Transcript The First New Mexicans

The First New Mexicans
First New Mexicans
◊ Big game Hunters (Clovis and Folsom)
◊ Desert Dwellers (Mogollon and Anasazi)
Migration
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12,000 to 8,000 Years ago
Nomadic Tribes, following herds
of Giant Bison and Mammoth
crossed the land bridge from
Siberia into North America
A Land Bridge was formed when
the Ice Age caused the the sea
level to drop 300 ft.
These nomadic tribes crossed
the land bridge and continued
to spread throughout North and
South America.
Clovis and Folsom Cultures
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Clovis culture is the oldest in
New Mexico.
• Named after a spear point
found near Clovis NM
• Little is known about Clovis
Culture except they were
big game hunters who
hunted Giant mammoth,
Musk Ox, sloth and widehorned ox.
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Folsom Culture
1908 George McJunkin a cowboy
and former slave discovered Bison
Bones in a wash after a hard rain
near Folsom, NM. In the Bone was
a spear point.
1928 Archeologists begin to dig the
site. They found more bones and
more spear points
Using carbon-14 dating scientist
have determined that both cultures
lived around 10,000 BC
Big Game Hunters Out,
Desert Dwellers In
◊ Big Game Hunters continued
to live in NM until the Big
game was gone.
◊ The end of the Ice Age
change NM Climate from a
grassland to desert.
◊ Hunters moved on to the
Great Plains to continue their
nomadic ways hunting
smaller game like buffalo.
◊ Desert Dwellers
• People who stayed behind
moved into western NM.
• 3 Stages of development
1st Stage Desert Dwellers
◊ 8,000 to 5,000 years
ago
◊ Hunted deer,
antelope, rodents;
fished and gathered
seeds, nuts and
berries.
2nd Stage Desert Dwellers
◊ 5,000 to 2,000 Years ago.
◊ Incorporated farming into
life style after noticing that
seeds left behind in a certain
place had grown into plants
the following year.
◊ Continued to move around
but intentionally left seed
behind so ther would be
food when they came back
the next Year
Basket and Milling Stone
◊ Desert Dwellers
used baskets to
gather, store, and
even cook food
◊ Milling Stones were
used to grind seeds
into flour.
Sedentary Desert Dwellers
Mogollon and Anasazi
Mogollon
◊ As early as 3,000 BC
ancestors of the
Mogollon began
growing corn.
◊ By 300 BC mogollon
became true farmers
growing corn, squash,
and beans.
◊ The culture reached its
peak about AD 500.
Anasazi
◊ “The Ancient Ones”
or “enemies of our
ancestors”
◊ Developed more
slowly than
Mogollon.
Early Anasazi
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AD 1 - 500
Basketmakers (no pottery)
Used Atlatl (for Hunting)
Domesticated Dogs
Modified Basketmaker Anasazi
◊ AD 500-700
◊ Began Farming corn,
squash, and beans.
◊ Lived in Pit houses
◊ Pottery
◊ Bow and Arrow
Anasazi Pueblo Culture
◊ AD 700-1050
◊ Begin to build rows of adobe houses above ground
sometimes in the shape of an L or U
◊ At the center was a Kiva or religious center.
◊ Matrilineal Culture
◊ Polish skills in pottery making.
◊ Weaving cotton to make summer clothing
◊ Cradle boards = flat head. Within a few generations
the physical appearance of Anasazi changed as a
result of the cradle board.
The Golden Age of the
Anasazi
◊ AD 1050-1300
◊ Became the dominant culture of the area.
◊ Used stone masonry to build multistoried
Buildings.
◊ Cliff Dwellings
◊ Complex water control systems and roads
What Happened?
◊ Anasazi culture abruptly ends about AD
1300.
◊ 1276 drought hit the area
◊ Wars with neighboring tribes
◊ Civil war
◊ Anasazi assimilated into nearby Pueblo
tribes.