Transcript Gender as a Cross cutting issue

Gender as a Cross Cutting Issue
Central to Good Governance
Induction Training, RIAM November 2006
July 17, 2015
Dr Shirley Randell & Restituta Mukantagara
Gender as a cross cutting issue
Rationale for strong emphasis on
gender in Rwanda
• Poverty Reduction
• Economic Development
• Good Governance
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What are the
international, regional
and local contexts that
have led to gender being
recognised as central to
poverty reduction,
economic development
and good governance
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International Context
• CEDAW – Convention on the Elimination
of all forms of Discrimination Against
Women
• Beijing Platform for Action (BPFA)
• Millennium Development Goals,
particularly MDG3, Gender equality and
women’s empowerment, but all –
poverty, water, education, health etc
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Regional Context
• NEPAD objectives – eradicating long
term disparities and promoting equality
and equity between men and women
• The Rights of Women in Africa is a
Protocol to the African Charter on
Human and People’ Rights
• The Solemn Declaration of African State
Leaders (2004) expresses support for
the parity principle
• Rwanda soon to join the East African
Community which also has gender
priorities
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National Context
• Constitution
- Article 9 of the Constitution states that:
“30 percent of all decision-making
structures shall be reserved for women
• 2003 Government commitment to gender
issues and mainstreaming
• Decentralisation policy
– - favours representation of women at the
various administrative levels
• MIGEPROF and National Gender policy
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National Context
Vision 2020
• Gender is a key aspect of Pillar 3
in the Government of Rwanda’s
Vision 2020
• Inclusion of gender will lead to
effective implementation of all
other pillars
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Economic Development Poverty
Reduction Strategy
• Gender as a cross cutting issue is a key
aspect of all planning for Rwanda’s
EDPRS 2006-2008 planning, including
the 12 sector working groups
• Gender is a critical component of
HIV/AIDS which is also a major cross
cutting issue in the EDPRS
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Table 1 Status on International
Indicators, Rwanda, 2005
GDI rank
HDI rank
(167 countries) (140 countries)
159
122
GDI value
HDI rank
minus GDI rank
0.447
1
HDI value
0.45
HDI Human Development Index
GDI Gender Development Index
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Table 2: Development Indicators
in Rwanda by Sex
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Development Indicators
Life expectancy at birth
Combined gross enrolment
ratio for primary, secondary
and tertiary levels
Adult literacy rate
(age 15 and above)
Estimated earned income
(PPP US $)
Female
Male
45.6
42.1
48.6%
58%
48.6 %
70.5%
$US985
$US1,583
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Table 2: Development Indicators
in Rwanda by Sex
Female Male
65.3%
82.3% 93.5%
• Women living below poverty line
• Total rate of economic activity
• Employment in the
non-agricultural sector
24% n/a
• Participation in tertiary education
39% 61%
• Participation in Government
at Ministerial level
35.7% 64.3%
• Participation in National Parliament 48% 52%
•
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Challenges to the policy of
gender as a cross cutting issue
• Internationally and nationally the policy of
mainstreaming gender in practice areas has
seen gender issues neglected and slipping off
the agenda.
• There has been a reduction in the efforts to
empower women, the other side of the coin to
gender equality
• There is very limited gender budgeting in
planning and decision making processes
• There is very limited gender auditing to assess
progress
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Challenges to the policy of
gender as a cross cutting issue
• There is a high demand from the national and
district governments, civil society and women’s
organisations in Rwanda for support in gender
equality and women’s empowerment strategies
and activities in addition to the gender
mainstreaming/cross-cutting strategy.
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Case Studies from SNV Experience
• Training of Advisers to all be gender sensitive
and able to implement gender principles in all
practice areas
• Preparing a manual for mainstreaming gender
into Water, Sanitation and Health programs
• Advocacy at national level for the inclusion of
gender in the EDPRS
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Case Study 1
• SNV Rwanda advisers unfamiliar with gender
concepts and practice
• 10 day, 30 hour interactive in-house gender
and development course delivered
• All practice areas prepare gender action plans
• Significant progress made in integrating gender
in NRM – biogas, RALG – education, MAP –
honey, PPT
• In-house gender committee established
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Case Study 2:
Training Manual for
Mainstreaming Gender into WASH Programs
• COFORWA approached SNV for gender training
• of management and technicians
• PROTOS approached SNV for gender training
for coordinator
• Field visit for focus groups
• Gender training manual prepared incorporating
chapters from SNV manual and new chapters
on gender and water
• Manual trialled with gender adviser - October
• Manual to be trialled in field - November
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Case Study 3: advocacy at
national level - EDPRS
• SNV approached MINECOFIN, UNIFEM, UNDP,
DFID about engendering the EDPRS process
• Together we called for a gender workshop for
all Ministries and stakeholders in the EDPRS
• We set up gender shadow Sector Working
Groups to monitor the work of every SWG
• SNV staff were invited to participate in SWGs
and Shadow SWGs
- backward looking report on PRSP
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Case Study 4: EDPRS (cont)
• Cross-cutting issues SWG developed checklists
for each of the four cross cutting issues,
including gender
• MIGEPROF, UNDP, UNIFEM/SNV national
workshop on gender based policy analysis
• Gender representatives attended each of the
sector log frame exercises
• The cross cutting issues SWG is now examining
each log frame to ensure that gender is
included appropriately
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Tools for Mainstreaming Gender
The checklist for
mainstreaming gender as a
cross-cutting issue in the
EDPRS
July 17, 2015
Dr Shirley Randell AM
Gender Subcommittee
• Parliament - FFRP
• Ministries – MIGEPROF, MINEDUC
• Government agencies – NIS, NWC,
NEPAD
• Development partners – UNFEM, UNDP,
UNFPA, UNICEF, DFID, Canadian
Corporation
• NGOs – SNV, RWLC, RAUW, WWP,
African Rights, Profemmes
• Academic institutions – KIST, KHI, KIE
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Gender Goal
By 2020, Rwandan women and
men, girls and boys will have
achieved equity of
- voice,
- participation and
- access
in every area of economic
growth and poverty reduction
represented in national policy
and law.
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Purpose
By 2012, gender equality can
be demonstrated, measured
and verified using gender
disaggregated national data
to show that the country is
on track to achieving:
• Gender equality in halving the
proportion of people living below the
poverty line by 2015
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• Gender equality in reduced
income disparity (Gini coefficient,
shares of the poorest quintile in
national consumption)
• Gender equality in increased GDP
per capita US$
• Gender equality within the increased
average GDP growth rate (to 8%)
• Gender equality in progress towards
the MDGs
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Five major areas
• Gender-disaggregated data collection
and reporting
• Reproductive health rights
• Access to business and services
• Law and policy on legal, social, economic
opportunities and physical protection
• Educational achievement
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All sectors involved
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1 Progress towards achieving
gender equity
• In Sectoral policies and their implementation,
and in District plans and their implementation
- demonstrated by every Sector/ District in
their returns to the EDPRS Annual Progress
Review (APR).
• Data and analysis to be presented in an annual
composite national assessment of progress :
> in the EDPRS APR,
> in the Joint Budget Support Review
> in the Minister of Finance’s presentation of
the budget to Parliament.
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Suggested Outputs
• NIS: Gender-disaggregated data
contained in all national surveys
and reports by the National
Institute of Statistics
• Parliament/MIGEPROF: A new
annual report: “Progress Towards
Achieving Rwanda’s Commitment
to its Women Citizens”.
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Suggested Outputs
(cont)
• MIGEPROF or Gender Observatoire:
resourced to collect, analyse and
present national gender equity
progress
• All Sectors/ Districts: to establish
gender-disaggregated data
collections in their information
systems for annual planning
processes and annual reporting.
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Suggested Outputs
(cont)
• NEPAD: to utilise this data and
reporting
• MINECOFIN: to ensure genderdisaggregated budget planning
and execution data is available
from all Sectors/ Districts.
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Suggested Outputs
(cont)
• MINECOFIN: Terms of Reference/
instructions for APR to include
gender in each Sectoral chapter
and a gender summary page.
• MINECOFIN: Gender-discussion to
be scheduled for one of the annual
Joint Budget Support Review
meetings.
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2 Women enabled to exercise
their reproductive health rights
• A reduction in the average
number of children per woman
from 6 to 5 by 2012 and to 4 by
2020.
• A significantly increased
contraceptive prevalence rate
• A significant drop in the number
of maternal deaths
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2 Women enabled to exercise
their reproductive health rights
(cont)
• A higher average age at which
women have their first baby
• Increased levels of female
participation in the labour
market, including formal sector
employment
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Suggested Outputs
• MINISANTE: Increase the range of, and
access to family planning methods
- contraceptive prevalence rate increased
from 10.3% to over 50% in 2020
• MINEDUC: Maintain equal numbers of girls
and boys in education
– primary completion of 95% by 2012
100% by 2015
- enrolment in lower secondary
52% by 2012
62% by 2015
• MIFOTRA: Reduce rate of youth
unemployment/ underemployment by ½ within
5 years
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Suggested Outputs
(cont)
• MIFOTRA: Strategies for
female participation in formal
employment and the labour
market agreed by 2008
• MIFOTRA: Reduce rate of
women’s unemployment/
underemployment by ½
within 5 years
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Suggested Outputs
(cont)
• MINISANTE: Reduce the rate of
maternal mortality from
750/100,000 to 600 in 2010 and
200 in 2020
• MINISANTE: Reduce the rate of
infant mortality from 86/1000 to
80 in 2010 and 50 in 2020
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Suggested Outputs
(cont)
• MINISANTE : Safe delivery and childbirth for women - increase births taking
place with trained attendance from 31%
to over 50% in 2011
• MINISANTE: National Information
campaigns – designed to praise smaller
families, explain contraception, deliver
messages on safe delivery, provide
messages on risks to infant mortality.
• MINALOC/MINEDUC: Increase in
access to safe drinking water and to
sanitation (including toilets in schools)
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3
Range of business and financial
services expanded and differential
levels of gender access addressed
• Social Insurance extended in
coverage (from 4% to 10% of
population with full gender equity) by
2012.
• Social Safety Nets made more
equitable for the most vulnerable
10% of the population by 2012.
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Business and Financial
Services (cont)
• Micro finance gap between men
and women reduced by 75%
by 2012
• Revision of laws & policy to
protect women’s ownership
of land and other property
• Number of women’s start-up
businesses increased by 50%
by 2012
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Suggested Outputs
• MINILOC: Formal Social Insurance
coverage extended to over 10% of
the population and equal
participation by women and men by
2012.
• MINECOFIN/BNR: Provision of,
and access to micro-finance
extended to give equality of access
to women and men - 50%
reduction in gap.
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Suggested Outputs
(cont)
• MINECOFIN: Coverage of a Social
Safety Net extended to equitable
levels of support for the most
vulnerable 10% of the population,
with equal access to women
• Private Sector/ New products
identified and brought to the
market to address women’s
concerns for financial services.
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Suggested Outputs
(cont)
• MINIJUST/MINITERE: Laws revised to
grant women protected rights of
ownership for land and other
property, regardless of the status/
type of marriage.
• MINAGRI: Recognise the contribution of
women farmers and increase their
technological skills
• All Sectors: Strategies for sensitisation
and awareness of differential access
and the need for expansion of
business and financial services
identified and implemented
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4 Policy and law on women’s legal,
social, economic opportunities
• By 2011, physical protection is
completed, made effective and fully
monitored on behalf of, and with the
participation of, the mass of rural and
urban women in Rwanda
- in order to set a road map
towards full and unequivocal
gender equity by 2020
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Suggested Outputs
• MINEDUC/MINIJUST: Literacy
and legal literacy campaigns
designed and launched by 2009
• MIGEPROF: Public campaign on
gender-based violence (GBV)
designed and launched by 2008
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Suggested Outputs
(cont)
• MINIJUST/MINADEF: Training
for Police and Security Forces
on countering GBV designed
and launched by 2008
• Investigation into participation /
trafficking into the sex industry
researched and appropriate
policy action taken by 2009
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Suggested Outputs
(cont)
• MINEDUC: Education investigates
and designs measures to
counter gender-based violence
and gender-discrimination in
schools and colleges by 2009
• Parliament/MINILOC: MPs and
Local Government
Representatives are able to
access, analyse and use national
data to identify and implement
gender-based policy initiatives
by 2009
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Suggested Outputs
(cont)
• MINECOFIN: Design of a ‘gender
equity roadmap’ based on
bottom-up consultation
processes agreed and costed by
2012 ready for the 3rd national
PRSP
• All Sectors: support and help civil
society organisations to
increase their capacity to
monitor and advocate for gender
change
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Education Achievement
• Girls’ position in educational
achievement is improved
• Young women achieve equity in
completion of tertiary
education and training
• Adult women increase their
functional literacy/education
rates
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Suggested Outputs
• MINEDUC/MINELOC/MINITERE:
Ensure that the physical
environment (particularly school
sanitation) in schools supports
the continued attendance of
girls and young women by 2010
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Suggested Outputs
(cont)
• MINEDUC/MINELOC/NIS:
Implement quality controls - data measurement
- improvements to the school
curriculum
- improving school management
(including parent teacher
committees) and teacher role
modelling;
- planning for and implementing
a comprehensive gender
equity education policy
made fully operational by 2010
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Suggested Outputs
(cont)
• MINEDUC/MINILOC: Functional adult
literacy/education targets reviewed
and made gender equitable - policy
implemented and budget lines
reviewed
• MINEDUC: Introduce specific equity
measures to increase the
participation of women in tertiary
education and training
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Gender Goal
By 2020, Rwandan women and men,
girls and boys will have achieved
equity of
- voice,
- participation and
- access
to every area of economic growth and
poverty reduction represented in
national policy and law.
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