Transcript Contents

Environmental Assessment
Category A and B Projects Compared
Robert Crooks
ADFD/WB Project Preparation and Appraisal Workshop Abu Dhabi, April 2010
Environmental Assessment
• Look at examples of Category A & B projects
• Compare the scope of EA and the level of effort
• Use the Category A project to illustrate how the
EA process can be used to have a positive
development impact
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Yemen Public Works III
Key Features from environmental point of view
• Project Cost: $52 million (relatively small to begin with) –
but expanded to $405 million with co-financing
• Location: Project spread over a wide area: in all 20
Governates of the country
• Main Components: The project will invest in basic
infrastructure services in sectors such as health,
education, water supply, waste water, roads, water
harvesting/irrigation and vocational training.
• Scale of individual investments is very small: an
estimated 800 sub-projects with an average investment
cost of $90,000 and a range of $20,000 to $200,000
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Yemen Public Works III
Is this a Category A Project?
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Large scale aquaculture and mariculture (aquaculture in the sea)
Dams and reservoirs
Forestry production projects
Hazardous waste management and disposal
Industrial plants (large-scale) and industrial estates
Irrigation, drainage, and flood control (large-scale)
Land clearance and leveling
Manufacture, transportation, and use of pesticides or other hazardous and/or toxic
materials
Mineral development (including oil and gas)
New construction or major upgrading of highways or rural roads
Port and harbor development
Reclamation and new land development
Resettlement
River basin development, thermal power and hydropower development or expansion
Water supply and wastewater collection, treatment and disposal projects (large-scale)
No in all cases
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Yemen Public Works III
Is this a Category B Project?: Yes but at the lower end
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Agro-industries (small-scale)
Electrical transmission
Energy efficiency and energy conservation
Irrigation and drainage (small-scale)
Protected areas and biodiversity conservation
Rehabilitation or maintenance of highways or rural roads
Rehabilitation or modification of existing industrial facilities
(small-scale)
Renewable energy (other than hydroelectric dams)
Rural electrification
Rural water supply and sanitation
Tourism
Watershed projects (management or rehabilitation)
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Environmental Assessment Screening Criterion
Potential impacts are less adverse than those of
Category A projects
Impacts are site-specific
Few if any impacts are irreversible
Mitigatory measures can be designed more readily
than for Category A projects
Project Characteristics
One measure of this is the monetary value of
individual investments. It is hard to register
significant adverse environmental impacts for
$90,000!!
Most activities are very small scale civil works using
hand labor (projects with high labor requirements
favored in the selection process) and can be
completed very quickly (6-12 months). Impacts will
be very localized, generally due to the small scale
plus the fact that most sub-projects will be in rural
areas (lower population density, lower potential for
adverse “amenity” impacts); impacts will be short
term.
Most impacts will be short term (construction phase
only) although some sub-projects (e.g. irrigation
works) may have longer lasting impacts which could
be described as irreversible or at least, difficult to
reverse.
Lower impact potential generally
means easier measures.
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Yemen Public Works III: EA Approach
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Evaluate range of projects being proposed (there was already a long list of
4,000 project proposals on the table at the time of project preparation)
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Identify range of potential environmental impacts
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Broadly classify sub-projects in terms of environmental impact potential
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Develop environmental pre-screening procedures to environmentally screen
new investment proposals coming into the pipelines
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Develop environmental management procedures to be implemented on
selected types of investments to mitigate adverse environmental impacts
(typical mitigation measures include the provision of adequate hazardous
materials disposal facilities, adequate crosswalks for children, and the early
identification of any potential vector breeding sites—all very simple and of a
type that could easily be incorporated into Standard Operating Procedures in
standard contract documents).
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Develop environmental monitoring procedures
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Define the administrative mechanism to be followed in implementing the
management scheme
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Yemen Public Works III:
Key Elements of Approach
• The approach was simple and easy to implement
• The level of effort was consistent with the
significance of environmental issues to be
encountered (very small scale, localized and
short term)
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China: Yangtze Basin
Water Resources
Development Project
(1995)
A BIG Category A Project
China: Yangtze Basin WRDP
Key Project Features
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Project Cost: $652 million (WB loan/Credit was $174 million)
Six main sub-projects:
Part A – HUBEI Province
• rehabilitation of 270,000 ha of irrigation/drainage works in two schemes – $81.3 million;
• improvement of drainage covering about 60,000 ha—$43 million;
• miscellaneous aquaculture, forestry, grassland/livestock and soil improvement
activities—$50.0 million.
Part B – HUNAN Province
• construction of 50,000 ha new irrigation—$80.3 million
• construction of new multipurpose Dam including resettlement of 16,500 people—$385
million
Part C - Yangtze Flood Forecasting and Warning System
• Flood forecasting and warning system for the Central Yangtze River region—US$12.7
million.
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Is Yangtze Basin WRDP a Category A Project?
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Large scale aquaculture
Dams and reservoirs
Forestry production projects
Hazardous waste management and disposal
Industrial plants (large-scale) and industrial estates
Irrigation, drainage, and flood control (large-scale)
Land clearance and leveling
Manufacture, transportation, and use of pesticides or other hazardous and/or toxic
materials
Mineral development (including oil and gas)
New construction or major upgrading of highways or rural roads
Port and harbor development
Reclamation and new land development
Resettlement
River basin development, thermal power and hydropower development or expansion
Water supply and wastewater collection, treatment and disposal projects (large-scale)
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Yangtze Basin WRDP: Approach To Environmental Assessment
Consultant
Local consultant (Yangtze River Institute of Soils & Water Conservation) in
close collaboration with WB staff
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Scope of EA
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Approach to EMMP
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Full EIA of the entire project but with special attention being paid to the
new dam construction in Part B.
Public consultation was done as part of the EIA preparation (98% of
respondents said they thought the project was a good idea!!).
No social assessment done (this was a 1994 project) although separate
Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) covering 16,000 people was prepared.
Separate EMMPs were prepared for each sub-project.
Each sub-project also had its own project management units (PMU) and
each of these included specific staff to manage and supervise
implementation of the EMMP.
For the dam project, the environmental management unit also
supervised the implementation of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)
under which more than 16,000 people were resettled.
The environmental management unit for the dam employed up to a
maximum of five engineers/scientists during the peak work period.
The environmental management unit was subsequently made a
permanent part of the corporation established to manage both the dam
and the catchment area.
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The Jiangya Dam Sub-Project:
Key Features of the Development
Description
Quantity
Dam
Type
RCC Gravity Dam
Height (tallest in the world)
131 m
Crest length
370 m
Total Storage Capacity
1,855,000 m3
Hydrology
Catchment Area above Dam site
Annual Inflow
Design Flood Discharge (P=0.02%)
371,100 ha.
4,160,000 m3
15,700 m3/s
Reservoir
Total Storage Capacity
Length of reservoir
1,855,000 m3
140 km
Underground Powerhouse
Total Installed Capacity
Design Head
3×100 MW
80 m
Irrigation
Irrigated Area
Drinking Water Supply Capacity
5,700
50,000 persons
Miscellaneous
Excavation quantity
1,138,000 m3
Quantity of RCC
1,100,000 m3
Resettlement
Total Costs
16,159 persons
$385 million
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Layout of Jiangya DAM
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Dam Under Construction
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Power Station Intake Construction
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Key Features of Jiangya EMMP
• New standard of EIA for projects in China
• Project set new standards of housing for
construction workers
• Exceptional measures taken to reduce impacts
on nearby township (road diversion, water
pollution control)
• Promotion of total catchment management
approach leads to establishment of Lishui
Hydropower Corporation to operate the dam and
manage the catchment
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Main Determinants of Success for Jingya EMMP
• Competent, locally-based environmental consultant was credible
with counterpart (Hunan Provincial Water Resources Bureau)
• Counterpart was interested in new concepts of dam design and
management and was open to ideas being pushed by WB team
• Federal government (MWR) was also pushing water sector
innovation which further encouraged counterpart
• Effective administrative approach to environmental management
• Adequate staffing (numbers & expertise) and budget for
environmental management unit
• Exceptional efforts made to communicate with local stakeholders
to minimize conflicts
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