Transcript Slide 1
CHAPTER Introducing Systems 1 KEY QUESTION: What are Systems? Looking Ahead • Systems are composed of parts that work together to perform a function. • Systems may be physical (for example, telephones, electronic games, or organ systems) or social (for example, health care, transportation, education, police force, or an ant colony). • Systems have inputs, outputs, and side effects. • The skills of analysis can be used to study the inputs, outputs, and side effects of everyday systems. • The way we use systems affects society and the environment. VOCABULARY (NOTE: I suggest you find a way to set these apart in your note book...I would have put a square around them) • System: a group of parts that work together to perform a desired task • Physical system: a group of physical parts that work together to perform a function • social system: a group of people or other organisms, joining together to perform tasks and establish relationships 1.1 Types of Systems • A system is a group of parts that work together to perform a desired task. For example a car is a system; the parts of a car work together to transport you and your cargo. • There are different types of systems: • Physical systems are made up of physical parts. They are often named according to the type of energy they use (for example, mechanical systems/mechanical energy, optical systems/light energy). • Social systems are made up of people or organisms. They are often named for the type of service they provide (legal system, education system, transportation system, for example). system physical system social system Building upon what we just learned... • In your texts: What is scanning? What is the best way to use a text book? • Read (“Scan”) Pages 10-12 to answer... • P. 12 CYL #2-3 (AKA 1,2,3) • IMPORTANT NOTE: Many systems do not fit into only one of the different types. Ex: A DAIRY FARM... it contains a group of living things (cows) that perform a function (produce milk), but it also contains many human made physical parts (barns, feeding devices, milking devices) that also help it to fulfill that function. Scientists use these classifications as a convenience to help them organize their thoughts, but the distinctions between the different types of systems are often not clear-cut. SYSTEM COMPONENTS: VOCABULARY (NOTE: I suggest you find a way to set these apart in your note book...I would have put a square around them) • Force – Any push or pull that may (or may not) move an object. • Input – Force, energy or materials you put into a SYSTEM • Output – The task or service the system performs • Side effect – Unintended or unwanted outputs System Components • Systems are often composed of smaller subsystems and mechanisms that perform part of the overall function. For example, a car (which is a system) has mechanical and electrical subsystems to help perform the overall function of transportation. • A mechanism is the part of a subsystem that changes one type of force into another, one type of energy into another, one type of motion into another, or one type of action into another. • In physical systems, forces make things move. A force is a push or pull on an object that may result in a change in the object’s motion or shape. 1.2 1.2 System Components • All systems (and subsystems) have inputs and outputs. • Inputs are all of the things that go into a system to make it work (force, energy, resources). Outputs are all of the tasks or services that the system performs (desired force, work, service). force input output side effects systems thinking System Components • While all systems have desired outputs, they often have unintended or undesired outputs as well, called side effects. For example pollution, unwanted waste, and climate change. • Systems may be analyzed according to their inputs, outputs, and side effects in a process called “systems thinking.” • Systems thinking allows us to make the most responsible choice of the kinds of systems we use and how we use them. 1.2 Systems Evolve • All systems change or evolve over time. • Changes may occur due to: • New technologies being invented • Changing social conditions • New Research • Changing systems you may be familiar with may include: • Waste Management Systems • Telephone Systems • Educational Systems • Computer Systems 1.4 1) What are some ways you change without trying to change? 2) What are some ways you change on purpose? Turn to Page 20 in your text book. Read the first paragraph individually. Discuss. Read the rest of p.20-21 and answer the following: • What factors may have prompted the changes in waste management systems over time? • What technological factors may have prompted the changes in telephones over time? • What are some things that might cause a school system to change? Explore an Issue Critically Consumerism • Consumerism is the practice and belief that happiness and satisfaction come from purchasing goods and services. • People often replace systems, even when they still work, which lead to the nickname: “throw-away” society. Goal To discuss the following statement and offer solutions as needed: The benefits of being a throw-away society outweigh the costs to society and the environment. Communicate Prepare to participate in the Future Leaders Association discussion by focusing on key points you want to make. You want to present your evidence in an interesting and effective manner. MORE DETAILS ON NEXT SLIDE… 1.5 CONSUMERISM ASSIGNMENT On an individual sheet of paper complete the following: a) Take a position. b) Think about, and write down, real life points that will support your position (at least three). c) Read the points in Table 1, pg23. Pay special attention to the ENVIRONMENTALIST and the POLITICIAN. List one way their opinions are similar and one way their opinions are different. d) List at least two ways you could change your behaviours to make this a better over all situation.