Transcript Management Information Systems

Management Information
Systems
MBA (II) Final Semester
Lectures 4,5,6
Course Lecturer: Farhan Mir
Lecture 4,5,6
Systems & Models
(Concepts & Case Studies)
Lecture Administration
• Review from first week
• Questions regarding task 1
• Systems
– Definitions
– Examples
• Models
– Need for Models
– Types
• Case Studies
– Caulfield Outback Tours
– Terrorism Information System
Review from Week 1
• Information Systems
– “An organized combination of people, hardware,
software, networks and data resources that collect,
transforms, and disseminates information in the
organization.”
James O’Brien (1998).
• Management Information Systems
– Above definition plus…..Systems that provide people
with information relating to organizational operation, to
support their Decision-Making activities
– Two Crucial Activities
• Information Management
• Management Reporting
Understanding the nature of information
unstructured
,
uninformed
facts
Data
Information is
a difference
that makes a
difference
Information
To conceive of
knowledge as a collection
of information seems to
rob the concept of all of
its life... Knowledge
resides in the user and not
in the collection. It is how
the user reacts to a
collection of information
that matters
(Experience)
Knowledge
Various Information Systems
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TPS (Transaction Processing Systems)
MIS (Management Information Systems)
MRS (Management Reporting Systems)
DSS (Decision Support Systems)
EIS (Executive Information Systems)
SIS (Strategic Information Systems)
KMS (Knowledge Management Systems)
OIS (Office Information Systems)
IS in Organizations
IS Perspectives & Goals
• IS Perspectives
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Operational activities
Management support
KM
Networking and e-activities
• Objectives & Goals
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Operational Efficiency
Functional Effectiveness
Customer Service
Product Creation & Enhancement
Competitive Advantage
Communication and Networking
Control & Feedback
Contemporary Issues
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IS Theory seems to be still in evolution
People/Management a trouble area
Keeping yourself updated (choice of technologies)
Investment Analysis for IS
Interaction between IT and other functional areas
Career Development
For us as Academic participants (Teachers &
Students)
– Controversial area of study (Hype another factor)
– Still the most demanded course in field of IT
• Have a look at some debates:
– http://www.csc.com/features/2001/21.shtml
– http://www.csc.com/features/2002/22.shtml
Other Challenges
• The challenge of IS planning
• The challenge of time required for successful
organizational learning about IT limits the
practical speed of change
• The challenge of managing disruptive
technologies (e.g. the Internet)
• The challenge of developing competencies for
harnessing IT
• The challenge of remaining ethical
• The challenge of information security
Counter Strategies
• ??????????? (More Questions than answers)
• Circumstances might change from situation to
situation and organization to organization
• Continuous search for better IS options
• Knowledge about IS issues/strategies is more
crucial than having the latest technology
• Recommendations
– Analysis of the IS decisions will require same care and
deep thinking as done for other business and functional
problems/situations
– Project Management
Systems
• A system is made up of a number
of parts combined in a particular
way to do something useful. We
think of the combined parts as a
single thing and we give it a name.
Wheels, axles, pedals, gears, chain, seat and
handlebars are combined to form a single whole
we call a bicycle. A bike is a system when all the
parts are connected correctly because it allows
the rider to move from one place to another
more easily.
Systems
• Systematic
– Words like “Arrangements, Coordination”
– Objectives of Systems (clear definition, optimization)
• What is a System?
– Interrelated Elements that collectively work to achieve
a common goal
– Physical Elements
– Logical constitution
– System Environment (internal Vs. external influences)
• Types
– Open Vs. Closed
• For a look at a simple system, go through the link:
– http://www.geog.ouc.bc.ca/physgeog/contents/4b.html
Systems…..
• Examples
– Universities
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Departments
Staff
Courses
Hostels etc.
Environment
Logical Arrangements
– Class Room
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Whiteboard
Chairs, Tables
Technologies (projectors)
Teachers
Students
Non-physical Things (Guess what could be?)
System Models
• What is a Model?
– Presentation of real world elements and the relationship
among them
– Porter’s five forces Model, Management level’s Model
etc.
• Why we need Models
• Types (General Vs Specific)
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Graphical
Mathematical
Narrative
Physical
• Examples
– Organization’s general model
– Strategic Planning Models
– DSS (utilizing models & modeling techniques)
Case Study 1
• Caulfield Outback Tours
– Australian Company that arranges tours throughout
Australian Outback
– Started as a small company with restricted assets and
few Location Options.
– Gradually expanded it’s operations and now arranging
tours for multiple locations with expended facilities
– The target customers are basically Students from
Universities (especially Monash Uni. Caulfield
Campus)
Case Study 2
• Terrorism Information System
– Program to detect, classify and identify Foreign
terrorism in US
– Eventually support timely action in case of terrorism
attacks
– In case of an event, “Analysis support” to detect past
patterns for a similar attach
– Policy Making for Future course of action
– Have a look at Web for further details:
http://www.darpa.mil/iao/TIASystems.htm
Conclusion & Recommendations
• Organization need to develop Systematic
Approach
– To Clearly identify related components and influences
– Rearrange components and their relationship to achieve
maximum optimization
• Models are useful way to
– Express complex systems
– Both qualitative and quantitative modeling tools help in
better understanding about general and specific
situations
– System Models often utilized to represent the complete
picture (the “whole situation”)
– System Development one clear example
– Decision systems often requires modeling support
Another Case
• Systems interact with each
other and work in
collaboration to achieve
overall effectiveness, have a
look at an Airport system and
supporting subsystems:
References
• Charles Parker, Thomas Case. (2000). “Management Information
Systems: Action & Strategy”. (2nd Ed). Chapter 3
• Geographical Systems: Systems and the dynamics of their
components. Web: http://www.geog.ouc.bc.ca/physgeog/contents/4b.html
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Terrorism Information System: Terrorism Information Awareness
Program Web: http://www.darpa.mil/iao/TIASystems.htm