Water Quality/ Water & Waste Treatment

Transcript Water Quality/ Water & Waste Treatment

1/5/04

CEE 4803

Engineering and the Environment F04 MWF 2-3 L1205 ES&T

Catalog Description (CEE 2300)

Credit Hours: 3-0-3 Prerequisites: CHEM1310, PHYS2211, MATH1502 Introductory course in environmental engineering focusing on physical, chemical and biological processes governing the fate of contaminants in air, water and soil.

Educational Objectives

The course is intended to introduce freshman and sophomore-level students to the field of environmental engineering. Fundamental physical, chemical and biological principles are utilized to explain processes controlling the fate and distribution of contaminants in air, water and soil. Throughout the course, the impact of human activities and engineering decisions on environmental systems is emphasized, as well as the many political and economic constraints that must be considered during any decision process. Topics include: (1) global carbon cycle, population and energy (2) global warming, acid rain and urban ozone (3) distribution of contaminants in air-water-soil systems (4) fate and transport of organic contaminants (5) biological principles, microbial growth and nutrient cycles (6) bioremediation of organic contaminants

Instructors

Ted Russell 3210 ES&T 404-894-3079 [email protected]

h.edu

Frank Loeffler 3228 ES&T 404-894-0279 frank.loeffler@ce.

gatech.edu

S. Pavlostathis 3204 ES&T 404-894-9367 Spyros.pavlostathis

@ce.gatech.edu

Module 1: Air Quality Engineering and the Environment Module 2: Microbiology and the Environment Module 3: Water Quality Engineering and the Environment Aug. 16 – Sept. 20 Sept. 22 – Oct. 27 Oct. 29 – Dec. 3 • Office hours by appointment

Teaching Assistant

• Rosa Krajmaljik-Brown, EnvE Ph.D. Candidate • [email protected]

• Office hours: Thursdays 11-12 in Ford ES&T 3229

Materials

• No textbook • Handouts • Class web page https://courses.ce.gatech.edu/200408/ CEE4803A

Grading

• Exam 1 – Module 1 • Exam 2 – Module 2 • Final (12/10 11:30) – Module 1 1/6 – Module 2 – Module 3 1/6 2/3 • Homework • Class Participation 25% 25% 40% 10% -10 to +10%

Homework

• Several homework sets will be assigned during the semester. You may work alone or in groups to complete the homework assignments, but you should solve each problem. If you do work in groups, write the names of the people you worked with at the top of the homework set. Homework will be collected at the beginning of class on the day that it is due. No homework assignments will be accepted late unless a prior arrangement has been made with the instructor.

Class Participation

• Class participation as well as attendance are taken very seriously and will account for 10% of the final grade. If you do not attend class regularly and participate in class, your course grade will be impacted.

Honor Code

Students in this class are expected to abide by the Georgia Tech Honor Code and to avoid any instances of academic misconduct, including but not limited to: 1. Use of cell phones during class. Place cell phones in your bag and turn them off.

2. Possessing, using, or exchanging improperly acquired written or oral information in the preparation of homework, class project, and exams.

3. Use of material that is wholly or substantially identical to that created or written by another individual or group.

4. False claims of performance or work that have been submitted by a student.

Please see the Georgia Tech Honor Code for further information at http://www.honor.gatech.edu/

Exams

The only electronic devices allowed in class during exams are calculators. No PDA’s , cell phones or computers should be brought on exam days. Presence of such devices will result in a zero on the exam.

Module 1

Air Quality Engineering and the Environment

Instructor – Ted Russell

• background – mechanical engineering (WSU, Caltech) – CMU – civil and environmental engineering • Atmospheric pollutant dynamics, pollution control, policy analysis – Air pollution physics and chemistry – Computer modeling – Economic optimization of controls – Relationship between air quality and health

Topics

Module 1: Air Quality Engineering and the Environment

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 class 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 day topic W policy, health, and environment F population growth M carbon cycle and the atmosphere W energy consumption F combustion – W runaway chemical rxn F recitation M global warming W global warming F acid rain – M urban smog W urban smog F recitation M review W exam reading The Tragedy of the Commons Population and Economic Growth Energy from Fossil Fuels Bhopal Industrial Accident The Atmosphere: … (pp. 499-515) Acid Deposition (pp. 343-366) Photochemical Smog (pp. 366-380)

Environmental Concerns

• What are the greatest environmental threats right now?

– Short term vs. long term – Risks to • Humans • Environment – See US EPA (1987) “Unfinished Business”

Engineering, Risk and the Environment

• Engineers must deal with risk, particularly when dealing with environmental issues • Our actions will impact people and our environment – We do not know, perfectly, how that impact will be manifested • We need to be able to deal with and communicate risk – We actually deal with it every day • What is the $ value of a human life?

• What is the value of our environment?

Valuations

• Human life – M&M (syllabus) experiment – How fast you drive – More classical methods • Surveys, willingness to pay, job choice, lost production • See – Ken’s choice • Environment – Willingness to pay, etc.

http://www.uno.edu/geology/Easley/Essays/Risk Analysis.html

, http://abcnews.go.com/sections/science/WhosC ounting/paulos990901.html

How fast you drive

• Difference between driving 55 vs. 65 – In 70’s reducing speed limit reduced deaths by 9000/yr – Approximately 6x10 11 highways miles/yr traveled on – Takes ~ 0.0028 hrs longer to go one mile – Average pay about $22/hr – (6x10 11 miles /9000 lives)*(2.8x10

-3 hours/mi*$22/hr)= $4,000,000/life

Some example costs of Regulation

•

RegulationCost of saving one life

• Auto passive restraint/seat belt standards • Aircraft seat cushion flammability standard • Alcohol and drug control standards

(US $.)

100,000 400,000 400,000 • Auto side door support standards • Tier II Standards 800,000 1,000,000 • Trenching and excavation standards • Asbestos occupational exposure limit • Haz. waste listing for petrol. refining sludge 27,600,000 • Atrazine/Alachlor drinking water standard 8,300,000 92,069,700,000 • Haz waste listing for wood pres. chem. 1,500,000 5,700,000,000,000 • From http://pw2.netcom.com/~drpauls/value.html

: Tier II from US EPA.

Env. Economics

• Interesting article on Market-based approaches to cleaning up the environment: – http://www.rff.org/rff/Documents/RFF-Resources-151 Marketapproaches.pdf

– Read for Wednesday!

Reading Handouts

• • • • • • • • • “The Tragedy of the Commons,” Garrett Hardin, from:

Science

, 1968, vol. 162, pp. 1243-1248.

“Population and Economic Growth,” Gary W. Heinke,

Environmental Science and Engineering

, 2nd edition, 1996, chapter 2, pp. 14-45.

“Energy from Fossil Fuels,” Bernard J. Nebel and Richard T. Wright,

Environmental Science

, 7th edition, 2000, chapter 13, pp. 309-330.

“Bhopal Industrial Accident, 10 pages.

“The Atmosphere: Climate, Climate Change, and Ozone Depletion,” Bernard J. Nebel and Richard T. Wright,