Effects of the American & French Revolution
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Transcript Effects of the American & French Revolution
Effects of the American &
French Revolution
Europe
Latin America
The French Revolution
More fundamental and profound
consequences than the American
Revolution
France = most powerful and populous state
in Europe
Massive social revolution
Creates political consciousness among people
Worldwide impact
Becomes model for future revolutions
Declaration of the Rights of Man—
August 27, 1789
Men are born free and equal
All governments should protect
life, liberty and property.
Liberty is the freedom to do that
which injures no one else;
Law is based on the general will
[not the king’s will]
Rulers answer to the people.
Rights include Freedom of
Speech, Religion and Press.
Liberty
Equality
The notion of individual
human rights
Government in which
the people are
sovereign
The importance of a
representative
assembly
The importance of a
written constitution
The notion of selfdetermination
Freedom to
accumulate property
Equality of rights and civil
liberties
Equality before the law
No special privileges for
the rich
Equality of opportunity
“Careers Open to Talent”
Liberty Leading the People, 1830
Nationalism
The unique cultural identity of a people based
on
common language,
common religion &
Common national symbols.
Napoleon teaches Europe how to rally around
a patriotic cause
Congress of Vienna (1815)
Kings meet to restore the status quo
They restore Europe to approx. 1789 borders,
Agree to support each other & the status quo
Agree to keep balance of power among the states
This WORKED !!! They kept the peace
between themselves for 100 years
But they under-estimated the tidal wave of
political revolution
Toussaint L’Ouveture
Leads a Revolution
in Haiti (1804)
• 100,000 slaves revolt
against the French and WIN
• Haiti becomes the 1st
independent state in Latin
America
South American
Revolutions
By 1800, S.A. is
controlled mostly by
Spain & Portugal
Simon Bolivar and
others lead successful
revolutions
After 35 years, South
America is almost
completely free from
European control
Louisiana
Purchase
(1803)
Napoleon is short
on cash due to war
Napoleon offers to sell all French holdings in
N. America to the U.S. for $15 million (cheap!)
Jefferson agrees & Doubles the size of the US
US now owns land from Atlantic to Pacific.
America will turn this land into wealth and
power – Thank you French Revolution !!!!
War of 1812
England is fighting Napoleon
English military ships begin kidnapping
American merchant sailors as new
“recruits.”
Eventually, U.S. declares war on
England to protect its merchant sailors.
U.S. wins! England stops kicking us
around.
Revolutionary Movements in
Early 19c Europe (1820’s & 30’s)
Fail
Success
France
Spain^
Sicily^
Greece*
Russia
Serbia*
Poland*
Belgium*
Ltd monarch for Bourgeoisie
*These
people arefail
breaking
away
from
rulers that
^These
Revolutions
because
other
European
do not share
a language,
Monarchs
help crush
them. religion
Greece and
and culture
Serbia .
They are
drivenno
byone
Nationalism
trying
create
succeed
because
wants to -help
thetoMuslim
a new Empire
national identity.
Ottoman
Revolutions of Unification
ITALY (1831-1832)
This revolt was an
attempt to unify
northern Italy.
Austrian troops
invade the northern
provinces and the
revolt is suppressed.
GERMANY (1830-33)
Germans upset
restricted freedom.
Metternich especially
frightened by talk of
nationalistic interests
He uses the Congress
system to put the revolt
down.
Both revolutions are an attempt to unify people with
common language, religion and culture
1848
Virtually every Major European country has a
revolution starting with
France
(again !!!!)
(this the Revolution of “Les Mis”)
They oust the king, but have no clear agreement
on how to run a Republic.
All men are given the vote.
1852 – 97% promptly elect Napoleon III as
Emperor.
With the apparent success of this French
Revolution, every rebel in Europe is inspired
25 revolutions and 5 peaceful reform movements
1848 – the Aftermath
Most fail outright, due to help from
neighboring monarchs
Those that succeed are temporary
Like the French Republic, the victors are
ineffective leaders
NOBODY knows how to run a republic!
Soon, every monarchy is back in power.
BUT nothing will ever be the same again
Legacy of the French Revolution
1. People gain a sense of Liberty, Equality and
Nationalism and they are willing to get involved.
2. Latin America is free from European Control
3. America controls most of North America.
4. As long as European Monarchs work together,
they keep the status quo
5. Constitutional monarchy is on the rise and divine
right is disappearing.
6. These failed revolutions left a seething,
unsatisfied working class.
Final score
out of 50 Revolutions
18
32
But the seeds of liberty
have been planted
Submitted for your
consideration
Why, after 65 years and 3 Bloody
Revolutions, did the French public elect
Napoleon III to be emperor?