Transcript Henrik Halkier TRU, Aalborg Universitet LOKAL

COMBINING KNOWLEDGE IN
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
The case of North Jutland, Denmark
Tourist
overnights
Henrik Halkier
Aalborg University
[email protected]
COMBINING KNOWLEDGE IN
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
The case of North Jutland, Denmark
1.
Tourism, innovation and knowledge combination
2.
Analysing knowledge dynamics in tourism
3.
Temperate coastal tourism : A case study
4.
Conclusions and perspectives
Henrik Halkier
Aalborg University
[email protected]
TOURISM, INNOVATION and
KNOWLEDGE COMBINATION
 Limited innovation an oft-repeated claim in tourism research
Small actors with limited resources
 Many life-style businesses

 Competitive pressure on European destinations growing
Cheap flights, also to far-away destinations
 Internet creates new transperancy for experienced travellers

 Need to stimulate change through public policy obvious
Refining existing experiences: Cumulative knowledge
 New experiences/visitors: Combination of knowledges

 Two challenges
Different forms of knowledge
 Organisational fragmentation

Henrik Halkier – [email protected]
TOURISM, INNOVATION and
KNOWLEDGE COMBINATION
Market
intelligence
Conception/
design /
marketing
DESTINATIONS
Production
/consumption
Consumption
monitoring
Henrik Halkier – [email protected]
Travel services
• commercial
• infrastructural
On-site services
• accommodation
• catering
• transport
Experiences
• prescribed/voluntary
• non-/commercial
TOURISM, INNOVATION and
KNOWLEDGE COMBINATION
DIFFERENT KNOWLEDGE DOMAINS
Symbolic
Market
intelligence
Conception/
design /
marketing
DESTINATIONS
Synthetic
Production
/consumption
Consumption
monitoring
Symbolic
Henrik Halkier – [email protected]
Travel services
• commercial
• infrastructural
On-site services
• accommodation
• catering
• transport
Experiences
• prescribed/voluntary
• non-/commercial
ANALYSING KNOWLEDGE DYNAMICS
IN TOURISM
Qualitative approach focusing on
 Inter-organisational relations
 Creation, acquisition and use of knowledge
 Different forms of knowledge
 Activity domains: marketing, experience production, service, …
 Analytical / Synthetic / symbolic
 Tacit / explicit
 Discourses on interaction and knowledge dynamics
Henrik Halkier – [email protected]
TEMPERATE COASTAL TOURISM
A case study of knowledge combination
Studying destination Top of Denmark, North Jutland
 Three municipalities, leading leisure tourism area
 Small tourism enterprises, holiday homes, campin
 A qualitative longitudinal study (EU FP6 EURODITE)
Three stages of destination development
Organisation
Initiatives
1989
Horizontal collaboration
between tourism
associations
 Reservation System
 Service
 Marketing
1996
Municipalities and
tourism associations
create DMO
 Prolonging of season
 Product development
 Networking within sector
2007-
Municipalities and
tourism associations
sponsor DMO
 Branding
 All-year tourism
 Extra-sectoral networking
Henrik Halkier – [email protected]
TEMPERATE COASTAL TOURISM
Knowledge combination, challenges and prospects
Organisation: Mutual dependency in decentralised network
 Widespread ownership to small centre via task involvement
 Overcoming longstanding competition between localities
 Securing local links to small firms
 Overcoming public-private divide in knowledge/funding
Knowledge combination gradually increase
 Mobilising tacit knowledge of small private firms
 Employed in joint promotion/innovation projects
 Reaching outside ‘traditional’ sector (attractions, accommodation)
 Food to increase attraction and prolong season
 External sources of knowledge fairly limited
 Caught in VisitDenmark-defined segmented universe
Henrik Halkier – [email protected]
COMBINING TOURISM KNOWLEDGE
Conclusions and perspectives
Development and policy challenges
 Addressing longstanding organisational-cultural barrier
 Inter-local rivalries, public-private
 Successful mobilisation of tacit knowledge
 for marketing (and development) purposes
 Combination of symbolic/synthetic knowledge across domains
 Inward-looking knowledge strategies
 Interpretative horizon defined by VisitDenmark segmentation
Future research
 Intertwining of knowledges and organisations pronounced
 Knowledge typologies may be of less importance
 Epistemic communities, communities of practice?
 Organisational learning literature a source of additional inspiration
Henrik Halkier – [email protected]