Agenda – Thursday, January 29

th • • • Finish S&P practice FRQ Notes over parts of the brain – The cerebrum – The cerebral cortex Homework: Biology Reading Quiz  FRIDAY

Practice FRQ

• 4. Assume you are watching a remake of the movie Frankenstein. In the scene you're viewing, the assistant (Igor) is showing Dr. Frankenstein some body parts that he forgot to put in their newly made Sensational Man. Dr. Frankenstein angrily yells at Igor, "You idiot! What will our Sensational Man do without his_______": a.) cones b.) feature detectors c.) optic nerve d.) cochlea e.) olfactory bulb f.) kinesthetic receptors

Weird Brain Facts

• • • • • Your brain is more active when you are asleep than when you are awake Your brain has zero pain receptors, so it can’t actually feel anything (brain surgery can be conducted on conscious patients) The brain is the fattest organ in the body (60% fat). And it weighs three pounds! And is actually a dull gray color!

You can’t tickle yourself because your brain can differentiate between forced and unexpected tickling Your brain generates enough energy to illuminate a light bulb at any moment of the day

• • • •

The Cerebrum

Outermost structure of the brain Divided into two hemispheres Each hemisphere has four lobes Makes up 85% of the brain’s weight

The Cerebrum -- Lobes

• • • • Frontal ____________________________ Parietal ____________________________ Temporal ___________________________ Occipital ____________________________

Cerebral Cortex

• • The gray-matter covering of the cerebrum Carries on thinking and perceiving

• •

Cerebral Cortex

Gray matter: No special covering – Controls processing, new thoughts, perception, etc.

White matter: Covered in myelin sheath, which speeds up electric signals – Communicates with the rest of the brain

Motor Cortex

• • Controls body movements Motor cortex in each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body

Hemispheres

• Left Hemisphere: – Literal interpretation of speech and language – – Logical reasoning Motor control for right side – Processes right side visual field – Objective analysis – Math skills

Hemispheres

• Right Hemisphere: – Looks “between the lines” – Intuition – “Reading” emotions – – Visual & spatial reasoning Motor control for left side – Processes left side of visual field – – Subjective analysis creativity

Hemispheres

• Connected by the corpus callosum – Connection of neural fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain – Has correlations and connections to sex, handedness, musical ability, and dyslexia

Neuroplasticity

• Brain’s ability to change and reorganize itself in response to damage (brain “rewires” itself) • Neurogenesis: Brain’s recreation of neurons • http://abcnews.go.com/US/gabb y_giffords/fullpage/gabby giffords-journey-recovery 14914428

Hindbrain

• • • Contains most of the brainstem Oldest part of the brain  “Reptilian Brain” Processes work outside of consciousness “Just a shell…driven by mindless instinct”

Parts of the Hindbrain

• • • Medulla: _________________________ Pons: ____________________________ Cerebellum: _______________________

Midbrain

• • Located right above hindbrain Coordinates simple movements with sensory information

Parts of the Midbrain

• Reticular Formation: ____________________

Forebrain

• • Responsible for most complex behaviors & mental processes MOST processes here work outside of consciousness

Parts of the Forebrain

• Thalamus: ___________________________ • • • Hypothalamus: _____________________ Hippocampus: ______________________ Amygdala: _________________________ • Cerebral Cortex: _______________________

Hindbrain

• • • Contains most of the Brainstem Oldest Part of the Brain  “Reptilian Brain” Processes work outside of consciousness

Parts of the Brainstem:

Medulla: Controls Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, & Breathing Pons: Critical to sleep . Also the “Bridge” to the brain.

Behind the Brainstem

Cerebellum: “Little Brain” that coordinates habitual muscle movements (Tracking Object w/ eyes, Playing instrument, Ice Skating) Also Handles Balance & Coordination Prepare body for possible danger!

Forebrain

Responsible for more complex behaviors & mental processes Thalamus: relay center for sensory information except smell

Limbic System (Deals w/ Emotion & Memory)

Hypothalamus: Controls body temp., sexual arousal, hunger, thirst, & Endocrine System. Also controls Biological Rhythms & is a reward center.

Amygdala: Provides emotional context for sensory information.

(Linked to aggression & fear) Hippocampus: Encodes information into long-term memory.

Midbrain

• • Located right above Hindbrain Coordinates simple movements w/ sensory information

Top of the Brainstem

Reticular Formation: Controls level of awareness.

(Without it, we fall into a coma)

• Walking Dead (S.1, E.6) – 19:00 – 23:30