Transcript The Mogollon, The Anasazi, and The Hohokam

The Mogollon, the Anasazi,
and the Hohokam
Adaptations and Alterations
Made for Survival
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The Mogollon
~1 a.d. – 1450 a.d.
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Mogollon Habitat
• Mountain and desert dwellers
• Gila River Country
• Mimbres River
• San Francisco River
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Mogollon Habitat
Mountain dwellers
Desert dwellers
blm.gov/az
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Mogollon Habitat
Gila River Country
blm.gov/az
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Mogollon Habitat
Mimbres & San Francisco Rivers
nmsu.edu
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How the Mogollon got food and
other goods
• Hunter-Gatherers: bighorn sheep, elk, mule
deer, white-tail deer, antelope, beaver, badger,
jackrabbits, cottontails, turkeys
• Farmers: corn, beans, squash, cotton
• Traders: traded with people from the coast for
shells and pots
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How the Mogollon got food and
other goods
Hunter-Gatherers
blm.gov
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How the Mogollon got food and
other goods
Corn
Farmers
Squash
blog.usa.gov
www.pecad.fas.usda.gov
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How the Mogollon got food and
other goods
Traders
statemuseum.arizona.edu
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Mogollon Artifacts
• spear points
• stone knives
• grinding bones (deer, rabbit, squirrel, gopher,
prairie dog, badger, pronghorn and mountain sheep)
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Mogollon Artifacts
Spear Points, Stone Knives
statemuseum.arizona.edu
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Mogollon Artifacts
Bones
blm.gov
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More Artifacts
• Pottery
Brown or red before 900 a.d.
Mimbres (black on white) in 900 a.d.
• Stone axes ground on 3 sides
• Shell pendants, bone hairpins
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Artifacts
Mimbres Pottery
Blm.gov
statemuseum.arizona.edu
Nps.gov
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Artifacts
Stone Axes
Nps.gov
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Artifacts
Shell Pendants, Hair Pins
statemuseum.arizona.edu
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Mogollon Adaptations and Alterations
1. Totally relied on environment
2. Followed seasons
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Mogollon Adaptations and Alterations
May have left area due to climate
change or drought which would
lead to food shortages
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Mogollon Ruins
Gila Cliff Dwelling
Kinishba Pueblo
Grasshopper
Q Ranch Pueblo
Point of Pines Pueblo
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Mogollon Ruins
Gila Cliff Dwellings
nps.gov
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Mogollon Ruins
Kinishba Pueblo
Nps.gov
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The Anasazi
~100 a.d. - 1300 a.d.
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Anasazi Habitat
Stone architecture
Cliff dwellings or pueblos
Kiva built in center of plaza
-underground
-for ceremonies
-with benches
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Anasazi Habitat
Cliff dwellings or pueblos
nps.gov
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How the Anasazi got food and other goods
Farmers: corn or maize, squash
Hunter-Gatherers: rabbit, deer,
prairie dogs
Basket makers
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How the Anasazi got food and other goods
Farmers
usda.gov
blog.usa.gov
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How the Anasazi got food and other goods
Hunter-Gatherers
blm.gov
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How the Anasazi got food and other goods
Basket Makers
Nps.gov
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Anasazi Artifacts
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Pottery (learned from the
Mogollon)
Squash gourds for water
Baskets
Stone tools – spear, throwing
stick
Digging sticks
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Artifacts
Pottery
Loc.gov
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Artifacts
Squash gourds for water
The gourds used to store
water would have looked
something like this.
Nps.gov
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Anasazi Artifacts
Baskets
Nps.gov
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Anasazi Artifacts
Stone tools
Throwing Sticks
and Spears
Nps.gov
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Anasazi Artifacts
Digging Sticks
Can you imagine
using a stick to dig
a hole to plant a
seed in order to get
food?
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Anasazi Adaptations and
Alterations
1. Carried water from source to
village
2. Built homes in cliffs for protection
from elements and enemies
3. Built homes facing south for heat
in winter
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Anasazi Adaptations and
Alterations
nps.gov
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Anasazi Adaptations and
Alterations
What may have happened to
them?
Drought
Enemies invaded
Internal conflict
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Anasazi Ruins
• Mesa Verde
• Canyon de Chelly
• Kayenta
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Anasazi Ruins
Mesa Verde
usgs.gov
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Anasazi Ruins
Canyon de Chelly
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
nasa.gov
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The Hohokam
~1 a.d. – 1450 a.d.
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Hohokam Habitat
• Sonoran Desert by rivers
• Made homes of ‘jacal’ (adobe)
• Villages built around plaza
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Hohokam Habitat
Hohokam
adobe
dwelling
Nps.gov
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How the Hohokam got food and
other goods
Farmers: corn, beans, cotton, agave,
and squash
Hunter-Gatherers
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How the Hohokam got food and other goods
Farmers
Corn
Cotton
Virginia.gov
usda.gov
Agave
usda.gov
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How the Hohokam got food and other goods
Hunter-Gatherers
Blm.gov
Mo.gov
Rabbits
fws.gov
Prairie
dogs
Deer
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Hohokam artifacts found
Pottery--Red on Buff
Shell ornaments
Stone tools
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Hohokam Artifacts
Pottery – Red on Buff
statemuseum.arizona.edu
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Artifacts
Shell ornaments
statemuseum.arizona.edu
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Artifacts
Stone tools
statemuseum.arizona.edu
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Hohokam Adaptations and Alterations
1. Moved from desert in summer to
foothills, then back to desert in
winter
2. Built over 300 miles of canals to
irrigate crops
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Hohokam Adaptations and Alterations
Canal system--Old and New
waterhistory.org
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Adaptations and Alterations
May have left due to:
drought
floods
climate change
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Hohokam Ruins
Casa Grande
Snaketown
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Hohokam Ruins
Casa Grande
nps.gov
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Hohokam Ruins
Snaketown
statemuseum.arizona.edu
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