Transcript CHALLENGE OF BRANTAS RIVER BASIN, INDONESIA

CASE STUDY OF IWRM GUIDELINE
CHALLENGE OF BRANTAS RIVER BASIN,
INDONESIA*
by:
Dr. Mochammad Amron **
* PRESENTED TO THE LAUNCHING CEREMONY OF THE GUIDELINE
5TH WORLD WATER FORUM, ISTANBUL, TURKEY
** FIRST ADVISOR TO MINISTER OF PUBLIC WORKS, INDONESIACHAIRMAN OF NETWORK OF ASIAN RIVER BASIN ORGANIZATION
WORLD MAP
OVERVIEW OF THE AREA
Indonesia
ARCHIPELAGO: 17500 Islands
River Basin
: 5590 rivers
River Teritorry : 133 (total)
National : 69
cross boundaries: 5
cross provinces : 27
strategic
: 37
Province : 51
Regency : 13
Description of Brantas River Basin
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Indonesia
East Java
East Java
East
Java
Brantas
River Basin
Active volcanoes :Mt. Kelud & Mt. Semeru
Covers
: 9 regencies
5 municipalities
Basin Area
: 11,800 km2 (25% of E. Java)
Population (2004) :15.5 million (43% of E. Java)
Average Rainfall: 2,000 mm/year
Water Potentials : 12 billion m3/year
River Length
: 320 km
Brantas River Basin
THE BRANTAS CHALLENGES
• as the main source of water for over 6 million
people in 1960 and become 15.5 million in 2004
• the river flows in 9 regencies, 5 municipalities
• fertile deltas provide best place to plants food
crops especially paddy rice
• the second largest city of Indonesia, capital city of
East Java Province Surabaya is located in the
down stream of the river
• industries are also booming: require water supply
•cities and industries also require adequate electricity
that can be supplied from hydroelectric generation
THE BRANTAS CHALLENGES (2)
• as originated from active volcanoes it bears a potential
disaster of volcanic eruption, lava and mudflows
• due to topographic condition where a winding clockwise
watercourse provide unique situation, frequent floods
occurs in the lower parts
• floods and drought occurs annually due to lack of
adequate infrastructure to regulate water
• how to save water during rainy season and release it
during dry season
• In order to serve all aspect of water resources
requires an effective water resources
development and management
• Careful assessment of potential water resources,
disaster reduction, energy generation, has to be
conducted in integral manner,
• A comprehensive multipurpose project through
development of dams and reservoir, river
improvement to provide flood control, irrigation,
power generation, and water supply
• Priority of development has to be set up, community
development at the same time has also be
strengthened,
• Change behavior of the community in the upstream,
middle reach stream, and down stream posses
another big challenges
• Infrastructure
development
requires
investment and long term commitment,
• Coordination
among
sectors,
regions
stakeholder requires strong institution,
huge
and
• Central Government has the major role in
cooperation with local government,
• Special project office had been set up within river
basin boundaries,
• Public involvement, through public consultation,
public awareness and other campaign are among
integral part of activities.
PROJECT COST & COST RECOVERY
CHALLENGES
• Infrastructure requires huge investment and
long term commitment in investment cost
to accomplish series development of infrastructure
• Beneficiaries pay principle, regulation and institutional
structures in collecting revenue has to be set up
• Strong institution that can operate and maintain
series of infrastructure should also been set up
PROCESS AND ACTION
• The Central Government has the major role in
The overall basin development
• Foreign aid mainly form Japan provide assistance
in preparation and project execution
• Initial overall development plan had been prepared
known as Brantas Plan 1958
• Priorities were selected within each development stage
• Brantas development plan committed to:
“One River, One Plan, One Integrated Management”
MASTER
PLAN I
(1961)
WATER
PROBLEMS IN
THE BASIN
MASTER
PLAN II
(1973)
MASTER
PLAN III
(1985)
MASTER
PLAN IV
(1998)
IMPLEMENTATION
(1962 - 1972)
FLOOD
CONTROL
IMPLEMENTATION
(1973 - 1984)
IRRIGATION
IMPLEMENTATION
(1984 - 2000)
IMPLEMENTA
TION
(1999 - 2020)
DOMESTIC &
INDUSTRIAL
WATER SUPPLY
MANAGEMENT &
CONSERVATION OF
WATER RESOURCES
WATER
RESOURCES
OBJECTIVES
Master Plan I
(1961 - 1973)
Master Plan II
(1974 - 1985)
Master Plan III
(1986 - 2000)
Total investment (1960-2001) : 8.6 trillions Rp.
Bening Dam (84)
Gunungsari B. (81)
Waru-Turi B. (92)
New Lengkong B (74)
Selorejo Dam (72)
Menturus R.D (93)
Wonorejo Dam (00)
Jatimlerek R.D (93)
T.Agung Tunnel (91)
Lodoyo Dam (83)
Wlingi Dam (78)
Sutami Dam (72)
Lahor Dam (77)
Sengguruh Dam (88)
WATER RESOURCES INFRASTRUCTURES
• LARGE DAMS:
•Selorejo Dam 1970
•Sutami Dam
1972
• Rubber Dams:
•Lahor Dam
1975
•Gubeng
1990
• Wlingi Dam
1978
•Jatimlerek 1993
•Bening Dam
1984
•Menturus 1993
•Sengguruh Dam 1988
•Wonorejo Dam 2000
• Barrages:
•New Lengkong
1974
•Gunungsari
1981
•Jagir (rehabilitation) 1981
•Lodoyo
1983
•Tulungagung gate 1986
•Wonokromo
1990
•Mrican
1992
Development Benefits
• 47 years since the development
Beneficiaries
Unit
1960
2007
Inundated areas
Flooding every
year (60.000 ha)
- Irrigation
Cropping
Intensity
0.8 x / year
Relatively
none in main
stream
2.2 x / year
(244%)
- Electricity
Million kWh/year
170 a)
1.100
(647%)
- Domestic
Million m3/year
73
b)
288
(395%)
- Industry
Million m3/year
50
c)
153
(306%)
- Flood Control
Note:
a)
Mendalan and Siman HEPP
b)
Ngagel I dan II Domestic Water Treatment Plants
c)
Sugar factories
Utilization of Water in 2007
Electricity = 1.1 billion kWh/year
Irrigation Area= 304,000 ha
(83,000 ha from main stream)
Raw Water for Industries Supply Maintenance Flow = 204 Mm3/year
=153 Mm3/year
And Flood Control 50 years
Return Period = 60,000 ha
Raw Water for Domestic Supply
= 288 Mm3/year
Fisheries = 41 Mm3/year
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
• Law No. 11/1974 Water Resources Development
(Based on 1936 “Water Law”):
•Water resources Development & Management
should be based on River Basin/ Territory
• Law No. 11/1974 had been amanded and become
•Law No 7/2004 concerning Water Resources
• Law 7/2004 provide a more decentralized system
•The Law also regulate beneficiaries pay principle,
Water management fee and basic water rights.
• Only Public Corporation can manage water
resources commercially in a river basin
Legal Basis
Established by Government of Indonesia to manage
Brantas River and its 39 tributaries, according to
Government Regulation No. 5 of 1990. This
regulation was amended by Government Regulation
No. 93 of 1999. Then Presidential Decree No. 129 of
2000 stipulating additional basin of Bengawan Solo
to be managed.
PRESIDENT
NWRC
M of PW
M of State of Enterprise
BAPPENAS
M of HARA
DGWR
NATIONAL
DIRECTORATES
GOVERNOR
GOVERNOR
PROVINCIAL
sec
PWRC
PWRS
PROV.BAPPEDA
BBWS/TEU
RBC/PJT
I
RBC
BWRCs
sec
BWUs
REGENCY AUTONOMOUS REGION
Structural activity
Coordination activity
M OF PW : MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS
M of HARA : MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS & REGIONAL AUTONOMY
DGWR : DIRECTORATE GENERAL PO WATER RESOURCES
NWRC : NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL
BWU : BASIN WATER OPERATION UNIT
PWRC : PROVINCIAL WATER RESOURCES COMMITTEE
BWRC: BASIN WATER RESOURCES COMMITTEE
PWRS : PROVINCIAL WATER RESOURCES SERVICE
DWRS: DISTRICT WATER RESOURCES SERVICE
RBC : RIVER BASIN CORPORATION (PJT –1)
BAPPEDA : PLANNING BOARD
BUPATI
DWRS
UPTD
REGIONAL STRUCTURE FOR
BWRM (BRANTAS)
REGENCY
BAPPEDA
Scope of Water Resources Management
Watershed Management
TERRACING
CHECK DAM
REFORESTATION
Action to preserve
watershed and to
control erosion and
sedimentation in
cooperation with
related agencies
CONSERVATION
CONSERVATION OF BRANTAS ORIGIN
Scope of Water Resources Management
Water Quantity Management
RESERVOIR OPERATION
HEPP
IRRIGATION
INDUSTRY
DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY
Action to provide water
supply for all
stakeholders in fair and
transparent manner
based on water
allocation agreed by
water resources
management committee
Scope of Water Resources Management
Water Quality Management
RATA-2 TAHUNAN KONSENTRASI BOD
Di sepanjang K. Brantas
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===> BO D
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18
12
6
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
K. B r ant as
28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K. Sur ab aya
37
K. M as
Lokasi Pemantauan
SAMPLING
LABORATORY TEST
Th. 1997
Th. 1996
Th. 1995
Th. 1994
Th. 1993
Th. 1991
Th. 1998
Standart M aks
REPORTING RESULTS
Action to increase
water quality
gradually to meet
standard
RAISING PUBLIC AWARENESS
FIELD STUDY
Scope of Water Resources Management
Flood Control
MASTER STATION
WATER LEVEL GAUGING
RAINFALL GAUGING
Action to control
and mitigate flood
in cooperation with
related agencies
CONTROL DAM
MITIGATION
Scope of Water Resources Management
River Environment Management
RIVER TOURISM
RIVER TOURISM
RESERVOIR
TOURISM
Action to maintain
bio-diversity and to
have benefit for sport,
tourism activities etc.
WATER SPORT
RIVER CLEANING
Scope of Water Resources Management
Water Resources Infrastructure Management
RESERVOIR DREDGING
RIVER DREDGING
RIVETMENT REHABILITATION
Action to maintain
functions of
infrastructures to
meet its lifetime
REHABILITATION OF TUNNEL
REHABILITATION OF WEIR
INSTITUTIONAL SET UP
• Provincial Water Resources Committee
• Basin Water Resources Committee
• Provincial Water Resources Services
• Basin Water Operation Unit (under province)
• Brantas Technical Executing Unit
(under central government)
• Jasa Tirta Public Corporattion
LESSON LEARNT
AS KEY’S FOR SUCCESS
• Within one river basin should have a clear and
comprehensive development and management plan
•A consistent policy with political support to provide
enough financial support to plan, develop and manage
river basin
• Stages of development is necessary since water
resources development requires a huge investment
• Operation and Maintenance costs are also another
burden. Beneficiaries pay principle should be applied
LESSON LEARNT (2)
• Legal framework to provide support and legal basis
for activities has to be set up
•A strong institutions to carry out activities as regulatory
body, operational bodies and/or developers
is necessary
•A committee or Water Council where representative
of stakeholder could meet as water parliament
is important
• Public involvement and awareness to support of
activities is one of the key success of development
• A continuing effort to improve regulation, institutions,
development is necessary
Thank you very much