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CHETAN JAIN
An OVERVIEW
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COMPANY PROFILE
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HISTORY OF GSM
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GSM ARCHITECTURE
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GSM FREQUENCY
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SERVICES PROVIDED BY GSM
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FUTURE OF GSM
About The COMPANY
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TCIL, a premier telecommunication consultancy and engineering company with a strong base in Telecommunication & Information Technology (IT), under the aegis of Ministry of Communications, headed by Ministry of Communications and Information Technology.
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TCIL stands for telecomunications consultants india Ltd. Is a leading ISO-9000:2000 certified public sector undertaking
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The TCIL was incorporated in 25 july 1978 by Department of Telecomunication (DOT) .
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A telecommunications solutions supplier.
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Headquarters mainly in East Africa, South Asia, East Asia and Europe.
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MOBILITY”- The Magic Word
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What is Mobility ?
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Access the Technology everywhere whether we are work or play, in the office, grounds or at home. To meet this demand the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) for mobile telephony was introduced in the mid-1980s. A boom is underway, such that many GSM user find life without their phone practically inconceivable.
HISTORY OF GSM
What ?
GSM: Global System for Mobile Communications Formerly: Group Special Mobile
When ?
• 1982: GSM created to set standard.
• 1988: Industrial development started.
• 1991: First Systems
Why ?
Deployed.
Higher digital voice quality.
Low cost alternatives to making calls such as SMS.
Ability to deploy equipment from different vendors.
GSM allows network operators to offer roaming services.
GENERATIONS
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1G :
Analog with limited network services and no roaming facility .
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2G
: Significant advancements to the mobile technology in terms of service sophistication, capacity and quality as they made the communication system digital.
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2.5G
: IN features, SMS are some of the features.
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3G :
Allow communication, information and entertainment services to be delivered via wireless terminals.
AREA COVERED UNDER GSM
GSM Architecture
System Architecture
Mobile Station (MS):
Base Station Subsystem (BSS):
Network Subsystem:
Mobile Equipment (ME) Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Base Station Controller (BSC) Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Home Location Register (HLR) Visitor Location Register (VLR) Authentication Center (AUC) Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
Mobile Station (MS)
• The Mobile Station is made up of two entities: • Mobile Equipment (ME) o
The Mobile Equipment is the hardware used by the subscriber to access the network .
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Uniquely identified by an IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)
o Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) o
Smart card containing the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)
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Allows user to send and receive calls and receive other subscribed services
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Protected by a password or PIN
Base Station Subsystem
Base Station Subsystem is composed of two parts :
1) Base Transceiver Station (BTS) 2) Base Station Controller (BSC) • Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Houses the radio transceivers that define a cell Handles radio-link protocols with the Mobile Station
• Base Station Controller (BSC) Manages Resources for BTS Handles call set up Location update Handover for each MS
Network Subsystem
Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC)
Major MSC Functions : Switching and call routing Charging Service provisioning Communication with HLR Communication with the VLR Communication with other MSCs Control of connected BSCs Direct access to Internet services
Home Location Registers (HLR) : Contains administrative information of each
Visitor Location Registers (VLR) Integrated with MSC o tracks which customers have the phone on and ready to receive a call o periodically updates the database on which phones are turned on and ready to receive calls Authentication Center (AUC) o mainly used for security o data storage location and functional part of the network o Ki is the primary element Equipment Identity Register (EIR) Database that is used to track handsets using the IMEI ,Made up of three sub-classes: The White List,
Frequency allocation for GSM system:-
• Two frequency bands, of 25 MHz each one, have been allocated for the GSM system: 1.the band 890-915MHz has been allocated for uplink direction. 2.the band 935-960MHz has been allocate for down link direction.
GSM FREQUENCY
• GSM systems use radio frequencies between 890 915 MHz for receive and between 935-960 MHz for transmit.
• RF carriers are spaced every 200 kHz, allowing a total of 124 carriers for use.
• An RF carrier is a pair of radio frequencies, one used in each direction.
• Transmit and receive frequencies are always
FREQUENCIES DOWNLINK FREQUENCIES Downlink Uplink 89 0 91 5 93 5 96 0 UPLINK AND DOWNLINK FREQUENCY SEPARATED BY 45MHZ
Services Provided by GSM
Supplementary services
• Call forwarding • Barring of Outgoing Calls • Barring of Incoming Calls • Advice of Charge (AoC) • Call Hold • Call Waiting • Multiparty Service • Calling Line Identification Presentation/Restriction • Closed User Group (CUG)
A Cell
• A cell is the geographic zone covered by one radio transmitter and receiver 7 6 5 2 1 3 4 2 7 6 1 5 Cell 1 Cell 2
GSM Channels