MarineLINE

(Siloxirane) Coating for Ships Engaged in the Carriage of Edible Oils and Chemicals Presented to FOSFA International

August 10, 2004 By Donald J. Keehan

MarineLINE

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Cargo Versatility - Can Carry Virtually All IMO Cargoes

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Carry More Cargoes than Stainless Steel

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Clean Tanks Faster than Stainless Steel Tanks or Other types of Coated Tanks

MarineLINE

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Resists More Chemicals than Stainless Steel and Other Coatings Resistance to 131 Most Carried Chemical Cargoes

MarineLINE

Market Limitations Prior to MarineLine

Problems with Zinc Silicate Coatings

• Absorbs Cargo Quickly • Retains Oil Like Cargoes • Subsequent Cargo Contamination • Limit Back Hauling Capability Not Resistant to Acids, Caustics, and Acid Containing Oils and Urea

MarineLINE

Market Limitations Prior to MarineLine

Problems with Phenolic Epoxy Coating

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Absorbs Cargoes to High Levels (depending on cargo)

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Absorbs Cargo Relatively Slowly Releases Absorbed Cargo Very Slowly Small Traces May be Retained Subsequent Cargo Contamination

MarineLINE

Limitation of Epoxy Coatings

The greater the distance between crosslinks the greater the permeation causing chemical attack and absorption

Epoxies 3-dimensional screen-like structure when polymerized

Epoxies used in coatings have Two (2) Functional Groups per molecule giving Four (4) Crosslinks

MarineLINE

Higher Functionality Produces Higher Crosslink Density...

Giving:

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Higher Chemical Resistance

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Higher Temperature Resistance

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Resistance to Permeation (absorption) 28 Functionality vs. Epoxy 2 Functionality in same area: 784 crosslinks vs. 4 crosslinks

MarineLINE

MarineLine vs. Phenol Epoxy Epoxy’s Open Screen Structure MarineLine 784’s Closed Screen Structure

MarineLINE

The Technology behind Easier Cleaning

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MarineLINE is approximately 3 times smoother than Phenol Epoxies and over 4 Times smoother than Stainless Steel (as confirmed by Independent Laboratory)

MarineLINE

Phenol Epoxy Stainless Steel Ra 0.7 - 0.9

Ra 1.8 - 2.1

Ra 3.2 - 4.5

MarineLINE

The Technology Behind Easier Cleaning Surface Energy / Surface Tension MarineLINE is Over 40 Times More Slippery than Stainless Steel and almost 5 times Slipperier than Phenol Epoxies Material Stainless Steel * Copper * Phenol Epoxy Water * MarineLine Teflon * Dynes / cm 1800.0 1160.0 142.0 Surface Energy is measured in Dynes/cm 73.0 34.0 18.5 * Source: N.K. Adams The Physics and Chemistry of Surfaces

MarineLINE

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Chemical Resistance

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Non Absorbent Qualities

Verified

Independent Test Certified by Members of International Association of Classification Societies (IACS)

MarineLINE

MarineLine vs. Phenolic Epoxy • % Absorption After 45 Days Immersion • Days Recovery (Desorption) with Ventilation @ 30°C Test by Independent Testing Laboratory

MarineLINE

MarineLine vs. Phenolic Epoxy Test by Independent Testing Laboratory

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% Absorption after 45 days

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Days Recovery (Desorption) with Ventilation at 30 o C.

MarineLINE

MarineLine vs. Phenolic Epoxy

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% Absorption after 45 days

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Days Recovery (Desorption) with Ventilation at 30 o C.

Test by Independent Testing Laboratory

MarineLINE

Laboratorio Chimico Merceologico Genoa, Italy, Dr. R. Cosulich All Tests Witnessed and Certified by DNV Italy and RINA Test Protocol:

1) 3 Steel Boxes Coated With MarineLine and Bottoms Reinforced With Fiberglass Impregnated With MarineLine Resin - Boxes Blasted and Coated Inside Cargo Tanks of M/T Joran - Boxes Cured in Oven at 80 °C for 6 Hours

MarineLINE

Laboratorio Chimico Merceologico Genoa, Italy, Dr. R. Cosulich All Tests Witnessed and Certified by DNV Italy and RINA

2) Each Box Was Loaded With a Chemical for 30 Days.

Chemicals Tested: • 80% Acetic Acid • Methanol • Ethylene Dichloride • Virgin Naphtha • 50% Phosphoric Acid • 96% Sulfuric Acid • Caustic Soda • Premium Gasoline

MarineLINE

Laboratorio Chimico Merceologico Genoa, Italy, Dr. R. Cosulich All Tests Witnessed and Certified by DNV Italy and RINA

3) After 30 Days, the Boxes Were Emptied. Coated and Lined Surfaces Were Checked for Chemical Attack.

4) Each Chemical Was Checked for Contamination From Previous Chemical or MarineLine Coating.

5) Boxes Were Washed With Salt and Fresh Water Before Loading With Next Chemical.

6) MarineLine Coating Was Washed With Methanol & Analyzed for Chemical Residual.

MarineLINE

Product Purity (Non-Contamination) Before & After 30 day Immersion

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Purity Before Purity After 0 50% Phosphoric Acid 50% Caustic Acid

Test Certified by DNV and RINA

80% Acetic Acid 96% Sulphuric Acid

Product Tested

Ethylene Dichloride (EDC) Virgin Naptha Premium Gasoline

MarineLINE

Wall Wash Methanol Analysis (non-absorption) Before and After 30 Day Immersion

100 80 60 40 20 0 50% Phosphoric Acid 50% Caustic Acid 80% Acetic Acid

Purity % Before

96% Sulphuric Acid

Purity % After

Ethylene Dichloride (EDC) Virgin Naptha Premium Gasoline

Test Certified by DNV and RINA

Methanol

MarineLINE Siloxirane Coating

Approved for Food and Potable Water

MarineLINE Siloxirane Coating

MarineLINE

Tanker Operators Statements Aurora Tanker’s M/T “Selendang Sari” "

It was found that conventional intensive cleaning methods used for Zinc and Epoxy coated tanks does not have much effect on MarineLine coating.

MarineLine coated tanks can be cleaned quicker in the same way as cleaning stainless steel tanks. Rust remover and caustic based detergents used to spray and scrub were used to scrub and remove dried up patches of sulphur after Sulphured Gas Oil last cargo. After this simple cleaning the tank can be made ready for methanol and MEG (methanol wall wash standard) cargoes quickly." Capt. Ramu Naidu

MarineLINE

Tanker Operators Statements “M/T “Coralwater” changes cargoes on weekly basis. As an example ships 5 P/S had 7 different cargoes over 7 week period. Sequence of cargoes, spent caustic, nitrobenzene, epichlorohydrin, acryonitrile, EDC, analine, and formaldehyde. Prior to unloading sample of each cargo was taken for test and verification on non-contamination. After each unloading tanks were washed with hot salt water, followed by fresh water wash. Tanks were certified clean by methanol wall wash test prior to loading next cargo.

Over 5 year period M/T “Coralwater” has never had a cargo contamination claim. Ship has carried over 400 different cargoes.

Our MarineLine coated ships clean easier and faster than our older stainless steel ships.”

Mr. Jan Slooter, MD Clearwater Group

MarineLINE

Herning’s MarineLine coated M/T “Serra Theresa” is carrying French Cognac to Ukraine and Ethyl Alcohol on return voyages.

MarineLINE

Over 50 MarineLine coated ships operating since 1994 without a contamination claim Additional 60 tankers contracted for MarineLine coating by 2007

Thank You.

For Complete Chemical Listing see MarineLINE Resistance also on this CD (Excel ‘97 format)

For Additional Information Please Contact: Advanced Polymer Coatings, LLC Avon, Ohio 44011 U.S.A.

Phone: (+01) 440-937-6218 Fax: (+01) 440-937-5046 email: [email protected]