Mountain Pine Beetle
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Transcript Mountain Pine Beetle
During the
months
ofbark
Julyand
andinto
August
the
Females
go
through
cambial
Females emit pheromones to attract male and
When
Female
fully
makes
grown
egg
the
gallery
larvae
hollow
and
places
out
a
eggs
pupal
in
adult
pine
beetles
emerge.
Male
They
and
form
Female
individual
mate
feeding
under
tunnels
the
bark
These
new
Larvae
adults
dig
hatch
out
in
and
7-10
the
days
cycle
repeats
area
of tree
female
Pine Beetles
cell
niches
and pupate
Endemic: in natural state
Pine Beetles exist in…
damaged trees
lightening storms
the presence of the
Armillaria root rot
time of a recent attack
by bark beetles.
Incipient: Rising
Population
In times of draught
Epidemic: Widely
Prevalent
Large availability of
Phloem
Healthy trees are
attacked
Declining: Population
decreases
fail to locate a host tree
tree may exude enough
resin to inhibit the larval
development
Predators
woodpeckers
Enoclerus lecontei
Enoclerus sphegus
Temnochila chlorodia
Medetera aldrichii
Parasites
Lingering cold periods
The Mountain Pine
Beetle
Lodgepole Pine
Cold temperature
Forest Fires
Elevation
Lightening Storms
Fire
Draught
Insecticides
Lack of Fires
Soil Quality
Lack of Nitrogen
Elevation
Healthy Trees
Predators:
Enoclerus lecontei
Enoclerus sphegus
Medetera aldrichii
Temnochila chlorodia
Woodpeckers- break through bark and eat larvae
Parasites
Roptrocerus xylophagorum
Dinotiscus burkei
Coeloides sp. nr. brunneri
Lack of Phloem: Phloem is a living tissue that carries
photosynthate to all parts of the plant
Pine Beetles feed on this
Mountain Pine Beetles
Deforestation
Bluestain fungi
Weevil
Spruce spider mite
Lodgepole sawfly
Lodgepole Needle miner
Sugar Pine Tortrix
Pine Tube Moth
Pandora Moth
Dwarf Mistletoe
While developing, their niche is individual cells filled
with frass.
Frass: digested plant matter
In adult stages: niche is the cambial layer of the Pine
Tree which is filled with egg galleries made for
offspring
Lodgepole Pines are usually found at an elevation
between 8,500 and 10,000 feet in the mountains.
Mountain Pine Beetles are native to this area
All native and introduced pines are susceptible
Likely to be harmed by a specific thing
Become next years infection source
Signs:
Pitch Tubes or Small Holes
Boring Dust
Brown, Pink, Yellow, and White
Popcorn shaped, Pitch Tubes
On trunk where tunnel begins
Boring Dust
In Bark crevices
Evidence of Wood Pecker
Patches of bark are removed
Foliage
Yellowish to Reddish
8 to 10 months after attack
Presence of Live Mountain Pine Beetle
Blue Stained Sap wood
Increase in elevation comes a decrease in
temperature and an increase in precipitation
Rocky Mountains in West and Plains in East, Foothills between the
two
Climate Change in 100 Years:
Rising Temperatures
Increased precipitation
Altered surface water flow
Warmed faster than the U.S. average
Temperature increases at higher and lower altitudes
Further in future likely to see higher temperatures and more
precipitation
Water resources to become less secure
Summer and Winter Temps. to increase by 5 degrees
Fall and Spring Temps to increase by 3 degrees
Colorado State Forest Service (CSFS)
Provides forestry recommendations
Implementation assistance
Private land owners
Communities
CSFS Nursery Seedling Tree Program
Tree planting
Benefit the environment
Management:
Burning, burying, chipping or removing infested logs
Solar treatments
Peel away bark by hand or mechanically
Chemical controls
Climate
Extreme cold temperatures reduce population
Temperature of 30 degrees below zero for five days
Temperature influences everything in their life
Number of Eggs
Importance of Forests in Colorado:
Photosynthesis
Remove Co2 from atmosphere and store it in organic compounds (biomass)
Help to stabilize earth’s temperature
Slow global warming
Habitat for Colorado’s wildlife
Impact of Mountain Pine Beetle Eruption:
Economy
Trees Destroyed
Halts production of timber
Money to kill beetles
Ecology
Destroys Habitats
http://csfs.colostate.edu/pages/mountain-pine-beetle.html
http://learnmoreaboutclimate.colorado.edu/uploads/model-
lessons/mountain-pine-beetles/mpb.pdf
http://www.fs.fed.us/ccrc/topics/bark-beetles.shtml
http://ext.nrs.wsu.edu/forestryext/foresthealth/notes/mountainbeetle.htm
http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/fhm/bugcrud/silvmpb.htm
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/epidemic
http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/fidls/we_pine_beetle/wpb.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phloem
http://www.barkbeetles.org/mountain/mpb.html
http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/projects/virtdept/ipvft/lodgep.html
http://www.na.fs.fed.us/pubs/silvics_manual/Volume_1/pinus/contort
a.htm