슬라이드 1 - Hanyang
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Transcript 슬라이드 1 - Hanyang
Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
Edited by Chi Hun, Kim
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Polymeric Materials for Information & Communication
History of LCD
시기
발명자
형태(종류)
1854년
R.C Virchow
농도 전이형 액정 발견
1888년
F. Reinitzer
온도 전이형 액정 발견
1930년
V. Freedericksz
Freedericksz 전이 발견
1962년
Wiiliams
DSM-LCD 특허 출원
1971년
Schadj, Helfrich
TN-LCD
1972년
P. Brody
Activ-Matrix 제안
1980~1983년
N.Clark, S. longerwall, K.Yoshino
강유전성 액정 LCD
1984년
Scheffer, Nehring
STN-LCD
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Liquid Crystal
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Liquid Crystal Disply
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Operation Mechanism ( TN-LCD & STN-LCD )
1) TN-LCD
2) STN-LCD
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Operation Mechanism (TFT-LCD)
3) TFT-LCD
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Structure of LCD
Glass substrate
Color filter
Polarizers
Liquid crystal
Signal lines
Scan line
Transparent common
electrode
Thin film transistor
Transparent display electrode
Glass substrate
Back light
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Process – Color Filter
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Process – TFT
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Process – LCD Panel
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Black Matrix
Role
- Isolation of light source from adjacent pixel
- Effect of increase in contrast
- Prevention of inaccurate operation
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Component - Black Matrix
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Color in LCD
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Color in LCD
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Pigment Type
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Function of Components
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Color Filter Material
구
분
재
료
Binder Polymer
아크릴계 수지 (Copolymer or Terpolymer)
Photoinitiator and Sensitizer
Triazine, I369, DETX
Functional Monome
Polyfunctional Acrylates
Solvents
PGMEA(Methoxypropylacetate)
EEP(Ethyl-3-ethoxypropionate)
Cyclohexanone
Pigments (평균입경 0.15μm이하)
Red: Dianthraquinone(CI Pigment R177)
Green: Halo-Cu-phthalocyanine(CI Pigment G36)
Blue: Cu-phthalocyanine(CI Pigment B15:6)
Yellow: Isoindoline(CI Pigment Y139)
Violet: Dioxazine(CI Pigment V23)
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Over Coat
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PVA Mode
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ITO Etching Margin in PVA Mode
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Over Coat
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Spacer
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Two Types of Spacer
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Two Types of Spacer
It can be expected that the demand of column spacer
increase according to increasing of market of LCD-TV.
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Organic Insulating Layer
Black Matrix type - VGA 60%
Organic insulator - VGA 80 ~ 82%
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Materials of Organic Insulating Layer
• Photosensitive resin
• PAC
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Polarizer
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Structure
Structure of polarizer in LCD
-
PVA (Poly vinyl alcohol)
TAC (Tri-acetyl cellulose)
Protection Film
AR(Anti-reflection)
AG(Anti-Glare)
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Backlight Unit
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BLU : Light Source
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BLU : Optical Sheets & LGP
• Optical Sheets
• LGP
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The Functional of Alignment Layer
• LC Alignment by Rubbed Alignment Layer
• Regulation of LC Movement
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What is Pretilt Angle (θp)?
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Necessity of Pretilt Angle
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Polyimide (Alignment Layer)
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Steric Effect
⇒ 2.4°
⇒ 6.2°
⇒ 13.3°
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Substitution Effect
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Ultra Violet Arrangement
Polysiloxane cinnamate: PSCN
Photo-dimerized monolayer : PDML
6FD-HAB-CI polyimide
Poly(ω(4-chalconyloxy) alkoxyphenylmaleimide)
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Voltage Holding Ratio (VHR)
VHR(%)
PI-1 : 99%
PI-2 : 90%
PI-3 : 80%
PI-4 : 60%
PI-5 : 50%
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Liquid Crystal
Themotropic LC, Lyotropic LC
Nematic, Smectic, Cholesteric, Ferroelectric
Anti-ferroelectric, Discotic, Polymer LC
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Molecula
Molecularstructure
Structureof
ofliquid
Liquidcrystal
Crystalcompounds
Compounds
Central Group
X
X: Lateral Group
CH2 CH2
Linkage
Group
Terminal group
Terminal group(Alkyl, Alkoxy, CN, Halogen atm etc.
Central Groups: Benzene or cyclohexane ring
Lateral Substituted group : H, Halogen atom, CN, OH, NO2etc.)
Linkage Groups: Ester, Ethylene, Methyloxy, Acetylene,
KKU
LCRC
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History of Liquid Crystal Compounds
1972/3
1973
R O/ R
CN
R
CO O
R
CN
CN
: Halle
: BDH
D.D.R
N
1973/4
R O /R
CN
Hoffmann
-La Roche
N
R
CN
R
CN
1976/77
: Merck, F.R.G
R
CN
O
1980
R
CN
: Halle , D.D.R
O
R
C H 2C H 2
CN
1983
Hull, BDH
R
C H 2C H 2
CN
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(R=CnH2n+1, n=3, 5)
R
F
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F
F
Fluorine Substituted Liquid
Crystal Compounds
R
F (R=CnH2n+1, n=2, 3, 5)
F
F
F
R
OCF3 (R=CnH2n+1, n=2, 3, 5)
R
(R=CnH2n+1, n=2, 3, 4, 5, 7)
F
C7H15
F
OCF3
R
(R=CnH2n+1, n=2, 3, 4, 5)
F
F
C7H15
N
F
R
N
(R=CnH2n+1, n=3, 5)
R
F
COO
F
F
(R=CnH2n+1, n=2, 3, 5)
F
F
F
R
F
(R=CnH2n+1, n=2, 3, 5)
R
COO
F
(R=CnH2n+1, n=3, 4, 5)
F
F
OCF3 (R=CnH2n+1, n=2, 3, 5)
R
F
C7H15
N
F
C7H15
N
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Components for Use in Wide Working Range TN Mixtures
R
R'
R
CH
R
CH
2
2
CH
CH
R
R'
R'
2
R
R'
R'
2
R
CH
2
CH
R'
2
Low viscosity
R
R
R'
CH
2
CH
2
R'
F
R
CH
2
CH
R'
2
High clearing point
F
Wide range, low viscosity
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Chiral Liquid Crystal Compound
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Current Materials in TFT-LCD
Item
Function
Materials
Color Filter PR
Full Color
Acrylic Polymer, Pigment
Black Matrix
Pixel
Cr/CrOx, Resin
Liquid Crystal
Light Valve
Organic
Alignment Layer
LC Aligning
Polyimide
Polarizer
Polarization of Light
PVA, TAC, Adhesives
Prism Film
Light Pass
PET film, UV-Curing resin
Retardation Film
Phase Compensation
Polycarbonate, LC film
Substrates
Panel substrate
Glass, Plastic
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New TFT-LCD Technology with (New) Polymer Materials
Target
Application
UV-Alignment Layer
Wide Viewing Angle
- IPS* Mode
- VA** Mode
High Aperture Tech
Polymer Materials
Photopolymers
Photo-Polyacrylates
Polyimides
Brightness Enhancing
- Organic Passivation Layer
- TFT on CF Array (TOC)
Dielectric Polymers
Hybrid Polymers
Flexible Display
Plastic Substrate
Organic TFT
Organic Gate Insulator
Optical Polymers
Conducting Polymers
New Color Technology
Novel PDPR for TV
Ink - Jet Technology
New Polymer Binders
Fast Response Time
TV Application (~6 msec)
New type LC
* : In Plane Switching
** : Vertical Alignment
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Large Area TFT-LCD Market (Quantity)
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Large Area TFT-LCD Market (Revenue)
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Mobile TFT-LCD Applications & Market Size
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Reference
1) Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 1847-1873
2) J. R. Park, G. Ryu, J. Byun, H. Hwang S. T. Kim, and I. Kim, Optical review, 9,
207 (2002)
3) http://smdl.snu.ac.kr/lecture/dis/ybkim/kyb.ppt
4)
Polymer Science and Technology Vol. 15, No. 6, pp.674-682 December 2004
5)
Polymer Science and Technology Vol. 14 No. 2, pp.174-180 April 2003
6) Polymer Science and Technology Vol. 12, No. 3, pp.674-682 June 2001
7) B. O. Myrvold, H. Yokokura, Y. Iwakabe, K. Kondo and S. Ohhara, Japan
display, 827 (1992)
8)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCD
9)
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/L/LCD.html
10) http://web.media.mit.edu/~stefan/liquid-crystals/liquid-crystals.html
11) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_crystal_display
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