Transcript Energy Efficiency, Wind, Sun, and Geothermal Energy

Energy Efficiency, Wind, Sun, and
Geothermal Energy
CONFERENCE ON “LATIN AMERICA’S
ENERGY FUTURE”
Deborah Bleviss
Energy, Resources and Environment
Program
Johns Hopkins University School of
Advanced International Studies (SAIS)
Latin America’s Energy Mix
Source: OLADE,
2008
Latin America’s Electricity Mix
Source: Meeting
Electricity
Supply/Demand
Balance in Latin
America and the
Caribbean, ESMAP,
September 2010
Sources of Latin America’s GHG
Emissions in Energy Sector
Source: OLADE, 2008
Example of Electricity Energy
Efficiency Activities in LAC--Brazil
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Requirement by national electric utility regulator, ANEEL, that
privatized utilities allocate ~1% of annual revenue to R&D and
energy efficiency
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Half is kept within the utility, with increasing requirement to look at
end-use energy efficiency
Half goes to new institution, CT-Energ (to focus on public good)
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Governed by Board of Directors made of relevant ministries, academia,
private sector
Mandated focus is on:
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Provision of electricity to remote rural areas
Diversification of electricity supply away from large hydro
Development of highly energy efficient technologies with social benefits
Example of Electricity Energy
Efficiency Activities in LAC--Mexico
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Minimum Energy
Efficiency Performance
Standards for Appliances
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Initially covered
refrigerators and freezers,
central air conditioners,
motors; expanded since
Movement to align with
policies of Canada and
U.S.
Energy efficiency labeling
a complementary element
Example of Transport Energy
Efficiency Activities in LAC—Curitiba,
Brazil and Bogotá, Colombia
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Common Features
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Bus Rapid Transit, with trunk lines operating in exclusive lanes
Tariff for public transportation system integrated, meaning that
payment is one time, when first enter system
Substantial pedestrian walking areas, in numerous cases
replacing streets previously used by motorized vehicles
Parking supply limited
Establishment of bike lanes
Planning and oversight provided by municipal entities with
professional and well-qualified staff
Example of Transport Energy Efficiency
Activities in LAC—Differences between
Curitiba and Bogotá
Curitiba
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Land-use regulation maintains
highest density near bus trunk
lines
Intense investment in an urban
infrastructure accessible by
walking or bus—Opera House,
botanical gardens, plazas
Planning agency, IPPUC, now
charged with metropolitan focus
Bogotá
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Private vehicle use
discouraged during peak
traffic hours through “Pico y
Placa” program that limits
private vehicle use
Bus “stations” are integrated
with bike lanes, with
provision made for locking
up bicycles in the stations
“Car-free” day once a year
Curitiba in Photos
Bogotá in Photos
Potential for Wind in LAC
Potential for Solar in LAC
Potential for Geothermal in LAC
Example of Renewables Promotion
Program in Brazil
PROINFA Program
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First Phase: acquiring 3300 MW
of renewables
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1/3 each from wind, small hydro,
biomass
Second Phase: By 2020, goal is
to have 10% of electricity from
these sources
Status:
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First phase was originally to be
completed by the end of 2006,
did not meet target
Problem with access to financing
prompted national bank (BNDES)
to offer more attractive financing
Example of Renewable Promotion
Program in Chile
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Renewable Portfolio Standard: 10%
of electricity generation by 2024 to be
from non-conventional renewable
energy
Supplemented by InvestChile
Program, goal of which is to promote
and attract technology intensive
foreign direct investment into Chile
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Offers services ranging from business
development assistance to assistance
in financing
One of targets is renewable energy
Currently has 133 renewables projects
in portfolio