Transcript Rapid review: first aid - School of Medicine, The

Rapid review:
first aid
• Often precedes squamous cell carcinoma
Actinic keratosis
• Primary adrenocortical deficiency
Addison’s disease
• Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café au lait spots, short
stature, young girls
Albrights syndrome
• Guillain barre (increase protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell
count)
Albuminocytologic dissociation
• Hereditary nepritis with nerve deafness
Alport’s syndrome
• Anti-basement membrane
Goodpastures syndrome
• Anti- centromere antibodies
Scleroderma - CREST
• Anti- double stranded DNA antibodies (ANA- antibodies)
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
• Anti-epithelial cell
Pemphigus vulgaris
• Antigliadan antibodies
Celiac disease
• Anti-histone antibodies
Drug induced SLE
• Anti – IgG antibodies
Rheumatoid arthritis
• Anti-mitochondrial antibodies
Primary biliary cirrhosis
• Anti-neutrophil antibodies
vasculitis
• Anti-platelet antibodies
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
• Arachnodactyly
Marfan’s syndrome
• Argyll Robertson pupil
Neurosyphilis
• Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Arnold Chiari malformation
• Aschoff bodies
Rheumatic fever
• Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
• Auer rods
AML- esp promyelocytic type
• Autosplenectomy
Sickle cell
• Babinski sign
UMN lesion
• Baker’s cyst in popliteal fossa
Rheumatoid arthritis
• Bamboo spine on x-ray
Ankylosing spondylitis
• Hyperreninemia
Bartter’s syndrome
• Basophilic stippling on RBCs
Lead posioning
• Defective dystophin
Becker’s muscular dystophy- less sever than Duchenne’s
• LMN CN VIII palsy
Bells palsy
• Bence jones proteins
Multiple myeloma- Kappa or lambda Ig chains in urine, Waldenstroms
macroglobulinemia (IgM)
• IgA nephropathy
Berger’s disease
• Bernard-Soulier disease
Defect in platelet adhesion
• Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
sarcoidosis
• Berbeck granules on EM
Histiocytosis X
• Bloody tap on LP
Subarachnoid hemorrage
• “blue bloater”
Chronic bronchitis
• Blue domed cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
• Blue sclera
Osteogenesis imperfecta
• Boot shaped heart on x ray
Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
•
Bouchard’s nodes
Osteoarthritis (PIP swelling secondary to osteophytes)
•
Boutonniere deformity
Rheumatoid arthritis
•
Branching rods in oral infection
Actinomyces israelli
•
Brown tumor of bone
Hemorrhage cause brown color of osteolytic cysts
1. Hyperparathyroidism
2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghasen’s disease)
•
Brushfields spots
Down syndrome
•
Brutons disease
X-linked agammaglobulinemia
•
Budd- Chiari syndrome
Post hepatic venous throbosis
•
Buerger’s disease
Small/medium artery vasculitis
• 8:14 translocation, associated with EBV
Burkitt’s lymphoma
• Burton’s lines
Lead posioning
• C-ANCA, P-ANCA
Wegeners granulomatosis, polyarteritis nodosa
• Café au lait spots on skin
neurofibromatosis
• Caisson disease
Gas emboli
• Calf pseudohypertrophy
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy
• Call- Exner bodies
Granulosa theca cell tumor of the ovary
• Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Chagas disease
• Cerebriform nuclei
Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma)
• Trypanosome infection
Chaga’s disease
• Chancre
Primary syphilis – non painful
• Chancroid
Haemophilus ducreyi - painful
• Charcot’s triad
Multiple sclerosis (nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech), cholangitis
(jaundice, RUQ pain, fever)
• Charcot-leyden crystals
Bronchial asthma (eosinophil membranes)
• Phagocyte deficiency
Chediak Higashi disease
• Cherry red spot on macula
Tay-Sachs, Niemann Pick disease, central retinal artery occlusion
• Cheyne-stokes respirations
Central apnea in CHF and increased intracranial pressure
• Chocolate cysts
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
• Predisposition to gastric carcinoma
Chronic atrophic gastritis
• Chvostek’s sign
Hypocalcemia (facial mm spasm upon tapping)
• DES exposure in utero
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
• Clue cells
Gardnerella vaginitis
• Codman’s triangle on x ray
osteosarcoma
• Cold agglutinins
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mono
• Cold intolerance
hypothyroidism
• Condylomata lata
Secondary syphilis
• Continuous machinery murmur
Patent ductus arteriosus
• Cori’s disease
Debranching enzyme deficiency
• Cotton wool spots
Chronic hypertension
• Cough, conjuncitivitis, coryza + fever
measles
• Councilman bodies
Toxic or viral hepatitis
• Cowdry type A bodies
Herpes virus
• Crescents in bowman’s capsule
Rapidly progessive crescentric glomerulonephritis
• Crigler-Najjar syndrome
Congential unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
• Curling’s ulcer
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
• Currant jelly sputum
Klebsiella
• Curshmann’s spirals
Bronchial asthma (whorled mucous plugs)
• Cushing’s ulcer
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
• D dimers
DIC
• Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson’s disease (basal ganglia disorder- rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
• Pellagra (niacin, vitamin B3 deficiency)
Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
• Hand-Schuller Christian disease
Diabetes insipidus + exophthalmos + lesions of skull
• Dog or cat bite
Pasteurella multocida
• Donovan bodies
Granuloma inguinale
• Dressler’s syndrome
Post MI fibrinous pericarditis
• Dubin Johnson syndrome
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirbuinemia (black liver)
• Eburnation
Osteoarthritis (polished, ivory like appearance of bone)
• Edward’s syndrome
Trisomy 18 associated with rocker bottom feet, low set ears, heart disease
• Eisenmenger’s complex
Late cyanosis shunt (uncorrected LR shunt becomes RL shunt)
• Elastic skin
Ehlers-Danlos
• Erb-Duchenne palsy
Superior trunk branchial plexus injury (Waiters tip)
• Erythema chronicum migrans
Lyme disease
• Fanconi syndrome
Proximal tubular reabsorption defect
• Fat Female Forty and Fertile
Acute cholecystitis
• Fatty liver
alcholism
• Ferruginous bodies
asbestosis
• Colon polyps with osteomas and soft tissue tumors
Gardner’s syndrome
• Glucocerebrosidase deficiency
Gaucher’s disease
• Ghon complex
Primary TB
• Benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Gilbert’s disease
• Glanzmann’s thrombobastenia
Defect in platelet aggregation
• Autoantibodies to alveolar and glomerular basement membrane proteins
Goodpasture syndrome
• Use of patients arms to help legs pick self off the floor
Gower’s maneuver
• Idiopathic polyneurtitis
Guillain Barre syndrome
• “hair on end” appearance on x-ray
Beta thalassemia, sickle cell (extramedullary hematopoiesis)
• Hamptons hump on x ray
Pulmonary embolism
• Chronic progressive histiocytosis
Hand- Schuller-Christian disease
• Sickle cell anemia
HbS
• Elevated hCG
Choriocarcinoma, hyadatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
• Heberden’s nodes
Osteoarthritis (DIP swelling secondary to osteophytes)
• Heinz bodies
G6PD deficiency
• HSP – Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Hypersensitivity vasculitis associated with hemorrhagic urticaria and URIs
• Heterophil antibodies
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
• HbF
Thalassemia major
• High output cardiac failure
Dilated cardiomyopathy, wet beriberi (thiamine, vit B1 deficiency)
• HLA B27
Reiter’s syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis
• HLA DR3, DR4
Diabetes mellitus type 1 (caused by autoimmune destruction of B cells)
• Homer Wright rosettes
Neuroblastoma
• Honey comb lung on x ray
Interstitial fibrosis
• Ptosis, miosis, andhidrosis
Horner’s syndrome
• Howell Jolley bodies
Splenectomy (or non functional spleen)
• Huntington’s disease
Caudate degeneration (AD)
• Hyperphagia + hypersexuality + hyperorality + hyperdocility
Kluver Bucy syndrome (amygdala)
• Hyperpigmentation of skin
Primary adrenal insuffiency (Addison’s disease)
• Hypersegmented neutrophils
Macrocytic anemia
• HTN + hypocalemia
Conn’s syndrome
• Hypochromic microcytosis
Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisioning
• Increased alpha fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Anencephaly, spina bifida (NTDs)
• Increased uric acid levels
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thaizide diuretics
• Intussusception
Adenovirus (causes hyperplasia of Peyer’s patches)
• Janeway lesions
Endocarditis
•
jarisch Herxheimer reaction
Syphilis- overaggressive treatment of an asymptomatic patient that causes symptoms
due to rapid lysis
• Job’s syndrome
Neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality
• Kaposi’s sarcoma
AIDS in men who have sex with men
• Kartagener’s syndrome
Dynein defect
• Kayser-Fleischer rings
Wilson’s disease
• Keratin pearls
Squamous cell carcinoma
• Kimmelstiel Wilson nodules
Diabetic nephropathy
• Kluver Bucy nodules
Bilateral amygdala lesions
• Koilocytes
HPV
• Koplick spots
Measles
• Krukenberg tumor
Gastric adenocarcinomas with ovarian metastases
• Kussmaul hyperpnea
Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Lens dislocation + aortic dissection + joint hyperflexibility
Marfan’s syndrome
• Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
HGPRT deficiency
• Letterer Siwe disease
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
• Lewy bodies
Parkinson’s disease
• Libman Sacks disease
Endocarditis associated with SLE
• Lines of zahn
Arterial thrombus
• Lisch nodules
Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen’s disease)
• Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson’s disease
• Lucid interval
Epidural hematoma
• Lumpy bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorscence
Poststreptococcal glaomerulonephritis
• Lytic bone lesions on x ray
Multiple myeloma
• Mallory bodies
Alcoholic liver disease
• Mallory Weiss syndrome
Esophagogastric lacerations
• McArdle’s disease
Muscle phosphorylase deficiency
• McBurney’s sign
appendicitis
• MLF syndrome (INO)
Multiple sclerosis
• Monoclonal antibody spike
Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA), MGUS (monoclonal
gammopathy of undetermined significance), Waldenstrom’s (M protein= IgM)
macroglobulinemia.
• Myxedema
hypothyroidism
• Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Wegener’s and goodpasture’s (hemoptysis and glomerular disease)
• Needle shaped, negatively bifringent crystals
Gout
• Negri bodies
rabies
• Nephritis + cataracts + hearing loss
Alport’s syndrome
• Neurofibrillary tangles
Alzheimer’s disease
• Niemann Pick disease
Spingomyelinase deficiency
• No lactation postpartum
Sheehan syndrome (pituitary infarction)
• Nutmeg liver
CHF
• Occupational exposure to asbestos
Malignant mesothelioma
• Orphan Annie nuclei
Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
• Osler’s nodes
endocarditis
• Owl’s eye
CMV
• Painless jaundice
Pancreatic cancer of the head
• Palpable purpura on legs and butt
HSP- Henoch Schonein purpura
• Pancoast tumor
Bronchogenic apical tumor associated with Horner’s syndrome
• Pannus
Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Nigrostriatal dopamine depletion
Parkinson’s disease
• Periosteal elevation on x ray
Pyogenic osteomyelitis
• Peutz Jeghers syndrome
Benign polyposis
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Penile fibrosis
Peyronie’s disease
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Philadephia chromosome (bcr-abl)
CML (may sometimes be associated with AML)
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Pick bodies
Pick’s disease
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Pick’s disease
Progressive dementia, similar to Alzheimer’s
•
“pink puffer”
Emphysema (centroacinar [smoking], panacinar [alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency])
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Esophaeal webs with iron deficiency anemia
Plummer Vision syndrome
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Podagra
Gout (MP joint of hallux)
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Podocyte fusion
Minimal change disease
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Polyneuropathy, cardiac pathology, and edema
Dry beri beri (thiamine, vitamin B1 deficiency)
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Pompe’s disease
Lysosomal glucosidase deficiency associated with cardiomegaly
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Polyneuropathy preceded by GI or respiratory infection
Guillain Barre syndrome
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Port wine stain
hemangioma
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Positive anterior “drawer sign”
Anterior cruciate ligament injury
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Pott’s disease
Vertebral tuberculosis
•
Pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement
Glioblastoma multiforme
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Pseudorosettes
Ewing’s sarcoma
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Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
Horner’s syndrome (pancoast tumor)
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Rash on palms and soles
Secondary syphilis, Rocky mountain spotted fever
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Raynaud’s syndrome
Recurrent vasospasm in extremities
•
RBC casts in urine
Acute glomerulonephritis
• Recurrent pulmonary pseudomonas and S. aureus infections
Cystic fibrosis
• Red urine in the morning
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
• Reed sternburg cells
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
• Reid index (increased)
Chronic bronchitis
• Reinke crystals
Leydig cell tumor
• Reiters syndrome
Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis
• Renal cell carcinoma + cavernous hemangiomas + adenomas
Von Hippel- Lindau disease
•
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
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Rhomboid crystals, postively bifringent
pseudogout
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Rib notching
Coarctation of aorta
•
Roth’s spots in the retina
endocarditis
•
Rotor’s syndrome
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
•
Rouleaux formation (RBCs)
Multiple myeloma
•
Russell bodies
Multiple myeloma
•
S3
Left to right shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD), mitral regurgitation, LV failure (CHF)
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S4
Aortic stenosis, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
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Schiller-Duval bodies
Yolk sac tumor
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Senile plaques
Alzheimer’s disease
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Sezary syndrome
Cutaneous T cell lymphoma
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Sheehan’s syndrome
Postpartum pituitary necrosis
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Shwartzman reaction
Neisseria meningitidis
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Signet ring cells
Gastric carcinoma
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Simian creases
Down syndrome
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Sipple’s syndrome
MEN IIa
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Sjogren’s syndrome
Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
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Skip lesions
Crohn’s disease
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Slapped cheeks
Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
• Smith antigen
SLE
• Smudge cells
CLL
• Soap bubble on x ray
Giant cell tumor of bone
• Spike and dome on EM
Membranous glomerulonephritis
• Spitz nevus
Benign juvenile melanoma
• Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
endocarditis
• Starry sky pattern
Burkitts lymphoma
• Strawberry tongue
Scarlet fever
• Streaky ovaries
Turner’s syndrome
• String sign on x ray
Crohn’s disease
• Subepithelial humps on EM
Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
• Suboccipital lymphadenopathy
Rubella
• Sulfur granules
Actinomyces israelli
• Swollen gums, bruising, poor wound healing, anemia
Scurvy (ascorbic acid, vitamin C deficiency)- vitamin C is necessary for
hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis
• Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
Aortic valve stenosis
• t(8,14)
Burkitt’s lymphoma (c-myc activation)
•
t(9,22)
Philadephia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl)
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t(14,18)
Folilcular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
•
Tabes dorsalis
Tertiary syphilis
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Tendon xanthomas (classically achilles)
Familial hypercholesterolemia
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Thumb sign on lateral x ray
Epiglottitis (H. influenza)
•
Thyroidization of kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
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Tophi
Gout
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“tram track” appearance on LM
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
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Trousseau’s sign
Visceral cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (migratory thrombophelibits), hypocalcemia (carpal
spasm)
•
Virchow’s triad
Left supraclavicular node enlargement from metastatic carcinoma of the stomach
• Von Recklinghausen’s disease
Neurofibromatosis with café au lait spots
• Von Recklinghausen’s disease of bone
Osteitis fibrosa cystica (brown tumor)
• Wallenberg’s syndrome
PICA thrombosis
• Waterhouse Fridrichensen syndrome
Adrenal hemorrhage associated with meningococcemia
• Waxy cast
Chronic end stage renal disease
• WBC casts in urine
Acute pyelonephritis
• Wermer’s syndrome
MEN 1
• Whipple’s syndrome
Malabsorption syndrome caused by Tropheryma whippelii
• Wilson’s disease
Hepatolenticular degeneration
• Wire loop appearance on LM
Lupus nephropathy
• Worst Headache of my life
Berry aneurysm- associated with adult polycystic kidney disease
• Xanthochromia (CSF)
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
• Xerostomia + arthritis + keratoconjunctivitis sicca
Sjogren’s syndrome
• Zenker’s diverticulum
Upper GI diverticulum
• Zollinger-ellison syndrome
Gastrin secreting tumor associated with ulcers
Most common associations
• Bacteremia/pneumonia (IVDA)
S aureus
• Bacteria associated with cancer
H pylori
• Bacteria found in the GI tract
Bacteroides (second most common is E coli)
• Brain tumor in adults
Mets>astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme)> meningioma > schwannoma
• Brain tumor in kids
Medulloblastoma in cerebellum
• Breast cancer
craniopharyngioma
• Breast mass
Fibrocystic change (in postmenopausal women, carcinoma is the most common)
• Breast tumor benign
fibroadenoma
• Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia patient
Klebsiella
• Cardiac primary tumor (adults)
Myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; “ball and valve”)
• Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
Rhabdomyoma
• Cardiac tumor (adults)
mets
• Cardiomyopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy
• Chromosomal disorder
Down syndrome (associated with ALL, Alzheimer’s dementia, and endocardial cushion
defects)
• Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrilliation (associated with risk of emboli)
• Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
• Constrictive pericarditis
TB
• Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > LCA
• Cyanosis (early, less common)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
• Cyanosis (late, more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA (close with indomethacin; open with misoprostol)
• Demyelinating disease
Multiple sclerosis
• Dietary deficit
Iron
• Epiglottitis
Haemophilus influenza type B
• Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
• Gene involved in cancer
P53 tumor suppressor gene
• Group affected by cystic fibrosis
Caucasians (fat soluble vitamin deficiencies, mucus plugs/lung infections)
• Gynocologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma
• Heart murmur
Mitral valve prolapse
• Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral
• Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis in IVDA
Tricuspid
• Heart valve in Rheumatic fever
Mitral valve (aortic is second)
• Helminth infection in US
Enterobius vermicularis ( Ascaris lumbricoides is 2nd)
•
Hereditary bleeding disorder
Von Willebrand’s
•
Kidney stones
Calcium = radioopaque (2nd most common is ammonium = radioopaque, formed by urease +
organisms: Proteus or Staphylococcus)
•
Liver disease
Alcoholic liver disease
•
Location of brain tumors in adults
supratentorial
•
Location of brain tumors in kids
infratentorial
•
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher’s disease
•
Male cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
•
Malignancy associated with non infectious fever
Hodgkin’s disease
•
Malignant skin tumor
Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)
•
Mets to bone
Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney
•
Mets to brain
Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI
•
Mets to liver
Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung carcinomas
•
Motor neuron disease
ALS
•
Neoplasm in kids
ALL (2nd most common is cerebellar medulloblastoma)
•
Nephrotic syndrome
Membranous glomerulonephritis
•
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
•
Opportunitstic infection in AIDS
Pneumoncystis carinii pneumonia
•
Organ receiving mets
Adrenal glands due to rich blood supply
•
Organ sending mets
Lung > breast, stomach
• Ovarian tumor (benign)
Serous cystadenoma
• Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
• Pancreatic tumor
Adenocarinoma (head of pancreas)
• Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL- child, CLL- adult > 60, AML- adult>60, CML –adult 35-50
• Patient with Hodgkin’s
Young male (expect nodular sclerosis type- female)
• Patient with minimal change disease
Young child
• Patient with Reiter’s
male
• Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma (2nd- somatotrophic “acidiophilic” adenoma)
• Preventable cancer
Lung cancer
•
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
•
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas (followed by hyperplasia, then carcinoma)
•
Primary liver tumor
hepatoma
•
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma- associate with von Hipple Lindau and acquired polycystic kidney disease;
paraneoplastic syndrome ( EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
•
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia due to chronic renal failure
•
Sexually transmitted disease
chlamydia
•
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
•
Site of metastasis
Regional lymph nodes
•
Site of metastasis (2nd most common)
liver
•
Sites of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
•
Skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
•
Stomach cancer
adenocarcinoma
•
testicular tumor
seminoma
•
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
•
Tracheoesphageal fistula
Lower esophagus joins trachea/ upper esophagus – blind pouch
•
Tumor in men
Prostate carcinoma
•
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent)
•
Tumor in infancy
hemangioma
•
Tumor of adrenal medulla in adults
Pheochoromocytoma benign
•
Tumor of adrenal medulla in kids
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
• Type of Hodgkin’s disease
Nodular sclerosis ( vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominant,
lymphocytic depeletion)
• Type of non Hodgkin’s disease
Follicular, small cleaved
• Type of pituitary adenoma
prolactinoma
• Vasculitis
Temporal arteritis (risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of
opthalmic artery)
• Viral encephalitis
HSV
• Vitamin deficiency in US
Folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk, body stores only 3-4
month supply)
Most frequent cause of ….
•
Addison’s disease
Autoimmune (infection is the 2nd most common cause)
•
Aneurysm, dissecting
HTN
•
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
atherosclerosis
•
Aortic aneurysm, ascending
Tertiary syphilis
•
Bacterial meningitis (adults)
Neisseria meningitidis
•
Bacterial meningitis (elderly)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
•
Bacterial meningitis (kids)
Haemophilus influenzae type B
•
Bacterial meningitis (newborns)
E. coli
•
Cancer associated with AIDS
Kaposi sarcoma
•
Congential adrenal hyperplasia
21 hydroxylase deficiency
• Cretinism
Iodine deficient/ hypothyroidism
• Cushing’s syndrome
Corticosteroid therapy (2nd most common cause is excess ACTH secretion by pituitary)
• Death in CML
Blast crisis
• Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
• Dementia
Alzheimer’s (2nd most common is multiinfarct)
• DIC
Gram negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma
• Ejection click
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
• Food poisoning
S. aureus
• Glomerulonephritis (adults)
IgA nephropathy (Berger’s disease)
•
Hematoma- epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (arterial bleeding is first)
•
Hematoma – subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (trauma, venous bleeding is slow)
•
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions (can result in CHF and increase risk of hepatocellualr carcinoma)
•
Hepatic cirrhosis
EtOH
•
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver (often associated with hepatitis B and C)
•
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
•
Hypertension, secondary
Renal disease
•
Hypoparathyroidism
thyroidectomy
•
Hypopituitarism
adenoma
•
Infection in blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
•
Infections in burn victims
pseudomonas
•
Leukemia- adults
AML
•
“machine like” murmur
PDA
•
Mental retardation
Down syndrome (fragile X is second most common cause)
•
MI
atherosclerosis
•
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
•
Myocarditis
Coxasckie B
•
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Membranous glomerulonephritis
•
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids)
•
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
• Osteomyelitis
S aureus
• Osteomyelitis in patients with HbS
Salmonella
• Osteomyelitis with IVDA
Pseudomonas
• Pancreatitis (acute)
EtOH and gallstones
• Pancreatitis (chronic)
EtOH (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
• Peau d’orange
Carcinoma of the breast
• PID
Neisseria gonorrheae (monoarticular arthritis)
• pneumonia in cystic fibrosis, burn infection
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Pneumonia in hospitalized patients
Klebsiella
• Preventable blindness
Chlamydia
• Primary amenorrhea
Turner’s (XO)
• Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenoma
• Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
• Pulmonary HTN
COPD
• Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
• Right sided heart failure
Left sided heart failure
• Sheehan’s syndrome
Postpartum pituitary infarction secondary to
hemorrhage
• SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
• UTI
E coli
• UTI (young women)
E coli or Staphyloccus saprophyticus
Review equations
pg 392-3 of First Aid