Transcript IM 313 Work study - Thammasat University

Productivity = Output
Input
Productivity is a Measure of Performance
Individual -- Group -- Organization --
Nation
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Profitability
Quality of Work life
Effectiveness
Innovation
Efficiency
Utilization
Cycle time
Productivity
Quality
Sink et al. (1984)
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As a manager, what
needs to know ?
Objectives -- Goals
Method -- Path
Achievement
Are we really up here?
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Historical comparison
Compared with a base year (Index)
Compared with competitors
Compared with some certain standards
Benchmarking
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Perspectives of productivity
 Narrow
Perspective
 Broad
Perspective
Input ??
Process
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 Partial Productivity
 Multi Factor Productivity
 Normative Performance
 Multi Criteria Performance
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Productivity = Output
Input
Labor Productivity
Capital Productivity
“Capital-labor substitution”
VS
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Consider all output & input at the same time
and Convert things to price-based unit
Two models
• Total Productivity
• Total Factor Productivity
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Total Productivity =
Total tangible outputs
Total tangible inputs
• Define & Calculate Inputs
• Define & Calculate Outputs
• Develop data collection system
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Total Productivity =
Total tangible outputs
Total tangible inputs
Outputs = Finished goods + WIP + All incomes
(such as interests, dividends, rents, etc.)
Inputs = Capitals (fixed & working)
+ Materials + Energy + Human
+ Other expenses
VS
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Work Sheet for Output / Input Collections
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Total Factor Productivity =
Total Value Added
Total Factor Input
• Output is total gain from operation
• Value Added = Net sales - Cost of good sold
- Outsource services
• Value Added = Net profit + Salary + Retained earning
+ Interest + Tax + Rent + Depreciation
VS
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Quality Cost Delivery for customers
Ethics Environment
for everyone
Safety Morale
for employee
สถาบันเพิม่ ผลผลิตแห่ งชาติ : QCDSMEE
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Broad view
Structured group process
Delphi Technique
VS
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• Aggregate various measures created by
Normative approach in an integrated
fashion
• Develop a new scale (Index)
• For example: Objectives Matrix,
Balanced Scorecard
VS
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Construction Steps
• Determine all possible measures
• Rate the importance of measures
• Develop overall Performance Index
Output is a Family of Measures
(a weighted index of performance)
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Objectives Matrix by Carl G. Thor
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Accountant
Cook
Student
Lecturer
Home Service
Delivery Boy
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Select the right model
Dimensions for classification
TD1: Unit of Analysis
TD2: Time Frame for Measurement
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MA
Ind.
Firm
MF
MF
MF
Plant
MF
MF
MF
Dept
MC
MC MC
MC
Group
MC
MC MC
MC
Indv’l
WM WM
Min Hrs Days Wk Mth Qtr Year
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