Transcript Document
Addressing Food Security in Bangladesh: Role of MOFDM and FPMU
Food Planning and Monitoring Unit (FPMU) Food Division Ministry of Food and Disaster Management
Presentation to Cambodian Food Security Team
February 22, 2010
Background: Food Security
Near self-sufficiency in rice: production tripled since 1971, but deficit in wheat Significant growth of production of vegetables, fruits, fish, meat and egg, still below requirement Dwindling production of pulses and oilseeds Improving nutritional status, but still high level of malnutrition among children and women ~30% of the population calorie poor, ~37 % income poor
Background : Food Security
Persistent challenges decreasing land, environmental (soil) degradation, increasing population, household level food insecurity, widening consumption & income inequality Emerging challenges
Climate change impacts
• Salinity increase and submergence in the south and • • south-west Uneven temperature stresses and rain fall Drought in the north and north-west • Increased frequency/intensity of natural disasters
World food market volatility/uncertainty
World economic recession
Background: Role of the Govt.
Responsibility of the state under Bangladesh Constitution (art 15 & 18): ensure food, health and nutrition Rules of Business of the Government Allocation of Business to Ministries & Divisions Policy framework: National Food Policy 2006 National Food Policy Plan of Action (2008-2015) PRSP-II Other policies
Institutional Hierarchy
Cabinet: headed by the Honorable PM Ministries and Divisions Agencies Regions, District and Upazila (Sub-district) offices Local Government Institutions at the root (Upazila parishad, Union Parishad) command info
Govt. stakeholders/partners
Food Availability: Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Food & DM, Ministry of Fisheries & Livestock; Agencies-DAE, DGF, DOL, DOF etc.
Access to Food: Ministry of Food & DM Ministry of LGRD&C Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Women & Children Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Social Welfare; Agencies: DGF, DRR, LGRD & RD , DOWCA etc.
Nutrition: Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Ministry of Food & DM, Ministry of Industries, Ministry of LGRD&C; Agencies: BNNC, BBF, DGH, BSTI, IPHN, IPH, DPHE etc.
Role of MOFDM
Ensuring Food security Disaster risk reduction Policy, regulatory and coordinating role
Role of MOFDM: improving access and availability
Guide (design, implement, monitor and evaluate) safety net programs Guide Public Food Distribution System Maintain Public Stock: over 1.3 million MT Public Procurement of food grain-domestic & international: (1.6+1.0) = 2.6 million MT Stabilize market prices: Domestic procurement and Open Market Sale Mobilize financial resources; Manage human resources Monitoring and evaluation, analysis and research
Role of MOFDM: safety net programs Types of social safety net programs:
Cash Transfer (Allowances) Program (e.g.
GR cash)
Cash Transfer (Special) Program (e.g. Cash For Work, Housing support, Fund for disaster risk reduction)
Food Security Programs (e.g. Vulnerable Group Dev., Vulnerable Group Feeding, Test relief, Gratuitous Relief, Food For Works)
Tied Micro-Credit Programs (e.g. VGD)
Employment gen prog. for hard core poor Major criteria:
i) income/asset criteria; ii) occupational criteria; iii) ethnic criteria; iv) gender and children criteria; and v) regional disparity criteria
Role of MOFDM: safety net programs Extended budget:
about 2.8 % of the GDP & 16.94% of public expenditure (Source: PRSP-II)
2.67 million tons of foodgrain allocated for 2009-10 Public food distribution over the years Shift in approach:
charity to development
More targeted
2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 19 97 /9 8 19 98 /9 9 19 99 /0 0 20 00 /0 1 20 01 /0 2 20 02 /0 3 20 03 /0 4 20 04 /0 5 20 05 /0 6 20 06 /0 7 20 07 /0 8
Fiscal year
Monetized Non Monetized Total
Role of MOFDM: safety net programs **Immediate economic improvement effects; *** development effects ; ***empowerment impacts Participants’ Perception about assistance in percent (Khan et al, 2006) Lowest 10% Lowest Quintile 2nd Quintile 3rd Quintile 4th Quintile Top Quintile Total Very Helpful 60.5
Modera tely Helpful 33.8
Slightly Helpful 5.8
Not Helpful 0.0
56.1
37.3
6.6
0.0
56.7
34.1
8.3
0.9
59.2
30.9
9.1
0.9
63.6
26.5
8.9
1.1
50.4
31.5
18.1
0.0
57.6
33.3
8.5
0.5
Issues and challenges of SSNPs
•
Fiscal Constraints:
Dwindling food aid/ unpredictability/delay in aid arrival,
Inadequate storage facilities in PFDS, Insufficient resources to import from own resources,
Limited Coverage, Inadequacy of the Amount of Transfers •
Institutional Constraints:
Absence of Integrated National SSN Policy
, Gender specific risks and insecurity in the labour market; Targeting and leakages •
Information Constraints:
Missing Poor and New Vulnerabilities; Insensitivity to Geographic and Agro Ecology Specific Poverty
MOFDM hierarchy
Honorable Minister Secy, Food divn Secy, DM divn.
•Admin. Wing •Food Wing (2) •
FPMU
DGF • Admin. Wing • Relief & DM Wing (2) Attached Departments DRR, DMB
Role of FPMU……
Established in 1980 at the Planning Commission, now a wing of MOFDM Serve as the policy analysis support unit of MOFDM: Production and Early Warning; Market Monitoring and Government Food Operation Planning; Policy Advisory Research and Food Security Consumption and Nutrition Analysis Provide secretarial functions to Food Planning & Monitoring Committee (FPMC) NFP-POA implementation monitoring
Role of FPMU
Implement relevant decisions by Cabinet Division or other authority in respect of food policy.
Forecast/provide “Early Warning” on food situation based on analysis of (primary and) secondary information. Formulate food security policies; monitor implementation Conduct field study and research on all aspects of food policy, e.g. subsidy, marketing, pricing and distribution policies etc Publish bulletins/reports: daily/fortnightly/monthly/quarterly/research-study reports related to food security
Role of FPMU in Bangladesh Food Policy
Honorable Minister
Food Planning and Monitoring Committee (FPMC) Secretary, Food Director General, FPMU Production and Early Warning Service Market Monitoring and Government Food Operation Policy Adv. Research and Statistical Analysis Food Security Consumption and Nutrition Analysis
Organogram of FPMU
Director General
Research Director (PCRSA) Assoc. Director Assoc Director Research Officer Research Director (PMEW) Assoc.
Director Research Director (MMGFM) Assoc.
Director Assoc.
Director Research Director (FSCN) Assoc.
Director Research Officer Research Officer Research Officer Research Officer Research Officer Research Investigator
Interministerial Committees
Food Planning and Monitoring Committee Early Warning Technical Committee Food Security, Consumption and Nutrition Technical Committee Safety Net Monitoring Committee Food Policy Working Group Thematic Teams (4)
Food Planning and Monitoring Committee
Honorable Minister, MOFDM Honorable Minister, Finance Honorable Minister, LGRD Honorable Minister, Agriculture Cabinet Secretary Secretary, Agriculture Secretary, Finance Secretary, Planning Secretary, IRD Secretary, MOFDM DG, FPMU - Chairman -Member -Member -Member -Member -Member -Member -Member -Member -Member -Member-secretary
Working Linkages of FPMU
Cabinet Division MOFDM
11 Ministries:
MOA, MOFL, MOF, MOLGRD, Planning, MOHFW, MOWCA, MOSW, MOWR, MOEF, etc
Research Org
GOB (BARC, BRRI, BARI), Universities (INFS), International (IFPRI), Non Governmental FPMC FPMU Civil Society
Dev. Partners
UN-FAO, WFP; WB, ADB, EC, USAID etc
GOB Agencies
DGF, DMB, DRR, DAE, BBS, DWCA, DSW, BNNC, SPARSO, DGH, etc Regional/Inter Governmental Org e.g. SAARC
Sources and Information
DGF : Public Procurement, Distribution, Commercial import, Stock, Market price.
DRR, DMB: Disaster Interventions WFP, DEV. PARTNERS: Food Aid, Intl food situation MOA : Fertilizer prices, production, area, yield, etc MO Finance: Food budget, Macro indices DAE : Area of cultivation, Yield, Production, tech adoptn.
BBS : Production, Yield, Population, Consumption, DAM BMD WDB SPARSO FAO SAARC Poverty, irrigation data : Market prices : Weather- Rainfall, Temp, Sunshine : Irrigation data, flood situation : Area of cultivation, Yield, Production : World cereal production, Prices : Regional Food Production, Stock, Management, Safety Standards etc.
FPMU reports
Daily Food Situation Fortnightly Foodgrain Outlook (English & Bengali) Fortnightly Food Scenario Monthly Early Warning Quarterly Food Situation Yearly food situation database pocket book Field production monitoring report (RRA) Food consumption and nutrition monitoring report (RRA) NFP-POA monitoring report
Strengthening of FPMU-ongoing initiatives
Training programs to raise efficiency of the professional staffs Computer aided analysis/tools Communication and IT staffs Electronic database Physical library/Virtual library Reduction of dependency on secondary data Increased field study and research works Under NFPCSP
Conclusion
Analyzing food security policies has been an increasingly complex task Need adaptive capacity to execute the tasks properly Exchange and visits and building networks across countries and regions, among others, are important steps