Transcript VARČNE HIŠE – PASIVNE HIŠE Nika Jutraž

ENERGY EFFICIENCY PLANS
IN SLOVENIA
by Nika Jutraž &
Slovenian Comenius group
Vižmarje Brod
Primary School
SITUATION IN SLOVENIA
Slovenian government has offered financial assistance
(subventions) and co-financing for alternative ways of heating
homes, that is, for energy efficient ways of heating.
Energy efficient houses are passive houses. Therefore such
financial assistance has been offered for constructing such a
house.
So let us introduce you to our study on passive houses.
WHAT IS A PASSIVE HOUSE?
Passive house is energy-efficient
construction, it is construction of the
future. The concept of the passive
house represents the highest energy
standards.
The passive house and very good lowenergy house offer maximum comfort
and minimal costs of energy.
In economical house the costs of
construction are 10 – 15% higher, costs
of living are 75 – 80% lower as in usual
house.
The passive house is well insulated and
air-tight building. It is mainly heated by
passive solar gain and by internal gains
from people, electrical equipment, etc.
Energy losses are minimized.
Kinds of energy economic houses
• USUAL HOUSE (energy consumption is more than 70
kW/m2 per year)
• ENERGY STANDARD BUILDING HOUSE
• ECONOMIC HOUSE
• LOW-ENERGY HOUSE
• PASSIVE HOUSE
• NO-ENERGY HOUSE
• PLUS ENERGY HOUSE
• ENERGY INDEPENDENT (SELF-SUFFICIENT) HOUSE
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN USUAL AND ECONOMIC
HOUSE
Economic
houses
are
carefully
designed, well insulated, maximize airtight, with as few as possible thermal
bridges. For heating they use
renewable energy from environment.
Each "spare", "bio" and "eco" material
must be properly installed and it must
combine with other materials.
The criterion of economy is the annual
primary energy consumption per square
meter. If usual house uses up to 10-25 l
of oil on square meter annually, then
economic house uses up to 3-5 l and
passive house less than 1,5 l per year.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN USUAL AND ECONOMIC
HOUSE
USUAL HOUSE
ECONOMIC HOUSE
CONSUMPTION 10 – 25 L OF OIL /
YEAR
m2
PER
CONSUMPTION 3 – 5 L OF OIL / m2 PER
YEAR
THERMAL BRIDGES
- balconies insulated badly or
uninsulated, connected with
construction - formation of thermal
bridges
- the house has extensions, dormer
windows ...
- balconies hanged, separated from
the construction
- the house is designed very simple,
the outside surface of the walls is
as small as possible according to
the volume of the interior
AIR TIGHTNESS
- slots between the bricks are not
tight
- contact between the wall and
windows is bad
- windows and front door don’t
tight
- quality realisation of construction
provides the required degree of air
tight
- super-insulated doors and windows
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN USUAL AND ECONOMIC
HOUSE
THERMAL LOSSES
- airing by opening windows,
- forced ventilation (always fresh air)
warmth is being lost
- insulating envelope of the building is
- insulating envelope of the building correct, loss of warmth is minimal
is too small
THERMAL PROFITS
- no
- the energy of sun is exploited with
large windows on southern side and
fewer windows on northern side
SOURCES OF PRIMARY ENERGY
- it uses primary energy (gas,
petroleum)
- beside electricity it uses renewable
sources of energy (sun, air, water, land)
WAY OF HEATING
- heating with radiators
- heating with heat pumps
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN USUAL AND ECONOMIC
HOUSE
USUAL HOUSE
ECONOMIC HOUSE
cistern for oil/ gas
no
stove for oil/ gas or solid-fuel stove
heat pump, solar collectors
chimney
no
radiators
floor/ ceiling/ wall heating
air conditioning
no / cooling through the heating
system
no
ventilation system (use of waste heat)
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN USUAL AND ECONOMIC
HOUSE
USUAL HOUSE
ECONOMIC HOUSE
usual windows
well insulated windows
usual front door
well insulated front door
windows can be anywhere
maximum window areas are on
southern side, as little as possible on
northern side
orientation of house is not important
orientation of house to south
a thin layer of insulation against the
ground, round outside walls and on
roof
thicker layer of insulation
PASSIVE HOUSE CONCEPTS AND STANDARDS
PASSIVE HOUSE
The Passive house is not an energy
performance
standard,
but
a
concept to achive highest thermal
comfort conditions on low total
costs. Passive houses do not
require active heating system. In
winter a comfortable temperature is
achieved without a special system
for central heating and in summer
without air-conditioning systems.
Passive house is only low energy
building. In passive house we can
live as in any normal house. Higher
living standards are provided with
technical improvements in good
thermal insulation and in-house
technique.
The building is situated of its axis and
follows the daily movement of the sun,
Heliotrope, Freiburg, Germany
PASSIVE HOUSE
HEAT RECOVERY OF PASSIVE HOUSE
HEAT LOSSES
The building is losing heat in two ways:

•
•
through the envelope,
with ventillation (the exchange of air between the
building and the surrounding area through the
windows and through the gaps).
HEAT GAINS
Heat gains are very important and they are from
various sources:
the solar radiation through the windows (so
called passive solar energy), the energy of the
electricity supply, which is converted into "internal
heat sources" in the building. This adds to the
heat radiated from persons inside the building.
HEAT LOSSES
=
HEAT GAINS
MAJOR FEATURES OF ARCHITECTURE DESIGN
•
ORIENTATION
The correct orientation of the building allows yield of
solar radiation. In summer the south facade is shined
less than the east and west facade, but in winter the
south facade is shined more than east and west
facade. South facade is much more suitable for the
use of solar energy.
•
SAVING OF SOLAR ENERGY
In the building the heat is stored in order to use it later, when solar irradiation is no
available. Because of this the need of heat is reduced.
MAJOR FEATURES OF ARCHITECTURE DESIGN
•
FORM OF BUILDING
In a passive house it is very important that the external surfaces are in
relation to the volume of the building as little as possible. The relationship
between surface area and volume is expressed by form factor, which should
be close to 1.00, this is when the object is compact and simple. Especially
favorable factor has the building with square and round forms.
MAJOR FEATURES OF ARCHITECTURE DESIGN
•
•
TECHNOLOGY OF CONSTRUCTION
For the construction of passive houses they mainly use solid and lightweight
construction. The most widespread method of construction is masiv construction
from block of brick, brick block, filled with perlit and block from the light concrete.
Outside insulation must be thick enough. The most frequently used material is
wood.
THERMAL INSULATION
Thickness of thermal insulation depends on the composition of the wall and is
25-40 cm. It is very important that thermal-insulative layer goes on continuously
all around the house and overlaps frames of windows and doors, which are
also the thermal insulation.
EXAMPLES OF ECONOMIC AND PASSIVE HOUSES
SOURCES AND REFERENCES:
• http://www.passiv.de/
• http://www.pasivna-hisa.com/
• http://live.pege.org/2005-plus-energyvillage/
• Delo, annex Delo in dom, 24.09.2008