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SustainableEngineering@Edinburgh Group 10: Sustainable Housing By: David Brownstein (0784847); Freddie Brice (0784420); Steven Burton(0674182); Sarah Campbell (0792721) Andrew Carson (0791271) Angus Corsar (0786254); Stephen Donaldson (0791517) IMS3 Sustainability Module, March 2010 Introduction: A need for change Existing Housing Stock •Changing climate •62% of housing was built before 1965 •Depleting fuel stocks. •Retrofitting and upgrading is primary focus •Increasing Population •Shelter is a necessity •Housing uses 25% of UK’s energy •A catalyst for low carbon lifestyles Economic: Incentives •Home Energy Saving Programme •The Warm Front Scheme •Energy Performance Certificates •Pay As You Save •Boiler Scrappage Scheme •Feed-In-Tariff Scheme Eco Homes: A catalyst for a sustainable future Passive •Airtightness •Passive Ventilation •Solar technologies (i.e. passive solar gain) •Insulation and super insulation •Building construction materials and thermal mass Active •Ventilation and heat recovery •Renewable energy add-ons (e.g. wind turbines) Retrofitting Advantages Disadvantages •Good Materials •Inefficient •Good Workmanship •Difficult and costly to upgrade •More sustainable to upgrade than replace Drivers & Barriers •Planning Restrictions •PV Cells •Solar water heating •Wind Power •Hydro Power •Short Rotation Coppice •Bio Fuels •Geothermal Heating •Draught Proofing •Ventilation •Insulation Finance Consultant Risk aversion Supplier Lock-in to existing house building process Reliance on suppliers Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Developer Network Bounded rational Industrial Groups Skill gap Lock-in to existing house building process CSR Lack of persuasive info. Research & Development Network Regulations Competition & market demand Split incentives and unrecoverable costs Available Public Funding Inadequate reinforcement of regulations Lack of persuasive info. Uncertainty and conflicts in regulation & planning process Public Authority Workforce House Buyers Politics: Codes & Ratings •BRE –BREEAM/Code for Sustainable Homes •USGBC – LEED •No European Standards •Accreditation system grading houses according to sustainability •Aim to Reduce CO2, energy and water usage •More sustainable living •Each has minimum requirements Key References CSR Societal Groups •Cook, M. G. (2009) Energy Efficiency in Old Houses. •Hall, K. 2005. The Green Building Bible •Communities and Local Government, “The Code for Sustainable Homes” (2008) •Ko, J., and Fenner, R. 2007. Adoption of Energy Efficient innovations in new UK housing •Energy Saving Trust [Online] •2010. LowEnergyHouse.com [online]