Transcript Slide 1
THE MASS: Its Ancient Roots Part Ia: Holy Meals:
Shabbat, Matzah, and Pesch
1234 BC 2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100
Developments during this Era
Food stuffs and animals (Cain and Abel) together become a forum for remembrance and strength among a People formed by their God, Yahweh. The earliest forum or meal recalls the Sabbath. It is the shabbat meal; the night before the day of rest for the Jews.
Yahweh prepares to save the Jews from prolonged captivity in Egypt and promise them a safe haven in the Promised Land. They are to recall both the event celebrating their deliverance, being Passed Over, and their journey, the Exodus.
The Jewish Shabbat Meal
Date
:
Place
:
Time
:
Attending
: Every Shabbat at Sundown on Friday In every Jewish home No later than 18 minutes before sundown Families
Preparation
: Leviticus 23:3 commands the Jews to "do no manner of work" on the Shabbat, Shabbat is primarily a day of rest and spiritual enrichment. The word "Shabbat" comes from the root
Shin-Bet-Tav
, meaning to cease, to end, or to rest.
Environment
: Two Shabbat candles are lit and a blessing is recited . This ritual, performed by the woman of the house, officially marks the beginning of the Shabbat. The candles represent the two commandments
: zachor
(to remember: the creation of the world in Ex. 20:11) and
shamor
(to observe: the deliverance from slavery in Egypt in Deut. 5:15). Shabbat night dinner is usually the most festive and tasty of the week. There are no particular specifications as to what can be served, except for the usual rules of kosher which refers to traditional Jewish fare and avoidance of those that are prohibited (e.g., pork, shell fish, etc.).
The First of the Jewish Sacred Meals
Biblical Origin of the Sabbath Meal
Shabbes
, "rest" or "cessation") is the seventh day of the Jewish week and a day of rest in Judaism. Shabbat is observed from a few minutes before sunset on Friday evening until a few minutes after the appearance of three stars in the sky on Saturday night. The exact times, therefore, differ from week to week and from place to place, depending on the time of sunset at each location. In polar areas where there is no sunrise or sunset at certain times of the year, a different set of rules applies.
Shabbat recalls the Biblical Creation account in Genesis, describing God creating the Heavens and the Earth in six days and resting on the seventh. It also recalls the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai when God commanded the Israelite nation
to observe the seventh day and keep it holy
.
Shabbat is considered a festive day, when a Jew is freed from the regular labors of everyday life, can contemplate the spiritual aspects of life, and can spend time with family. Traditionally, three festive meals are eaten: on Friday night, Saturday morning, and late Saturday afternoon. The day is also noted for those activities prohibited on Shabbat according to Jewish law.
Shabbat is given special status as a holy day at the very beginning of the Torah in Genesis 2:1-3. It is first commanded after the Exodus from Egypt, in Exodus 16:26 (relating to the cessation of manna) and in Exodus 20:8-11 (as the fourth of the Ten Commandments). Shabbat is commanded and commended many more times in the Torah and Tanakh; special sacrifices are to be offered on the day. Shabbat is also described by the prophets Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Hosea, Amos and Nehemiah.
Genesis 2:1-3
Thus the heavens and the earth and all their array were completed. Since on the seventh day God was finished with the work he had been doing, he rested on the seventh day from all the work he had undertaken. God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it he rested from all the work he had done in creation.
Exodus 16:26
Moses then said, "Eat it (manna) today, for today is the Sabbath of the LORD. On this day you will not find any of it on the ground. On the other six days you can gather it, but on the seventh day, the Sabbath, none of it will be there.“
Exodus 20:8-11
Remember to keep holy the Sabbath day. Six days you may labor and do all your work, but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the LORD, your God. No work may be done then either by you, or your son or daughter, or your male or female slave, or your beast, or by the alien who lives with you. In six days the LORD made the heavens and the earth, the sea and all that is in them; but on the seventh day he rested. That is why the LORD has blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy.
The History of Shabbat, The Feast of Matzah (Unleavened Bread) and Passover
Abraham 1995 BC 2000 1975 1950 Terah and Family migrate from Ur to Haran 1925 + 1925 Isaac 1895 1900 1875 Jacob 1835 Esau 1835 1850 Ur 1820 1825 18
Jacob Esau 00 Dinah Reuben Simeon Levi Judah Issachar Zebulun Dan Naphtali Gad Asher 1775 1750 Benjamin 1734 Manasseh Sold into Egypt Joseph 1727 + 1744 Ephraim Jacob and Family migrate to Egypt 1705 + 1688 ?
1725 1715 Famine 1700 1675 1650 1634 Hyksos Period 13 th - 17 th Dynasties 1625 16
Israel in Egypt
00 The People of Israel Prosper in Egypt 1575 1550 13 th Dynasty Begins Ahmose 1567 1525 1500 Thutmose II Thutmose I 1526 1512 1475 Thutmose III Hebrews forcibly conscripted into hard labor gangs 1450 + 1450 1425 Amenhotep II 1450 Thutmose IV 1425 1411 14
EXODUS AND CONQUEST PERIOD OF THE JUDGES Othmiel 1381 1367 Mesopotamians 1327 Moabites 1309 Joshua 1321 Moses 1355 Aaron 1358 00 1375 1350 Amenhotep III Tutankhamen Akhenaton Aya 1379 + 1362 Introduced monotheistic worship 1352 1348 Married his sister Nefertiti Horemheb 1325 1300 19 th Dynasty Rameses I Seti I 1320 1318 1304 Ehud and Shamgar 1229 Canaanites Ten Commandments at Sinai + The Exodus Israelite males are circumcised; celebrate Passover first time; Jericho falls 1234 + + 1228 Divides Canaan among Tribes 1275 1234 1235 1209 1211 1235 1275 1250 1225 12 Ramses II Merneptah 1237 1223 Seti II 1210 1200
The Passover Seder Meal
Date Time
:
Place
: :
Attending
:
Preparation
: The Hebrew month of Nissan, 14 th day In every Jewish home worldwide Sundown on the Eve of Passover the Seder Meal was be eaten Families; plus guests to finish the Passover lamb A yearling lamb was sacrificed, blood drained, skinned, roasted with entrails, no bones to be broken, entirely consumed;
Environment
: Table, with candles, wine cups and red wine, the Passover lamb and other kosher foods; a Passover
Haggadah
English
Nissan (Abib) Iyar Sivan Tammuz Av Elul Tishri Cheshvan Kislev Tevet Shevat Adar I (leap years only) Adar (called Adar Beit in leap years)
The Hebrew Calendar
Number
1 2 3 4 5 6
Length
30 days 29 days 30 days 29 days 30 days 29 days 7 8 9 10 11 12 30 days 29 or 30 days 30 or 29 days 29 days 30 days 30 days 12 (13 in leap years) 29 days
Civil Equivalent
March-April April-May May-June June-July July-August August-September September-October October-November November-December December-January January-February February-March February-March
The Passover in the Old Testament
The Fourteenth Day of the First Month From the scriptures Passover begins at twilight (the time between sunset and darkness) on the fourteenth day of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. This month is known by the names Abib or Nisan. In the Bible, days begin not at midnight, but at sunset or evening (Genesis 1:5; Leviticus 23:27, 32).
Leviticus 23:5
On the
fourteenth day Passover.
of the first month at
twilight
is the LORD'S
Exodus 12:5-6,11
Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year. You may take it from the sheep or from the goats. Now you shall keep it until the
fourteenth day
of the same month. Then the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it at
twilight
. . . . And thus you shall eat it: with a belt on your waist, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. So you shall eat it in haste. It is the LORD'S
Passover.
Numbers 9:2-5
Let the children of Israel keep the
Passover
at its appointed time. On the
fourteenth day
of this month, at
twilight
, you shall keep it at its appointed time. According to all its rites and ceremonies you shall keep it. So Moses told the children of Israel that they should keep the
Passover
. And they kept the
Passover
on the
fourteenth day
of the first month, at twilight, in the Wilderness of Sinai; according to all that the LORD commanded Moses, so the children of Israel did.
Numbers 28:16
On the
fourteenth day
LORD.
of the first month is the
Passover
of the
Joshua 5:10
Now the children of Israel camped in Gilgal, and kept the
Passover
on the
fourteenth day
of the month at
twilight
on the plains of Jericho.
2 Chronicles 35:1
Now Josiah kept a month.
Passover
to the LORD in Jerusalem, and they slaughtered the
Passover
lambs on the
fourteenth day
of the first
Ezra 6:19
And the descendants of the captivity kept the
Passover fourteenth day
of the first month.
on the
The Meaning of the Old Testament Passover
The Old Testament Passover is a memorial to
God passing over the houses of the children of Israel
when He killed the firstborn of man and beast in Egypt, during the night of the fourteenth. The Passover is not a memorial to the exodus of Israel from Egypt.
Exodus 12:12-14
For I will pass through the land of Egypt on that night, and will strike all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment: I am the LORD. Now the blood shall be a sign for you on the houses where you are. And when I see the blood,
I will pass over you
; and the plague shall not be on you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt. So this day shall be to you a
memorial
; and you shall keep it as a feast to the LORD throughout your generations. You shall keep it as a feast by an everlasting ordinance.
Exodus 12:21-27
Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel and said to them, Pick out and take lambs for yourselves according to your families, and kill the Passover lamb. And you shall take a bunch of hyssop, dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and strike the lintel and the two doorposts with the blood that is in the basin. And none of you shall go out of the door of his house until morning. For the LORD will pass through to strike the Egyptians; and when He sees the blood on the lintel and on the two doorposts,
the LORD will pass over
the door and not allow the destroyer to come into your houses to strike you. And you shall observe this thing as an ordinance for you and your sons forever. It will come to pass when you come to the land which the LORD will give you, just as He promised, that you shall keep this service. And it shall be, when your children say to you, What do you mean by this service? that you shall say, It is the Passover sacrifice of the LORD, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt when He struck the Egyptians and delivered our households. So the people bowed their heads and worshiped .
The Feast of the Unleavened Bread (Matza)
Date
:
Place
:
Time
:
Attending
:
Preparation
: The Hebrew month of Nissan 14 for Seven Days In every Jewish home Beginning at sundown in the Shabbat Nissan 14 Families and the Hebrew nation Unleavened bread reflected the fact that the Israelites had no time to put leaven in their bread before their hasty departure from Egypt; it was also connected to the barley harvest (Leviticus 23:4-14).
Environment
: The first and the seventh days of
Matza
are holy (annual Sabbaths) and that an assembly must be called for worship as a body. They were to remove the sin (leaven) from their lives (not eat any or have any in their house) for the seven days (which is a complete unit of time; a week).
THE HEBREW MONTH OF NISSAN
Nissan14 FRIDAY Nissan 15 SATURDAY
SABBATH
Nissan 16 SUNDAY First Day of the Week Nissan 17 MONDAY Nissan 8 TUESDAY Nissan19 Nissan 20 WEDNESDAY THURSDAY Nissan 21 FRIDAY Nissan 22 SATURDAY
SABBATH Day of Preparation for Passover Day of Preparation for Sabbath
DAY ONE Feast of Unleavened Bread begins at sundown
SABBATH begins
DAY TWO Sabbath ends Sunday begins with sundown
PASSOVER begins/ eaten at sundown
DAY THREE DAY FOUR
SUNDOWN
DAY FIVE DAY SIX DAY SEVEN
SABBATH begins
Feast of Unleavened Bread ends at sundown Sabbath ends Sunday begins with sundown
The Feast of the Unleavened Bread
The Fifteenth Day of the First Month The
Feast of Unleavened Bread
begins on the fifteenth day of the first month of the Hebrew Calendar. The first and the seventh days of the feast are Sabbath days. No regular work is to be done and a holy convocation or assembly is to take place. Leavened bread products are avoided and not eaten throughout the week long festival. They are replaced with unleavened bread.
Leviticus 23:6-8
And on the
fifteenth day
of the same month is the Feast of Unleavened Bread to the LORD; seven days you must eat unleavened bread. On the
first day you shall have a holy convocation
; you shall
do no customary work
on it. But you shall offer an offering made by fire to the LORD for seven days. The
seventh day shall be a holy convocation
; you shall do no customary work on it.
Numbers 28:17-18
And on the
fifteenth day
of this month is the feast; unleavened bread shall be eaten for seven days. On the
first day you shall have a holy convocation
. You shall
do no customary work
. . . . And on the
seventh day you shall have a holy convocation
. You shall
do no customary work.
So you shall observe the Feast of Unleavened Bread, for on this same day
I will have brought your armies out of the land of Egypt
. Therefore you shall observe this day throughout your generations as an everlasting ordinance. In the first month, on the
fourteenth day of the month
at evening, you shall eat unleavened bread,
until the twenty-first day of the month
at evening.
Exodus 12:17-20
For seven days no leaven shall be found in your houses,
since whoever eats what is leavened, that same person shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he is a stranger or a native of the land.
You shall eat nothing leavened; in all your dwellings you shall eat unleavened bread.
The Fifteenth Day of the First Month is the Exodus
Israel left Egypt
during the night of fifteenth day of the first month. They began leaving Egypt at twilight, 24 hours after killing the Passover lambs.
Numbers 33:1-5
These are the journeys of the children of Israel, who went out of the land of Egypt by their armies under the hand of Moses and Aaron. Now Moses wrote down the starting points of their journeys at the command of the LORD. And these are their journeys according to their starting points:
They departed from Rameses in the first month, on the fifteenth day of the first month; on the day after the Passover the children of Israel went out with boldness in the sight of all the Egyptians.
For the Egyptians were burying all their firstborn, whom the LORD had killed among them. Also on their gods the LORD had executed judgments. Then the children of Israel moved from Rameses and camped at Succoth.
Deuteronomy 16:1
Observe the month of Abib, and keep the Passover to the LORD your God, for in the month of Abib the LORD your God
brought you out of Egypt by night.
Deuteronomy 16:6
But at the place where the LORD your God chooses to make His name abide, there you shall sacrifice the Passover
at twilight, at the going down of the sun, at the time you came out of Egypt.