Transcript Mountain Pine Beetle

During the
months
ofbark
Julyand
andinto
August
the
Females
go
through
cambial
Females emit pheromones to attract male and
When
Female
fully
makes
grown
egg
the
gallery
larvae
hollow
and
places
out
a
eggs
pupal
in
adult
pine
beetles
emerge.
Male
They
and
form
Female
individual
mate
feeding
under
tunnels
the
bark
These
new
Larvae
adults
dig
hatch
out
in
and
7-10
the
days
cycle
repeats
area
of tree
female
Pine Beetles
cell
niches
and pupate
 Endemic: in natural state
 Pine Beetles exist in…
 damaged trees
 lightening storms
 the presence of the
Armillaria root rot
 time of a recent attack
by bark beetles.
 Incipient: Rising
Population
 In times of draught
 Epidemic: Widely
Prevalent
 Large availability of
Phloem
 Healthy trees are
attacked
 Declining: Population
decreases
 fail to locate a host tree
 tree may exude enough
resin to inhibit the larval
development
 Predators
 woodpeckers
 Enoclerus lecontei
 Enoclerus sphegus
 Temnochila chlorodia
 Medetera aldrichii
 Parasites

Lingering cold periods
The Mountain Pine
Beetle
Lodgepole Pine
 Cold temperature
 Forest Fires
 Elevation
 Lightening Storms
 Fire
 Draught
 Insecticides
 Lack of Fires
 Soil Quality
 Lack of Nitrogen
 Elevation
 Healthy Trees
 Predators:
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Enoclerus lecontei
Enoclerus sphegus
Medetera aldrichii
Temnochila chlorodia
Woodpeckers- break through bark and eat larvae
 Parasites
 Roptrocerus xylophagorum
 Dinotiscus burkei
 Coeloides sp. nr. brunneri
 Lack of Phloem: Phloem is a living tissue that carries
photosynthate to all parts of the plant
 Pine Beetles feed on this
 Mountain Pine Beetles
 Deforestation
 Bluestain fungi
 Weevil
 Spruce spider mite
 Lodgepole sawfly
 Lodgepole Needle miner
 Sugar Pine Tortrix
 Pine Tube Moth
 Pandora Moth
 Dwarf Mistletoe
 While developing, their niche is individual cells filled
with frass.
 Frass: digested plant matter
 In adult stages: niche is the cambial layer of the Pine
Tree which is filled with egg galleries made for
offspring
 Lodgepole Pines are usually found at an elevation
between 8,500 and 10,000 feet in the mountains.
 Mountain Pine Beetles are native to this area
 All native and introduced pines are susceptible
 Likely to be harmed by a specific thing
 Become next years infection source
 Signs:
 Pitch Tubes or Small Holes
 Boring Dust
 Brown, Pink, Yellow, and White
 Popcorn shaped, Pitch Tubes
 On trunk where tunnel begins
 Boring Dust
 In Bark crevices
 Evidence of Wood Pecker
 Patches of bark are removed
 Foliage
 Yellowish to Reddish
 8 to 10 months after attack
 Presence of Live Mountain Pine Beetle
 Blue Stained Sap wood
 Increase in elevation comes a decrease in
temperature and an increase in precipitation
 Rocky Mountains in West and Plains in East, Foothills between the
two
 Climate Change in 100 Years:
Rising Temperatures
Increased precipitation
Altered surface water flow
Warmed faster than the U.S. average
Temperature increases at higher and lower altitudes
Further in future likely to see higher temperatures and more
precipitation
 Water resources to become less secure
 Summer and Winter Temps. to increase by 5 degrees
 Fall and Spring Temps to increase by 3 degrees
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 Colorado State Forest Service (CSFS)
 Provides forestry recommendations
 Implementation assistance
 Private land owners
 Communities
 CSFS Nursery Seedling Tree Program
 Tree planting
 Benefit the environment
 Management:
 Burning, burying, chipping or removing infested logs
 Solar treatments
 Peel away bark by hand or mechanically
 Chemical controls
 Climate
 Extreme cold temperatures reduce population
 Temperature of 30 degrees below zero for five days
 Temperature influences everything in their life
 Number of Eggs
 Importance of Forests in Colorado:
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Photosynthesis
Remove Co2 from atmosphere and store it in organic compounds (biomass)
Help to stabilize earth’s temperature
Slow global warming
Habitat for Colorado’s wildlife
 Impact of Mountain Pine Beetle Eruption:
 Economy
 Trees Destroyed
 Halts production of timber
 Money to kill beetles
 Ecology
 Destroys Habitats
 http://csfs.colostate.edu/pages/mountain-pine-beetle.html
 http://learnmoreaboutclimate.colorado.edu/uploads/model-
lessons/mountain-pine-beetles/mpb.pdf
 http://www.fs.fed.us/ccrc/topics/bark-beetles.shtml
 http://ext.nrs.wsu.edu/forestryext/foresthealth/notes/mountainbeetle.htm
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http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/fhm/bugcrud/silvmpb.htm
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/epidemic
http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/fidls/we_pine_beetle/wpb.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phloem
http://www.barkbeetles.org/mountain/mpb.html
http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/projects/virtdept/ipvft/lodgep.html
http://www.na.fs.fed.us/pubs/silvics_manual/Volume_1/pinus/contort
a.htm