Transcript 슬라이드 1
Basic Knowledge about PT 1. What should be guaranteed? • • • • • Acceptance Psychological Safety Congruence Empathic Understanding Trust in Therapeutic Process • Trust in Therapist • Continuity • Freedom of Expression • Medium of Expression • Exploration of Symbolic Expression • Multiplicity of Perspective • The Therapeutic Use of Significant Others 2. Special Consideration for Children with Special Needs • • • • • • Supportive Prompt (+Directive Form) Functional Support Preference and Strength Mediation Evidence-Based Scaffolding Clear and Positive Communication Comprehensive & Multidisciplinary Therapy 3. Play Therapy Module Conscious Express feeling, thought, behavior Non-directive Directive Primarily follows child’s direction Therapist more active, directive Conscious Plays in symbolic, metaphorical manner 4. Selecting Play Materials • Safe & child's developmental level and therapeutic needs in real life • Emotional and creative expression • Expressive and exploratory play (with/without verbalization) • Biological and psychological development in all areas • Motivation-inducing and internal reinforcing • Experience of success without prescribed structure • Engagement in children’s interests and its expansion 5. Play Theme & Materials (Kottman, 2001a) • Family/nurturing materials (building and esploring relationship) • Scary toys (dealing with fears) • Aggressive toys (dealing with anger, control, and protection) • Expressive toys (expressing feelings, problem solving, or gaining mastery) • Pretend/fantasy materials (expressing feelings, acting out scenes from their lives, and problem solving) 6. Basic List of Play Materials (Landreth, 2002) • Crayons (8-count box), newsprint, blunt scissors, nursing bottle (plastic), rubber knife, doll, clay or PlayDoh, dart gun, handcuffs, toy soldiers (20-count size is sufficient), two play dishes and cups (plastic or tin), spoons (avoid forks because of sharp points), small airplane, small car, Lone Ranger-type mask, Nerf ball (a rubber ball bounces too much), bendable Gumby (nondescript figure), Popsicle sticks, pipe cleaners, cotton rope, telephone, aggressive hand puppet (alligator, wolf, or dragon), bendable doll family, doll house furniture (at least bedroom, kitchen, and bathroom), a small cardboard box with rooms marked on the bottom (cut door in one side and window in another; doubles as storage container for toys), transparent tape, costume jewelry 7. Fit Child’s & Therapeutic Needs • Balloons, kaleidoscope, yo-yo, marbles, jacks set, Koosh ball, and a Velcro/felt catching glove and ball • Playing cards, Legos, and smaller travel versions of simple games. • Colored blocks, colored bead games, peg board games, and simple puzzles. • Finger puppets and a small fold-up dollhouse with family figures 8. Therapeutic Limit Helps 1. Physical and emotional security of the child 2. Physical well-being of the therapist and promote acceptance of the child 3. Attention, decision making, self-control, selfresponsibility 4. Reality and emphasize the here and now. 5. Consistency in the playroom environment 6. Professional, ethical, & socially acceptable relationship. 7. Protection of the play therapy materials and room 9. Why Inappropriate Behaviors Occurs Continuously? • Accidental Reinforcement of Inappropriate Behavior -Coercive Process -Child whines in his/her over-preference -Whines for toy -Therapist gives in • Increasingly Strong Willed -Reinforcement trap -Little attention to positive behavior -Inconsistency of response to behavior problems over time -Peer (and adult) modeling of inappropriate behavior -Lack of adequate rest -Inappropriate task level 10. Six Levels of Play Motivation • • • • • • Self-regulation and interest in the world Intimacy Two-way communication Complex Communication Emotional Ideas Emotional Thinking