Transcript IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING & MANAGEMENT OF AN …

Sen, Lalita
Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, US
[email protected]
Majumdar, Sarmistha Rina
Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, US
[email protected]
United Nations Convention on the
Rights of People with Disabilities
 Introduced concepts of inclusivity for the disabled
 Emphasized access to education, employment,
recreation using accessible transportation to
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access schools/ educational institutions
access employment
access to recreation facilities
Asian Countries who Signed and
Ratified the UNCRPD
Countries
Convention
Signature
Convention
Ratification
Bangladesh
5/2007
11/2007
China
3/2007
8/2008
India
3/2007
10/2007
Indonesia
3/2007
11/2011
Laos
1/2008
9/2009
Maldives
10/2007
4/2010
Nepal
1/2008
5/2010
Pakistan
9/2008
7/2011
Republic of Korea
3/2007
12/2008
Countries Selected for Focused
Assessment of Accessible
Transportation
South Korea
India
Indonesia
Nepal
Pakistan
South Korea
 Seoul-capital city -24.5 million people out of the 50 million
in the country
 Access for Seniors and the disabled is somewhat limited
 Braille signage at ticket counters, subway station
entrances, and voice guide units to guide the blind to the
platform
 50% of the buses are being made accessible for those with
any mobility limitation
 Access for the blind is being built and made available in 20
bus stations, with special pedestrian blocks in some
subway platforms, & sidewalks.
Public Transport
http://www.asia-pacific-connections.com/transportation.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KTX_in_Seongjeongni_on_2005-0905.jpg
Accessible Walkway Design –South
Korea
http://southkoreaconnect.blogspot.com/2011/11/appreciating
-sidewalks-in-south-korea.html
http://southkoreaconnect.blogspot.com/2011/11/appreciating
-sidewalks-in-south-korea.html
South Korea……………Summary
 Level of industrialization similar to Western European
countries with well developed infra structure and service
industry
 Current Taxi for the disabled and free shuttle services
serving specific communities will be integrated into one
seamless accessible system.
 Obstacle-free Zones are also planned in areas where the
elderly and the disabled frequent such as welfare centers and
hospitals
 Its ability to meet the UNCRPD mandate is greater than
any of the other remaining Asian countries.
India
 It had passed the PWD Act in 1995 prior to signing and
ratifying UNCRPD (without any action)
 All major cities have accessible aircraft embarking /
disembarking methods serving all major airports where
there are large volume of tourists
 There are BRT corridors in Ahmedabad and Delhi
 Delhi has Low floor buses and total accessible airport
system, and metro rail system
 Overhead bridges have been built to accommodate safe
crossing across major thoroughfare but often are not
accessible
Transportation Options
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://trendsupdates.com/wpcontent/uploads/2009/04/local-train-mumbai.jpg
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://resources2.news.com
.au/images/2012/05/01/1226343/216190-india-ferry.jp
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=indira+gandhi+airport+terminal
India ………………………….Summary
 Indian Railways as the largest transport System, is yet to be
made accessible. Access to trains or the toilets are not
designed to accommodate the disabled.
 Railway platforms in many cities are still not accessible
 While many internationally known tourist sites have been
made accessible through NGOs or ASI, many local sites of
interest are not accessible as yet.
 Lack of integration of engineering and planning activities.
Accessible features need to meet UNCRPD’s mandates for
not just the major cities, or tourist centers, all cities, and
smaller towns through out the country
Indonesia
 Jakarta Transportation Council cites TransJakarta bus
network, with its series of ramps leading to each shelter, as
a step in the right direction
 The disabled are unable to use the public trains in Central
Jakarta, without help from their friends, as there are no
ramps, elevators, signs in Braille, or prominently displayed,
or running text for the deaf.
 The “Barrier-Free Movement,” has earned the support of
the Pedestrian Coalition, which seeks to ensure that
pedestrians can walk the city’s streets safely and without
hindrance.
Public Transport in Indonesia
http://www.ventanasvoyage.com/images/I
ndonesia%20selects%203/Java/Becak.gif
http://mbtaxi.com.au/public-transport-in-indonesia/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JakartaTransjakartaBusspurInDerJal
anSudirman.jpg (BRT system)
Mini Bus in Jakarta
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Indonesia
Electric Train in Java, Indonesia Gambir Station elevated railway platform, Central
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Indonesia
Jakarta, Indonesia. Below, on the left is Argo train
that connect Jakarta with other cities in on the far
center is the KRL Commuter linking Jakarta with
suburb towns around Jakarta. Java island. Note
the warning blocks and platform markings
for the visually impaired
Argo train in Gambir
Station, Jakarta
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gambir_Station_Platform_2.jpg
Air and Water Travel
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:
Makassar_airport1.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fil
e:Klotok_with_passengers.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proa
Indonesia…......Summary
 “UNCRPD requires states to do several things, including
forming a national mechanism to monitor and protect the
implementation of the convention”..Enny Suprapto a former
member of the National Commission on Human Rights
(Komnas HAM)
 UNCRPD also requires “States that had ratified it to appoint
a body in the government to implement the convention”
 To date implementation of the UNCRPD is not uppermost
in the minds of the candidates running for office, for next
year.
Nepal
 Although a signatory and has ratified UNCRPD, it has no accessible
transportation features, other than the boarding and disembarking
ramps at the airport at Kathmandu
 To control road accidents, it has started fining pedestrians who cross
the roads without using overhead nearby bridges Rs 50, and keeping
them in detention of the Traffic Police for an hour.
 The buses in Nepal are the primary form of public transportation with
a high record of accidents / fatalities , due to terrain, lack of driver
training . They are not low floor and inaccessible.
 There is an inaccessible East-West 59 kilometer narrow gauge rail
system from Janakpur, Nepal to Jainagar, in Bihar near the Indian
border.
Rail Bridge near Janakpur, Nepal
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Nepal_Railway.JPG
Rail line from Janakpur, Nepal to Jainagar, Bihar (India
*http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Nepal_Railway.JPG
)
Transport Modes in Nepal Around Cities &
Country side
Nepalhttp://www.google.com/search?q=buses+in+nepal&hl=en&prmd=imvns&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=QKdDULoK4_G6AHRkoDQAg&sqi=2&ved=0CDAQsAQ&biw=1024&bih=639
Market in Bairawala, Nepal
http://carolhummel.blogspot.com/2010_01_01_archive.html
Religious sites in Nepal- Bhaktapur
http://carolhummel.blogspot.com/2010_01_01_archive.html
Bhaktapur, Nepal
http://5monthsinnepal.blogspot.com/2009_12_01_archive.html
Clean Energy Vehicles in
Nepal
http://cen.org.np/blog/
Photo at top is the electric trolley bus
from Kathmandu to the satellite
towns which ceased its operation
around November 2008, due to gross
mismanagement
Safa Tempo’s (electric) in
Kathmandu replaced the Vikram
tempos on Diesel. There are 700 Safa
tempos operating in more than 13 routes
in Kathmandu.
More than 95 percent of the electricity
comes from hydropower, which is
undoubtedly a clean source of energy.
However accessibility is not a feature
introduced into the design.
BRT system in Nepal, via South Korea ?
http://www.ekantipur.com/2012/07/29/opinion/expensive-dreams/357887.htm
http://www.myrepublica.com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&news_id=38864
Recently, a Korean company was selected to carry out a feasibility study of the much-hyped metro train
project in Kathmandu Valley. Around Rs. 70 million is being spent to carry out a study of 75 km of
underground and elevated track.
Kathmandu has huge potential to introduce
BRT system in major truck routes with
cleaner vehicle technology—preferably
a trolley bus system.
Considering the economic and
geological condition of Kathmandu Valley,
this is best for an affordable
and efficient transit system like BRT.
The degree of accessibility that may be planned
remains unknown
Nepal………………………….Summary
 The rail system is being considered for expansion, with the
ambitious idea of a north-south train linking China to India by
rail.
 Domestic political instability, with a coalition government
include the Maoists, combined with the geopolitical influence of
both China to the north and India to the south, have delayed
changes to address UNCRPD
 Little or no information is available on existing/ planned
implementations under UNCRPD mandates if any
 There are efforts to collaborate with other countries such as
South Korea to bring about newer technologies to the pubic
transport area, but does not appear to include UNCRPD
mandates.
IMPLEMENTING THE UNCRPD
 Based on available data, it is clear that implementation of
the mandates of the UNCRPD has occurred in various
levels at each of the five Asian countries review
 Integrated accessible system has not occurred any where,
although South Korea is perhaps closest to achieving this
 Monitoring is still essential
 Management of the entire travel chain to ensure
accessibility has not happened as yet and will take time
Proposed Connection Between Research and
Accessibility Policy in India
Advisory Committees at
all levels( City, towns,
villages, panchayats etc)
National Research
Council
National Access
Board
University Grants
Commission
State
Transport
Agency
Highways
National
Integrated
Inter-Modal
Transport
Agency
Universities/ Research
Institutes/Consultants
National Transport
Safety
Urban
Transport
Airport/Air
Transport
Railways
Marine
Transport
Concerns on Accessibility Issues
 A need to appoint for monitoring by a volunteer group in
each country
 Need for accountability on schedule for implementing
accessible services within reasonable time
 Need for public input at hearing, discussions, and through
websites.
 Economic value of increased accessibility integrated into
the trip chain is essential for full implementation of
UNCRPD
Thank you!