force
• Destroyed houses,
factories, and
churches
• British held—Hitler
postponed invasion
U.S. Isolation vs. Intervention
• What did FDR
think was the
best way to
avoid war w/
Germany?
• Majority of U.S.
opposed intervention
• Great Depression had
nation’s attention
• Neutrality Act 1939
• FDR pro-Allies
• Charles Lindbergh—
leading isolationist
• Tripartite Pact
• Selective Service Act
U.S Takes Steps Towards War
• FDR’s 4 Freedoms
Speech—speech,
worship, want, fear
• U.S sent aid to Britain
• Lend-Lease Act—1776
• Economic declaration of
war against Germany
and Axis
• Atlantic Charter
• Hitler ordered U-boats
to attack American
ships
CH. 14 SECTION 3:
AMERICA ENTERS THE
WAR
Learning Outcomes
• Explain why Japan attacked Pearl
Harbor and describe the attack
itself.
• Outline how the U.S. mobilized for
war after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
• Summarize the course for the war
in the Pacific through the summer
of 1942.
Key Terms and People p. 454
• Hideki Tojo
• Pearl Harbor
• WAC
• Douglas MacArthur
• Bataan Death March
• Battle of Coral Sea
Japan Attacks the U.S.
• America’s presence in
Guam and Philippines
posed a threat to
Japan.
• FDR posed a strict
embargo on Japanese
goods because of
invasion into China.
• Hideki Tojo “the razor”
• Japan was bent on
expansion—U.S. firmly
against it.
Pacific 1941
Pearl Harbor
• What was the
relationship between
the U.S. and Japan
prior to 1941?
• Through trade
• What was the root of
conflict between the
U.S. and Japan?
• Japan’s desire to
expand it’s control
over Asia and the
U.S.’s resistance.
• December 7th, 1941—
“a date which will live
in infamy”
• Over 2,500 people
killed
• Submarine bases and
important fuel supplies
and maintenance
facilities were
unharmed
• 3rd wave of bombers
were cancelled to
avoid a counterstrike
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-fdNYPJXS8
Mobilizing for War
• Soviet Union—Allies
after German
invasion (1941)—left
Americans unsure
• 388 to 1—House
• Unanimous—Senate
• Spirit of patriotism
spread
• Women’s Army
Corps (WAC)
Mobilizing Industry
• American’s industry
started to mobilize in
response to the
Lend-Lease Act
• Gov’t created
agencies that worked
together to allocate
scarce materials
• Massive defense
spending ended the
Great Depression
Fierce Fighting in the Pacific
DATES
EVENTS EARLY WAR
IN PACIFIC
May 1942
The Philippines fall to
the Japanese
• General Douglas
MacArthur
• Japanese took Guam,
Wake Island, and Hong
Kong
• 75,000 Allied soldiers
surrendered—Bataan
Death March
• Japan secured
oil/rubber supplies and
were positioned to
dominate the Indian
Ocean
America Strikes Back
• Tokyo noon air raid
• Surprised Japan
because they didn’t
think U.S. was capable
of attack so soon after
PH
• Battle of Coral Sea—
Japanese moved to
secure New Guinea
• Marked a shift in
momentum toward
Americans