Transcript www.wordandsword.com

Questions for Mr. Ross
1. What do you do on the sabbath and what
passages authorize these activities?
2. Where does the New Testament (or Old
Testament, for that matter) teach that parts
of the Old Covenant were done away with
while parts of it were not?
Questions for Mr. Ross
3. How could the sabbath, according to Exodus
31.17, be a sign between God and Israel if
all the other nations were included too?
4. Why do you insist on keeping the sabbath
while not insisting on the penalty for not
keeping the sabbath and what passages are
used to justify this inconsistency?
Questions for Mr. Ross
5. In light of Mark 7.18 and Acts 10.9–16, why
are those in the Church of God 7th Day forbidden from eating pork, squirrel, rabbit,
catfish, colas, chocolate, and coffee; what
passages are used to justify these things;
and who decides to choose these laws
while leaving animal sacrifices alone?
Proposition
 The Scriptures teach
that the first day of the
week as a day of worship is enjoined on
God’s people in this age of the world
Affirm: Stan Adams, New Testament Christian
Deny: Robert L. Ross, Church of God 7th Day
Proposition Defined
 ‘Scriptures’: the Bible, the Old
and New
Testaments, the word of God
 ‘teach’:
the word of God says or concludes
something, instruct
 ‘first day of
 ‘a
the week’: Sunday
day of worship’: certain worship has
been ordained for that day
Proposition Defined
 ‘enjoined’:
 ‘God’s
commanded, required, binding
People’: Christians
 ‘this age of the world’: commonly called
Christian age, as opposed to the
Patriarchal or Jewish age; the age that
began with the reign of Christ on the 1st
Pentecost after his resurrection
The Sabbath Under Moses
 Exodus
20.8, Remember the sabbath day,
to keep it holy.
 Clearly this day,
the seventh day of the
week, the sabbath day, was a special day to
the Israelites under the Law of Moses
 We are not debating this
 But,
what became of this day in Christ?
Romans 7.1–7
1 Know ye not, brethren, (for I speak to them
that know the law,) how that the law hath dominion over a man as long as he liveth? 2 For the
woman which hath an husband is bound by the
law to her husband so long as he liveth; but if the
husband be dead, she is loosed from the law of her
husband. 3 So then if, while her husband liveth,
she be married to another man, she shall be called
an adulteress: but if her husband be dead, she is
free from that law; so that she is no adulteress,
though she be married to another man.
Romans 7.1–7
4 Wherefore, my brethren, ye also are become
dead to the law by the body of Christ; that ye
should be married to another, even to him who is
raised from the dead, that we should bring forth
fruit unto God. 5 For when we were in the flesh,
the motions of sins, which were by the law, did
work in our members to bring forth fruit unto
death. 6 But now we are delivered from the law,
that being dead wherein we were held; that we
should serve in newness of spirit, and not in the
oldness of the letter.
Romans 7.1–7
7 What shall we say then? Is the law sin? God
forbid. Nay, I had not known sin, but by the law:
for I had not known lust, except the law had said,
Thou shalt not covet.
Romans 7.1–7
1 … the law … the law … 2 … the law … 4 …
the law … 5 … the law … 6 … the law … 7 …
the law … the law … the law had said, Thou
shalt not covet.
Q: What is ‘the law’ in this context?
A: It clearly includes the 10 Commandments,
including the 4th Commandment—‘Remember the sabbath day to keep it holy.’
Romans 7.1–7
Q: What does Paul say about our relationship to ‘the law,’ that includes keeping the
sabbath, in Christ?
2 … loosed from the law … 3 … free from
that law … 4 … my brethren, ye also are
become dead to the law … 6 … now we are
delivered from the law, that being dead
wherein we were held ….
2 Corinthians 3.1–16
1 Do we begin again to commend ourselves? or need we, as some others, epistles
of commendation to you, or letters of commendation from you? 2 Ye are our epistle
written in our hearts, known and read of all
men: 3 Forasmuch as ye are manifestly
declared to be the epistle of Christ
ministered by us, written not with ink, but
with the Spirit of the living God; not in tables
of stone, but in fleshy tables of the heart.
2 Corinthians 3.1–16
4 And such trust have we through Christ to
God-ward: 5 Not that we are sufficient of
ourselves to think any thing as of ourselves;
but our sufficiency is of God; 6 Who also
hath made us able ministers of the new
testament; not of the letter, but of the spirit:
for the letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life.
2 Corinthians 3.1–16
7 But if the ministration of death, written
and engraven in stones, was glorious, so that
the children of Israel could not stedfastly
behold the face of Moses for the glory of his
countenance; which glory was to be done
away: 8 How shall not the ministration of
the spirit be rather glorious? 9 For if the
ministration of condemnation be glory,
much more doth the ministration of
righteousness exceed in glory.
2 Corinthians 3.1–16
10 For even that which was made glorious
had no glory in this respect, by reason of the
glory that excelleth. 11 For if that which is
done away was glorious, much more that
which remaineth is glorious. 12 Seeing then
that we have such hope, we use great
plainness of speech: 13 And not as Moses,
which put a vail over his face, that the
children of Israel could not stedfastly look to
the end of that which is abolished:
2 Corinthians 3.1–16
14 But their minds were blinded: for until
this day remaineth the same vail untaken
away in the reading of the old testament;
which vail is done away in Christ. 15 But
even unto this day, when Moses is read, the
vail is upon their heart. 16 Nevertheless
when it shall turn to the Lord, the vail shall
be taken away.
2 Corinthians 3.1–16
3 … tables of stone … 7 … written and
engraven in stones … the children of Israel
could not stedfastly behold the face of
Moses for the glory of his countenance … 14
… the old testament ….
Q: What is Paul discussing in this context?
Exodus 34.29–35
29 And it came to pass, when Moses came
down from mount Sinai with the two tables
of testimony in Moses' hand, when he came
down from the mount, that Moses wist not
that the skin of his face shone while he
talked with him. 30 And when Aaron and all
the children of Israel saw Moses, behold, the
skin of his face shone; and they were afraid
to come nigh him. …
Deuteronomy 5.22
22 These words [the 10 Commandments,
vv6–21] the Lord spake unto all your
assembly in the mount out of the midst of
the fire, of the cloud, and of the thick
darkness, with a great voice: and he added
no more. And he wrote them in two tables
of stone, and delivered them unto me.
2 Corinthians 3.1–16
3 … tables of stone … 7 … written and
engraven in stones … the children of Israel
could not stedfastly behold the face of
Moses for the glory of his countenance … 14
… the old testament ….
Q: What is Paul discussing in this context?
A: The 10 Commandments, including
‘Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy’
2 Corinthians 3.1–16
Q: What does Paul say about the 10 Commandments, that includes keeping the
sabbath, in Christ?
6 … the letter killeth … 7 … the ministration
of death, written and engraven in stones … 8
… done away … 9 … ministration of condemnation … 11 … done away … 13 … that which
is abolished … 14 … done away in Christ ….
Colossians 2.13–17
13 And you, being dead in your sins and the
uncircumcision of your flesh, hath he quickened
together with him, having forgiven you all trespasses; 14 Blotting out the handwriting of ordinances
that was against us, which was contrary to us, and
took it out of the way, nailing it to his cross ….
16 Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in
drink, or in respect of an holyday, or of the new
moon, or of the sabbath days: 17 Which are a
shadow of things to come; but the body is of Christ.
Colossians 2.13–17
Q: What is ‘the handwriting of ordinances’?
16 … therefore … in meat, … drink, … holyday,
... new moon, … sabbath days ….
A: Law of Moses, including sabbath
cf. Ephesians 2.15, Having abolished in his
flesh the enmity, even the law of commandments contained in ordinances ….
Colossians 2.13–17
16 Let no man therefore judge you in meat,
or in drink, or in respect of an holyday, or of
the new moon, or of the sabbath days ….
Q: Where these the weekly sabbaths or some
special ‘sabbath feasts’?
1 Chronicles 23.29–31
Col 2.16: … in meat, or in drink [daily], or … an
holyday [yearly], or of the new moon [monthly],
or of the sabbath days [weekly] ….
1 Chr 23.29–31: … for meat offering …; And to
stand every morning …, and likewise at even
[daily]; And to offer all burnt sacrifices unto the
Lord in the sabbaths [weekly], in the new moons
[monthly], and on the set feasts [yearly], …
continually before the Lord ….
2 Chronicles 2.4
Col 2.16: … in meat, or in drink [daily], or … an
holyday [yearly], or of the new moon [monthly],
or of the sabbath days [weekly] ….
2 Chr 2.4: Behold, I build an house to … God, … for
the burnt offerings morning and evening [daily],
on the sabbaths [weekly], and on the new moons
[monthly], and on the solemn feasts [yearly] ….
This is an ordinance for ever to Israel.
2 Chronicles 8.13
Col 2.16: … in meat, or in drink [daily], or … an
holyday [yearly], or of the new moon [monthly],
or of the sabbath days [weekly] ….
2 Chr 8.13: Even after a certain rate every day
[daily], offering according to the commandment
of Moses, on the sabbaths [weekly], and on the
new moons [monthly], and on the solemn feasts
[yearly], three times in the year, ….
1 Chr 23
Daily
Weekly
meat, morn. sabbaths
& evening
2 Chr 2:4
morning &
evening
sabbaths
new
moons
2 Chr 8:13 every day
sabbaths
new
moons
solemn
feasts
morning &
2 Chr 31:3 evening
sabbaths
set feasts
Hos 2:11
sabbaths
new
moons
new
moons
new
moon
Col 2:16
meat &
drink
sabbath
days
Monthly
new
moons
Yearly
set feasts
solemn
feasts
feast days
holyday
Colossians 2.13–17
16 Let no man therefore judge you in meat,
or in drink [daily], or in respect of an holyday
[yearly], or of the new moon [monthly], or of
the sabbath days [weekly] ….
Q: Where these the weekly sabbaths or some
special ‘sabbath feasts’?
A: Clearly these are the weekly sabbaths!
Colossians 2.13–17
Q: What does Paul say happened to these
commandments, including weekly sabbaths,
in Christ?
14 Blotting out the handwriting of ordinances
that was against us, … and took it out of the
way, nailing it to the cross ….
The Sabbath Under Moses
 Exodus
 So,
20.8, was a special day to Israelites
what became of this day in Christ?
 Rom 7,
loosed from, freed from, dead to,
delivered from
2
Cor 3, done away, done away, abolished,
done away in Christ
 Col 2,
blotted out, took out of the way,
nailed to the cross
Now What?
 Clearly the keeping
of the sabbath as a
special day for God’s people was done away
with in Christ
 If
the sabbath is no longer a special day to
God’s people, what day is a special day?
 First, let’s
consider why the sabbath was
special to God’s people of Moses’ age
Deuteronomy 5.12–15
12 Keep the sabbath day to sanctify it, as the Lord
thy God hath commanded thee. 13 Six days thou
shalt labour, and do all thy work: 14 But the
seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: in
it thou shalt not do any work, …. 15 And
remember that thou wast a servant in the land of
Egypt, and that the Lord thy God brought thee out
thence through a mighty hand and by a stretched
out arm: therefore the Lord thy God commanded
thee to keep the sabbath day.
Deuteronomy 5.12–15
 Q:
Why did Moses say the Lord commanded the
Israelites to keep the sabbath day?
 A: Because the
Lord had brought them out of
Egypt and delivered them from bondage
 Consider
this event in its context of Exodus 14–15
Exodus 14.13, 30
13 And Moses said unto the people, Fear ye
not, stand still, and see the salvation of the
LORD, which he will shew to you to day: for
the Egyptians whom ye have seen to day, ye
shall see them again no more for ever. …
30 Thus the Lord saved Israel that day out of
the hand of the Egyptians; and Israel saw the
Egyptians dead upon the sea shore.
Exodus 15.13, 16
13 Thou in thy mercy hast led forth the
people which thou hast redeemed: thou
hast guided them in thy strength unto thy
holy habitation. …
16 Fear and dread shall fall upon them; by
the greatness of thine arm they shall be as
still as a stone; … O Lord, till the people pass
over, which thou hast purchased.
Deuteronomy 5.12–15
 Q:
Why did Moses say the Lord commanded the
Israelites to keep the sabbath day?
 A: Because the
Lord had brought them out of
Egypt and delivered them from bondage
 Consider
this event in its context of Exodus 14–15
 A: Because the
Lord had saved, redeemed, and
purchased them from bondage
 Sound
familiar? It should
Corresponding Day in NT?
 Again,
with the sabbath day being removed,
is there a corresponding day in the NT?
 First, the gospel
writers clearly and painstakingly identify the first day of the week,
the day after the sabbath day, our Sunday,
as the day in which Jesus was raised from
the dead
Matthew 28.1–10
1 In the end of the sabbath, as it began to dawn
toward the first day of the week, came Mary Magdalene and the other Mary to see the sepulchre. 2
And, behold, there was a great earthquake: for the
angel of the Lord descended from heaven, and
came and rolled back the stone from the door, and
sat upon it. … 5 And the angel answered and said
unto the women, Fear not ye: for I know that ye
seek Jesus, which was crucified. 6 He is not here:
for he is risen, as he said. Come, see the place
where the Lord lay. 7 And go quickly, and tell his
disciples that he is risen from the dead ….
Mark 16.1–9
1 And when the sabbath was past, Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James, and Salome,
…. 2 …very early in the morning the first day of the
week, they came unto the sepulchre at the rising of
the sun. … 4 And when they looked, they saw that
the stone was rolled away: …. 5 And entering into
the sepulchre, they saw a young man sitting on the
right side, .... 6 And he saith unto them, Be not
affrighted: Ye seek Jesus of Nazareth, which was
crucified: he is risen; he is not here: behold the
place where they laid him. … 9 Now when Jesus
was risen early the first day of the week, ….
Luke 24.1–10
1 Now upon the first day of the week, very early
in the morning, they came unto the sepulchre,
bringing the spices which they had prepared, and
certain others with them. 2 And they found the
stone rolled away from the sepulchre. 3 And they
entered in, and found not the body of the Lord
Jesus. 4 And it came to pass, as they were much
perplexed thereabout, behold, two men stood by
them in shining garments: 5 And as they were
afraid, and bowed down their faces to the earth,
they said unto them, Why seek ye the living
among the dead? 6 He is not here, but is risen ….
John 20.1–18
1 The first day of the week cometh Mary Magdalene
early, … unto the sepulchre, and seeth the stone
taken away from the sepulchre. … 11 … Mary stood
without at the sepulchre weeping: and as she wept,
she stooped down, and looked into the sepulchre, 12
And seeth two angels … where the body of Jesus had
lain. 13 And they say unto her, Woman, why weepest
thou? … 14 And when she had thus said, she turned
herself back, and saw Jesus standing, and knew not
that it was Jesus. 15 Jesus saith unto her, Woman,
why weepest thou? whom seekest thou? … 16 Jesus
saith unto her, Mary. She turned herself, and saith
unto him, Rabboni; which is to say, Master. …
Corresponding Day in NT?
 First, the gospel
writers clearly and painstakingly identify the first day of the week,
the day after the sabbath day, our Sunday,
as the day in which Jesus was raised from
the dead
 After the gospels
we then see many
references to the resurrection of Jesus
Corresponding Day in NT?
 Why was
the sabbath special to the Jews?
• Deut 5, because the Lord had saved, redeemed,
and purchased them from Egyptian bondage
 Why is
the first day of the week special to
those in Christ under the NT?
• Gospels, Acts 13; Romans 6; 10, because the
Lord was raised on the first day and thereby we
can be saved, redeemed, and set free from the
bondage of sin; not possible under Law of Moses
Special Days of OT and NT
 Exod 20.8,
sabbath special day under Moses
 Rom 7; 2
Cor 3; Col 2, sabbath removed
from being a special day for God’s people
 Gospels,
Acts 13; Rom 6; 10, first day of the
week becomes special day for God’s people
 But
what about worship on this day?
Acts 20.7
7 And upon the first day of the week, when
the disciples came together to break bread,
Paul preached unto them, ready to depart
on the morrow; and continued his speech
until midnight.
Sabbath and Sunday in Acts
 After the sabbath was
removed as the
special day of God’s people, it is mentioned
a few times in Acts
 Many days are mentioned in
Acts, but only
the sabbath day and the first day of the
week are specified
 Why? What was
Luke’s point?
Sabbath and Sunday in Acts
 The sabbath day is specified in Acts 13, 17, 18:
• It is specified as a day when Jews, not disciples
of Christ, assembled
• These Jews, not disciples, met in synagogues
• Paul did meet with them, but for the purpose of
reasoning with them in order to persuade them
to become disciples of Christ
• Many of these Jews, who met in synagogues on
the sabbath, rejected Paul, rejected Christ, and
persecuted Christians
Sabbath and Sunday in Acts
 In other words, after the sabbath was nailed to the
cross, and no longer a special day, it is identified
with Jews, not Christ’s disciples; the synagogue, not
the assemblies of Christ’s disciples; rejection of
Christ and persecution of his disciples!
 Is this really the kind of people you want to be
associated with, Mr. Ross?!
 After Acts the only time the sabbath is mentioned is
in Colossians 2, where Paul said it was blotted out,
taken out of the way, and nailed to the cross!
Sabbath and Sunday in Acts
 After the sabbath day is mentioned for the last
time and after Paul turns his attention away from
the Jews and toward the Gentiles (18.6), Luke
specifies the day in which the disciples of Christ
assembled to worship him
 Acts 20.7,
upon the first day of the week, when
the disciples came together to break bread …
1 Corinthians 16.1–2
1 Now concerning the collection for the
saints, as I have given order to the churches
of Galatia, even so do ye. 2 Upon the first
day of the week let every one of you lay by
him in store, as God hath prospered him,
that there be no gatherings when I come.
Points from 1 Corinthians 16.1–2

‘[F]rom the very beginning, the Lord’s church has
had regular meetings on the first day of the week.
That this was the church’s general practice is evident
from the fact that the churches of Galatia as well as
the church of Corinth were commanded to prepare
the collection on this day of the week.’

cf. 1 Cor 4.17, Paul taught the same thing in all of
the churches
Points from 1 Corinthians 16.1–2

‘The command that the collection be taken on the first
day of the week cannot be harmonized with the interpretation that this refers to every member setting
aside some money at his own home. If this was to be
done in the privacy of one’s own home, why was a
special day mentioned for doing it? The only logical
reason that can be given for specifying a particular day
is that this was the regular day on which the congregation assembled for worship. Hence, Paul commanded that a collection be taken at that assembly.’

Mike Willis, Paul’s First Epistle to the Corinthians (Fairmount: Cogdill Foundation, 1979), 599.
Revelation 1.10
10 I was in the Spirit on the Lord’s day, and
heard behind me a great voice, as of a
trumpet, ….
Points from Revelation 1.10
 The first day
of the week took on the
special meaning of belonging to the Lord
• It was the day in which he was resurrected
• The day in which he was declared to be the
Son of God—Ps 2.7; Acts 13.33; Rom 1.3–4
• The day in which his churched was established
—Acts 2; cf. Lev 23.15–16
Points from Revelation 1.10
 Acts 20.7, the first day of the week was when
his disciples assembled to eat his Supper
 The only 2x the word kyriakos is used in the
Greek OT (LXX) or the NT is in Rev 1.10, where
it is speaks of ‘the Lord’s Day,’ and in 1 Cor
11.20, where it speaks of ‘the Lord’s Supper’
 The
Lord’s Supper and the Lord’s Day are
both unique and belong to the Lord
Points from Revelation 1.10
 On the Lord’s Day (Sunday, the first day of the
week) the Lord’s people, who are in the
Lord’s Kingdom, come together around the
Lord’s Table to eat the Lord’s Supper to proclaim the Lord’s death until the Lord’s return!
 Rev 1.10;
Acts 20.7; 1 Cor 10.21; 11.20, 26
Sunday, a Day of Worship in NT
 Acts
20.7, Christ’s disciples assemble to eat
the Lord’s Supper and to feast on his word
1
Cor 16.1–2, Christ’s disciples assemble to
‘lay by in store’ for the Lord’s work
 Rev 1.10,
the Lord’s Day is a special day that
belongs to the Lord and his people
 Sunday, first day of the week, is a day of wor-
ship for God’s people in this age of the world!
Sunday, a Day of Worship in NT
 Exod 20.8,
sabbath special day under Moses
 Rom 7; 2
Cor 3; Col 2, sabbath removed
from being a special day for God’s people
 Gospels,
Acts 13; Rom 6; 10, first day of the
week became a special day for God’s people
 Acts
20.7; 1 Cor 16.1–2; Rev 1.10, first day
of the week is a day of worship for God’s
people in this age of the world!
Answering
Arguments
Mr. Ross’s Arguments
 The
sabbath was given to Adam and patriarchs
 The sabbath in Law of Moses said to be perpetual
 The sabbath observance by Gentiles prophesied of
 The sabbath was observed by Jesus
 The sabbath was observed by Paul
 The sabbath, according to history, was observed
by disciples of Christ for the first few centuries
 The sabbath, according to history, was removed
and changed to Sunday by Constantine
Sabbath Given to Adam / Patriarchs ???
 Gen 2.3,
And God blessed the seventh day, and
sanctified it: because that in it he had rested
from all his work which God created and made.
 Where is the
command to Adam to keep the
sabbath day?!
 Where is the
penalty for Adam or the patriarchs
not keeping the sabbath day?!
 Where is there
any example of Adam or any of
the patriarchs keeping the sabbath?!
Sabbath Given to Adam / Patriarchs ???
Patriarchal Age
Jewish Age
Gospel Age
No sabbath
command
The sabbath
command
No sabbath
command
No sabbath
example
The sabbath
example
No sabbath
example
No sabbath
penalty
The sabbath
penalty
No sabbath
penalty
2500+ years
1500 years
2000 years
Deut 5.3
Exod 31.12–18
Col 2.14–17
Sabbath Given to Adam / Patriarchs ???
 Absolutely no
reference, zero, from any
source, sacred or secular, that mentions the
keeping of the sabbath before Exodus 16!
 You
may want to argue from silence, but I’m
going to take my stand with the Bible!
Sabbath in LoM Perpetual ???
 Exod 31.16, Wherefore the children of Israel shall
keep the sabbath, to observe the sabbath throughout their generations, for a perpetual covenant.
 The
context of this passage does NOT teach what
you claim it teaches
 Even
this verse clearly says it was to be observed
by “the children of Israel” “throughout their
generations”; nothing about Gentiles or Christians
Sabbath in LoM Perpetual ???

Let’s examine the context of the paragraph, vv12–18

v13, speak … unto the children of Israel; not Gentiles

v13, my sabbaths ye [Israel] shall keep; not Gentiles

v13, it is a sign between me and you; not Gentiles
• cf. example of the sign of engagement or wedding ring

v13, throughout your [Israel’s] generations; not Gentiles

v13, the LORD … doth sanctify you [Israel]; not Gentiles

And that’s just verse 13!
Sabbath in LoM Perpetual ???

Let’s examine the context of the paragraph, vv12–18

v14, ye [Israel] shall keep the sabbath; not Gentiles

v14, everyone [in Israel] that defileth it shall surely be
put to death; but not among Gentiles

v14, that soul shall be cut off from among his people
[of Israel]; nothing about Gentiles

Similar statements in v15
Sabbath in LoM Perpetual ???

Let’s examine the context of the paragraph, vv12–18

v18, he gave unto Moses … two tables of testimony,
tables of stone, written with the finger of God

2 Cor 3, tables of stone … written and engraven in
stones … [given] Moses … which [were] … done away
… done away … abolished … done away in Christ

What does Paul say about the perpetuality of the
sabbath? It was ‘abolished … done away in Christ’!
Sabbath in LoM Perpetual ???

If perpetual means what you say it means, what about:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The perpetuality of burnt offerings, Exod 29.42?
The perpetuality of incense, Exod 30.8?
The perpetuality of atonement, Exod 30.10?
The perpetuality of washing hands/feet, Exod 30.21?
The perpetuality of first fruits, Lev 23.13?
The perpetuality of meat offering, Lev 6.18?
The perpetuality of oil for lamps, Lev 24.3?
The perpetuality of fringes, Num 15.38?
The perpetuality of pentecost, Lev 23.21?
The perpetuality of feast of tabernacles, Lev 23.41?
Isaiah 56.6–7
6 Also the sons of the stranger, that join
themselves to the Lord, to serve him, and to love
the name of the Lord, to be his servants, every
one that keepeth the sabbath from polluting it,
and taketh hold of my covenant; 7 Even them will
I bring to my holy mountain, and make them
joyful in my house of prayer: their burnt offerings
and their sacrifices shall be accepted upon mine
altar; for mine house shall be called an house of
prayer for all people.
Gentile Sabbath Prophesied ???

Isa 56.6–7, Also the sons of the stranger, that join
themselves to the Lord, to serve him, and to love the
name of the Lord, to be his servants, every one that
keepeth the sabbath …

Context is not dealing with what the Gentiles will be
doing in the future, but rather the strangers who
would keep the covenant current at that time, which
included burnt offerings and sacrifices

To bind sabbath here, must bind sacrifices!
Gentile Sabbath Prophesied ???

Isa 58.12–14, … and call the sabbath a delight …

Where is there anything in the context that says this
is what Gentiles would do in the future?

v14 clearly speaks of ‘the heritage of Jacob thy
father,’ obviously the context is dealing with Israel
and their need to repent!

Nothing here about Gentiles keeping the sabbath
Gentile Sabbath in OT ???
 Can
the Gentile observance of the sabbath
be found anywhere in the OT?
 It
is not found in Genesis
 It
is not found in the Law of Moses (Exodus)
 It
is not found in the prophets (Isaiah)
Gentile observance of the sabbath is not
found anywhere in the Old Testament!
Jesus and the Sabbath
 Argument:
Jesus kept the sabbath, therefore his
disciples today must keep the sabbath
 Gal 4.4,
But when the fulness of time was come,
God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made
under the law …
 Yes,
Jesus kept the sabbath because he lived
under the law of Moses!
 Col
2.14–16, but he ended this law in the cross
Jesus and the Sabbath
 Yes,
Jesus kept and commanded the sabbath
also was circumcised on the 8th day, Luke 2.21
— do sabbatarians bind 8th day circumcision?
 He
 He
also commanded to offer gifts (animals) on
the altar, Matt 5.23–24 — do sabbatarians?
 He also
commanded everything taught by Moses
to be observed, Matt 23.2 — do sabbatarians?
Jesus and the Sabbath
 Mark 2.27–28,
The sabbath was made for man,
and not man for the sabbath; Therefore the Son
of man is Lord also of the sabbath.
 In
the context Jesus is addressing misapplications
of the sabbath commandment under Moses
 Nothing—zero,
nada, zilch, in this context about
disciples keeping the sabbath after the cross!
Paul and the Sabbath
 Yes,
Paul and the sabbath are mentioned
together in Acts 13, 17, and 18; but why?
 Was
this when the disciples of Christ
assembled together to worship him?
 Or
does Luke mention the sabbath in connection with Paul for some other reason?
Paul and the Sabbath
 The sabbath day is specified in Acts 13, 17, 18:
• It is specified as a day when Jews, not disciples
of Christ, assembled
• These Jews, not disciples, met in synagogues
• Paul did meet with them, but for the purpose of
reasoning with them in order to persuade them
to become disciples of Christ
• Many of these Jews, who met in synagogues on
the sabbath, rejected Paul, rejected Christ, and
persecuted Christians
Paul and the Sabbath
 In other words, after the sabbath was nailed to the
cross, and no longer a special day, it is identified
with Jews, not Christ’s disciples; the synagogue, not
the assemblies of Christ’s disciples; rejection of
Christ and persecution of his disciples!
 Is this really the kind of people you want to be
associated with, Mr. Ross?!
 After Acts the only time the sabbath is mentioned is
in Colossians 2, where Paul said it was blotted out,
taken out of the way, and nailed to the cross!
Paul and the Sabbath
 After the sabbath day is mentioned for the last
time and after Paul turns his attention away from
the Jews and toward the Gentiles (18.6), Luke
specifies the day in which the disciples of Christ
assembled to worship him
 Acts 20.7,
upon the first day of the week, when
the disciples came together to break bread …
Jesus, Paul, and the Sabbath
Argument: since Jesus and Paul kept the sabbath,
then Christians should keep the sabbath
 Jesus kept the sabbath because he was born and
lived under the law, Gal 4.4! But he took the sabbath
away and nailed it to his cross, Col 2.14
 Paul’s connection with the sabbath in Acts does not
teach that disciples of Christ assembled for worship
on the sabbath; it teaches that Jews met in
synagogues on the sabbath and rejected Christ
 Neither the examples of Jesus or Paul teach that
Christians are to keep the sabbath today

Sabbath and Early Church
 Argument: history
shows that the early
church met on the sabbath, not Sunday
I
challenge you to cite one example of any
local church in the first two centuries that
rejected Sunday in favor of sabbath worship
 What does
history really say?
Sabbath and Early Church
The Didache is a collection of teachings for
Christians and churches dated to 70–120 AD
14:1, And coming together on the Lord’s day
[kuriakēn] of the Lord, break bread ….
Translation: Rick Brannan, The Apostolic Fathers in English (Bellingham,
WA: Logos Bible Software, 2012).
cf. Acts 20:7, Upon the first day of the week, when
the disciples came together to break bread ….
Sabbath and Early Church
Ignatius, an elder of the church in Antioch, wrote
several letters dated to 98–110 AD
Magnesians 9:1, [I]f those who lived in ancient
customs came to newness of hope, no longer
keeping the Sabbath but living according to the
Lord’s day [kuriakēn], on which our life also arose
through him and his death, (which some deny) ….
Translation: Rick Brannan, The Apostolic Fathers in English (Bellingham,
WA: Logos Bible Software, 2012).
Sabbath and Early Church
Philip Schaff, eminent scholar of ‘church history’:
The celebration of the Lord’s Day [which he later
identified as Sunday] in memory of the resurrection
of Christ dates undoubtedly from the apostolic age.
Nothing short of apostolic precedent can account for
the universal religious observance in the churches of
the second century. There is no dissenting voice.
Philip Schaff and David Schley Schaff, History of the Christian Church,
electronic ed. (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1910), 2.5.60.
Sabbath and Early Church
 Argument: history
shows that the early
church met on the sabbath, not Sunday
 What does
 Mr. Ross,
history really say?
history affirms my proposition; it
does nothing for yours!
Sabbath and Constantine
 Argument:
Constantine, a semi-pagan emperor,
changed the day of worship from the sabbath to
Sunday in honor and worship of pagan gods
 Mr.
Ross, if you’re going to quote history, you
really need to try to be a little more accurate
 This
is indeed a common argument
 What
did Constantine actually say?
Constantine’s Edict of AD 321
On the venerable Day of the Sun let the magistrates and
people residing in cities rest, and let all workshops be
closed. In the country, however, persons engaged in
agriculture may freely and lawfully continue their pursuits; because it often happens that another day is not so
suitable for grain-sowing or for vine-planting; lest by
neglecting the proper moment for such operations the
bounty of heaven should be lost. (Given the 7th day of
March, Crispus and Constantine being consuls each of
them for the second time.)
Philip Schaff and David Schley Schaff, History of the Christian Church,
electronic ed. (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1910), 3.7.75, n692.
Sabbath and Constantine
 Argument:
Constantine, a semi-pagan emperor,
changed the day of worship from the sabbath to
Sunday in honor and worship of pagan gods
 Mr.
Ross, where did Constantine say that?
 Constantine’s
edict actually does just the
opposite of what you claim—it affirms that
Sunday, not the sabbath, was the day already
held in high esteem by the early church!
Sabbath and History
 Argument:
history shows that the early church
worshiped on the sabbath and that the day of
worship was changed to Sunday by Constantine
 Just
the opposite! History shows the early church
worshiped on Sunday and not the sabbath
 History shows that Constantine said nothing that
changed the day of worship from sabbath to Sunday
What Else, Mr. Ross?
 Nothing
in the Old Testament, either in Genesis,
the Law of Moses, or the prophets, says a word
about Gentiles keeping the sabbath
 Nothing in the Gospels, Acts, or the NT epistles
says a word about Christians keeping the sabbath
 History teaches the early church from the very
beginning worshiped God on Sunday, the first day
of the week, and not the sabbath
No argument, sacred or secular, proves your
proposition that God’s people in this age of
the world are to keep the sabbath!
Additional
Slides
The Issue Is NOT
 Were the Israelites
/ Jews commanded to
keep the Sabbath under the Law of Moses
 Did New
Testament Christians or apostles
ever assemble or do any teaching on the
Sabbath or any other day of the week
Sunday, a Special Day in NT
 Sunday was
when Jesus was resurrected!
• Matt 28:1–10, end of the sabbath, … toward
the first day of the week … Jesus … is risen!
• Mark 16:1–9, the sabbath was past, … the first
day of the week … Jesus … is risen; … Jesus was
risen … the first day of the week
Sunday, a Special Day in NT
 Sunday was
when Jesus was resurrected!
• Luke 24:1–10, the first day of the week … he …
is risen
• John 20:1–18, the first day of the week … Jesus
standing
Sunday, a Special Day in NT
 Sunday was
when Jesus appeared to many
as the resurrected Lord
•
•
•
•
•
Mary Mag., Mark 16:8–11; John 20:11–18
The other women, Matt 28:9–10
2 disciples, Mark 16:12–13; Luke 24:13–32
Peter, Luke 24:33–35
The 12 (-Thomas), Mark 16:14; Luke 24:36–43;
John 20:19–25
• The 12 (the next Sunday), John 20:26–31
Sunday, a Special Day in NT
 Sunday was
when Christ was declared to be
the Son of God!
• Psalm 2.7, I will declare …, Thou art my Son;
This day have I begotten thee
• Acts 13.33, God … hath raised up Jesus …; as it
is written in the second psalm, Thou art my
Son, this day have I begotten thee.
• Paul said this prophecy was fulfilled when
Jesus was resurrected
Sunday, a Special Day in NT
 Sunday was
when Christ was declared to be
the Son of God!
• Psalm 2.7, I will declare …, Thou art my Son;
This day have I begotten thee
• Romans 1.4, And declared to be the Son of
God … by the resurrection from the dead
• What day was Jesus resurrected? Sunday
• He was declared the Son of God on Sunday!
Sunday, a Special Day in NT
 Sunday was
when all the events in Acts 2
occurred, being the day of Pentecost
• Pentecost always fell on a Sunday
• Lev 23:15–16, the morrow after the sabbath,
…. Even unto the morrow after the seventh
sabbath shall he number fifty days ….
• Always on the day after a sabbath = Sunday
• ‘fifty’ in LXX is pentēkonta = Pentecost
Sunday, a Special Day in NT
 Sunday was
when all the events in Acts 2
occurred, being the day of Pentecost
• Holy Spirit given fulfilling Joel’s prophecy on
Sunday, Joel 2:28–32; Acts 2:1–4, 16–21
• The church, mountain of the Lord’s house,
established on Sunday, Isa 2:2–3; Acts 2:17
• Christ crowned as king on his throne on
Sunday, Zech 6:13; Acts 2:29–36
Sunday, a Special Day in NT
 Sunday was
when all the events in Acts 2
occurred, being the day of Pentecost
• The New Law went into effect as the word
went forth from Jerusalem on Sunday, Isa 2:3;
Luke 24:47–49; Acts 2 (cf. Jer 31:31–34)
• First gospel sermon proclaiming Jesus as Son
of God preached on Sunday, Acts 2:22–36
Sunday, a Special Day in NT
 Sunday was
when all the events in Acts 2
occurred, being the day of Pentecost
• 3,000 souls, the first fruits of gospel harvest,
added to the church on Sunday, Lev 23:17;
Acts 2:41, 47
• The ‘beginning’ of the church was on Sunday,
Acts 11:15; 2:1–4
Sunday, Day of Assembly
& Special Worship in NT
 1 Cor 11:17–34, Paul said the church was to
come together to eat the Lord’s Supper
 Esp.
note vv17, 18, 20, 33, 34, all say ‘come
together’ ‘in the church’ (v18)
 cf.
1 Cor 14:23, 26
 But
when was this assembly to occur?
Sunday, Day of Assembly
& Special Worship in NT
 Acts
20:6, Paul and his companions stayed
in Troas for seven days, despite being in a
hurry to get to Jerusalem (cf. 20:16; 21:4)
 Why the delay?
 What did they do
 Only ONE
for the seven days?
thing is mentioned!
Sunday, Day of Assembly
& Special Worship in NT
 Acts
20:7, And upon the first day of the
week, when the disciples came together to
break bread ….
 ‘break bread’ = Lord’s Supper, cf.
1 Cor
10:16; 11.23–24; Matt 26.26 & parallels
 This is
NOT a common meal; didn’t stay for
seven days to eat a common meal
Sunday, Day of Assembly
& Special Worship in NT
1
Cor 11:17ff, church in Corinth to eat the
Lord’s Supper when they came together
 When was
 Acts
the church supposed to do this?
20:7, church in Troas came together on
Sunday to eat the Lord’s Supper!
Sunday, Day of Assembly
& Special Worship in NT
1
Cor 4:17; 7:17; 16:1, Paul taught the same
things in all churches
 Every
church is to assemble to eat the
Lord’s Supper on Sundays!
 Does
your church eat the Lord’s Supper, Mr.
Ross? If so, on what day? And what passage
do you use for authority?
Sunday, Day of Assembly
& Special Worship in NT
 1 Cor 16:1–2, concerning the collection … I
have given orders to the churches of Galatia,
… so do ye. Upon the first day of the week let
every one of you lay by him in store ….
• This collection was something to be done in all
the churches (cf. 1 Cor 4:17; 7:17), making it a
religious service
• This religious service for churches was to
conducted on Sundays!
Sunday Is the Lord’s Day
 Rev 1:10,
I was in the Spirit on the Lord’s
day, and heard behind me a great voice ….
 What does
 The
this mean, ‘the Lord’s day’?
word (kuriakós) is not a regular
possessive word, as in day of the Lord, but
rather an adjective describing something
that belongs to the Lord
Sunday Is the Lord’s Day
 It
is a completely different expression than
the phrase “day of the Lord” in 2 Peter
3:10; 1 Thess 5:2 (2 Thess 2:2 ASV) and the
similar OT expressions
 Only used
one other time in the NT, in 1 Cor
11:20, where it refers to the Lord’s Supper
Sunday Is the Lord’s Day
 However,
there is a special day that John
refers to as ‘the Lord’s Day,’ so what day
was especially connected with the Lord?
 The
 All
first day of the week, Sunday!
of our previous points have emphasized
this fact, Sunday was special to the Lord
Sunday Is the Lord’s Day
 Sunday was
the day the Lord was raised
from the dead, Matthew 28:1 & parallels
 Sunday was
the day the Lord was declared
to be the Son of God, Psalm 2:7; Acts
13:33; Romans 1:4 w/ Matthew 28:1, etc.
 Sunday was
the day the Lord was first
preached as being the Savior, Acts 2
Sunday Is the Lord’s Day
 Sunday was
the day the Lord’s church was
established, Acts 2; 11:15
 Sunday was
the day the Lord’s people remembered his death in the eating of the
Lord’s Supper, Acts 20:7; 1 Cor 11:17ff
• The Lord’s Day is the day the Lord’s Supper is
to be eaten!
Sunday Is the Lord’s Day
 Sunday was
the day the Lord’s people collected funds for his work, 1 Cor 16:1–2
 No
other day of the week held the same
significance for the Lord and his people
 The
 But
Bible shows the Lord’s Day is Sunday
let’s consider the meaning and usage of
this word John used in Revelation 1:10
Sunday Is the Lord’s Day
BDAG: [kuriakós, ē, on] pertaining to belonging to
the Lord, the Lord’s … the Lord’s Supper 1 Cor
11:20. … the Lord’s day … i.e. certainly Sunday (so
in Modern Greek …) Rv 1:10. … For this … Didache
14:1. … Gospel of Peter 9:35; 12:50. … observe the
Lord’s day (opposed [to the sabbaths]) Ignatius to
the Magnesians 9:1 ….
[BDAG] A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Early Christian
Literature. 3rd ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000).
Sunday Is the Lord’s Day
TDNT: It [kuriakós] occurs twice in the NT: 1 C.
11:20 …, and Rev. 1:10. … The Lord’s Day takes its
significance from the resurrection of Christ. The
[kuriakós] … became the day when the
congregations assembled, Ac. 20:7; Did. 14.1 ….
John’s Gospel emphasises that Jesus rose on the
first day of the week, Jn 20:1, 19, 26 ….
Gerhard Kittel, et al., eds. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament
(Grand Rapids, MI: W. B. Eerdmans, 1964–).
Sunday Is the Lord’s Day
Little Kittel: kyriakós. This adjective, meaning “of
the lord or owner,” occurs in the NT in 1 Cor 11:20
and Rev. 1:10 for the Lord’s Supper and the Lord’s
Day. … As regards the latter, the day of Christ’s
resurrection takes on special significance (cf. Jn.
20:1; Acts 20:7; 1 Cor. 16:2). [cont.]
Sunday Is the Lord’s Day
Little Kittel: kyriakós. … Already the first day is
important to Judaism as the day when creation
began, and it becomes a special day of Christian
assembly as the beginning of a new aeon.
Geoffrey W. Bromiley, ed. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament:
Abridged in One Volume (Grand Rapids, MI: W. B. Eerdmans, 1985).
Sunday Is the Lord’s Day
Robertson: Rev. 1:10. … On the Lord’s Day …. the
Christians … take this term, already in use, and
apply it to the first day of the week in honour of
the Lord Jesus Christ’s resurrection on that day
(Didache 14, Ignatius Magn. 9). … It has no
reference to hēmera kurio (the day of judgment, II
Pet. 3:10).
A. T. Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Testament (Nashville, TN:
Broadman Press, 1933).
Sunday Is the Lord’s Day
Vincent: Rev. 1:10. … On the Lord’s day (en kuriakē
hēméra). … The first day of the week, the festival of
the Lord’s resurrection. Not … the day of judgment
… (2 Thess 2:2); … (2 Pet. 3:10); or … (Philip. 2:16)
….
Marvin Richardson Vincent, Word Studies in the New Testament (New York:
Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1887).
Sunday Is the Lord’s Day
Zodhiates: kuriakós; fem. kuriakē, …. Belonging to a
lord or ruler. Only in 1 Cor. 11:20; Rev. 1:10 as
belonging to Christ, to the Lord, having special
reference to Him. Hence, Kuriakē, which came to
mean Kuriakē Hēméra, the “Day of the Lord,” what
we call Sunday. It was kept in commemora-tion of
Christ’s resurrection (John 20:19–23; Acts 20:7;
1 Cor. 16:2 [see Rev. 1:10]).
Spiros Zodhiates, The Complete Word Study Dictionary: New Testament
(Chattanooga, TN: AMG Publishers, 2000).
Sunday Is the Lord’s Day
 The
next few charts contain quotes from nonbiblical ancient documents that were contemporary with John’s writing of Revelation
 These
are the documents referred to in the
definitions from the lexicons in previous charts
 These quotations
are simply used to show that
the word John used in Rev 1:10 (kuriakē) was in
common use and clearly meant Sunday
Sunday Is the Lord’s Day
 “The Gospel of
Peter” in the Akhmîm papyrus
“was a narrative gospel of the synoptic type
which circulated in the mid-1st century under
the authority of the name Peter.”
Paul Allan Mirecki, “Peter, Gospel of” in vol. 5, The Anchor Yale Bible
Dictionary, ed. David Freedman (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 278.
 Other
 The
scholars date it to 70–150 AD
Gospel of Peter describes the crucifixion and
resurrection of Jesus from the dead
Sunday Is the Lord’s Day
Gos. Pet. 9:35, Now on the night when the Lord’s
Day [hē kuriakē] was drawing on, as the soldiers
kept guard by two and two ….
Gos. Pet. 12:50, Now at dawn on the Lord’s Day
[tēs kuriakēs] Mary Magdalene, a female disciple of
the Lord … took with her her female friends, and
came to the sepulchre where He was laid.
Translation: H. B. Swete, The Akhmîm Fragment of the Apocryphal Gospel
of St. Peter (London: MacMillan and Co., 1893).
Sunday Is the Lord’s Day
The Didache is a collection of teachings for
Christians and churches dated to 70–120 AD
14:1, And coming together on the Lord’s day
[kuriakēn] of the Lord, break bread ….
Translation: Rick Brannan, The Apostolic Fathers in English (Bellingham,
WA: Logos Bible Software, 2012).
cf. Acts 20:7, Upon the first day of the week, when
the disciples came together to break bread ….
Sunday Is the Lord’s Day
Ignatius, an elder of the church in Antioch, wrote
several letters dated to 98–110 AD
Magnesians 9:1, [I]f those who lived in ancient
customs came to newness of hope, no longer
keeping the Sabbath but living according to the
Lord’s day [kuriakēn], on which our life also arose
through him and his death, (which some deny) ….
Translation: Rick Brannan, The Apostolic Fathers in English (Bellingham,
WA: Logos Bible Software, 2012).
Sunday Is the Lord’s Day
Philip Schaff, eminent scholar of ‘church history’:
The celebration of the Lord’s Day [which he later
identified as Sunday] in memory of the resurrection of
Christ dates undoubtedly from the apostolic age.
Nothing short of apostolic precedent can account for
the universal religious observance in the churches of
the second century. There is no dissenting voice.
Philip Schaff and David Schley Schaff, History of the Christian Church,
electronic ed. (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1910), 2.5.60.
Sunday Is the Lord’s Day
Sunday in modern Greece
2nd [Day]
3rd [Day]
4th [Day]
5th [Day]
Preparation [Day], Mk 15.42
Sabbath, Mk 15.42; 16.1–2
Lord’s [Day], Mk 16.2; Rev 1:10
Eastern Europe phrasebook. 4th ed. (Footscray, Victoria, Australia: Lonely
Planet Publications, 2007), 175.
Sunday Proposition
 Sunday is
a special day to NT Christians
• Mt 28; Mk 16; Lk 24; Jn 20 | Ps 2:7; Acts 13:33;
Rom 1:4 | Joel 2; Isa 2; Zech 6; Acts 2
 Sunday is
a day of worship for NT Christians
• 1 Cor 11:17–34; 14:23, 26; Acts 20:6–7 |
1 Cor 16:1–2; 4:17; 7:17
 Sunday is
the Lord’s Day for NT Christians
• Rev 1:10; Mt 28; Mk 16; Lk 24; Jn 20; Acts 20:7
Laws NOT Repeated, NOT Binding
Great Britain
• Murder is illegal
• Theft is illegal
• Perjury is illegal
• Must pay taxes
• Subject of the Queen
United States of America
• Murder is illegal
• Theft is illegal
• Perjury is illegal
• Must pay taxes
• ???
Laws NOT Repeated, NOT Binding
Ezekiel 20:10–12, Wherefore I caused them [house
of Jacob/Israel, v5; cf. v13] to go forth out of the
land of Egypt, and brought them into the
wilderness. And I gave them my statutes, and
shewed them my judgments, which if a man do, he
shall even live in them. Moreover also I gave them
my sabbaths, to be a sign between me and them,
that they might know that I am the Lord that
sanctify them.
Laws NOT Repeated, NOT Binding
Nehemiah 9:13–14, Thou camest down also upon
mount Sinai, and spakest with them [our fathers,
v9] from heaven, and gavest them right judgments,
and true laws, good statutes and commandments:
And madest known unto them thy holy sabbath,
and commandedst them precepts, statutes, and
laws, by the hand of Moses thy servant ….
Laws NOT Repeated, NOT Binding
Old Covenant
• Adultery is sin
• Murder is sin
• Theft is sin
• Lying is sin
• Keep the Sabbath
New Covenant
• Adultery is sin
• Murder is sin
• Theft is sin
• Lying is sin
• ???
Smite v. Speak / Saturday v. Sunday
•
•
•
•
•
Exodus 17
No water to drink, v1
Take thy rod, v5
Smite the rock, v5
Moses did so, he
smote the rock, v6
Moses is faithful
•
•
•
•
•
Numbers 20
No water, v2
Take the rod, v7
Speak to the rock, v8
Instead, Moses
smote the rock, v11
Moses failed to
believe / sanctify
God, punished, v12
Smite v. Speak / Saturday v. Sunday
Old Covenant / Israel New Covenant / Christians
• Remember the sab• Lord raised on
bath day, Exod 20:8
Sunday, John 20:1
• Keep my sabbaths,
• Disciples met on
Lev 19:3, 30; 26:2
Sunday, Acts 20:7
• Keep the sabbath day, • Churches met on
Deut 5:12
Sunday, 1 Cor 16:1–2
• Sabbath given to
• Lord’s Day, special day,
Israel, Neh 9:13–14
Sunday, Rev 1:10
Smite v. Speak / Saturday v. Sunday
Old Covenant / Israel
• When Israel kept the
sabbath, faithful
New Covenant / Christians
• When God’s people
worship him on the
Lord’s Day, faithful
• When Israel failed to
• When God’s people
keep the sabbath,
fail to worship him on
punished, Num 15:36
the Lord’s Day, punished, Heb 10:24–31
Acts 20:7–10, Resurrection Theme
 v7, 1st
day of the week, when Jesus was
resurrected (cf. John 20:1)
 v7,
to eat the Lord’s Supper (lit. ‘break
bread’), memorial of Jesus’ death and
resurrection (cf. 1 Cor 11:23–27)
 vv9–10, Eutychus
raised from the dead
Israel NEW to the Sabbath
 Sabbath NOT mentioned before Exodus
16
 Sabbath was
only made known at Mt. Sinai
after leaving Egypt, Nehemiah 9:13–14,
meaning it was NOT known prior to then
 In
Exodus 16:4–5, 22–30, God tested
whether or not they would keep his laws
with the first mention of the sabbath
Israel NEW to the Sabbath
 The sabbath of
Exodus 16 was not the same
as the sabbath of Exodus 20 and following
because the penalty of violating the latter
was death (Exod 31:13–17) and the
violators in Exodus 16 were not put to
death (v27ff)
 Again
the sabbath of Exodus 16 was given
as a test; it was something new!
Israel NEW to the Sabbath
 The people of
Israel were NOT familiar with
the sabbath before Exodus 16
• Exod 16:22–23, the rulers of Israel didn’t know
what the Sabbath was about, had to be told
• Exod 16:27, others in Israel didn’t yet realize
they weren’t supposed to work on the sabbath
Israel NEW to the Sabbath
 Events of
Numbers 15:32–36 show that
Israel was not familiar with the sabbath and
that it was something NEW for them
• A man violated the sabbath, picked up sticks
• They recently learned it was wrong, but were
confused about what to do with the man
• God had to tell them what to do, because the
sabbath was NEW, they were learning about it
Not Known/Made Known to Fathers
 In
Deut 5:3 Moses said the covenant with
the Sabbath (vv12–15) was not made
known to ‘our fathers,’ meaning Abraham,
Isaac, and Jacob (1:8)
 In
Nehemiah 9:9–14, the Levites (v5) said
God made known the covenant with the
Sabbath to ‘our fathers,’ meaning those
God brought out of Egypt to Mt. Sinai
Deut 5.3: Who Are ‘Our Fathers’?
 1:8,
your fathers, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob
 6:10, thy fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to
Jacob
 9:5, thy fathers, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob
 29:13, thy fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and
to Jacob
 30:20, thy fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and
to Jacob
Deuteronomy 5:1–22
 vv2–3, 10–15,
God made a covenant that
included the sabbath
 v2,
God made this covenant with ‘us’
• Us = ‘all Israel … O Israel’ (v1)
• This covenant was not made with any other
nations past, present, or future
• This covenant was not made with Gentiles
Deuteronomy 5:1–22
 vv2–3, 10–15,
God made a covenant that
included the sabbath
 v2,
God made this covenant in Horeb
• cf. Exod 3:1, 12; 19:1–2; Num 10:33
• God did not make this covenant in Eden with
all people, but at Horeb with Israel alone
• God did not make this covenant before Horeb,
but with Israel who alone was at Horeb
Deuteronomy 5:1–22
 vv2–3, 10–15,
God made a covenant that
included the sabbath
 v3,
God did NOT make this covenant with
‘our fathers’
• ‘our fathers’ = Abraham, Isaac, Jacob (1.8)
• God did NOT make this covenant with
Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Adam and Eve, nor with
anyone else prior to Israel!
Deuteronomy 5:1–22
 vv2–3, 10–15,
God made a covenant that
included the sabbath
 v6,
‘brought thee out … of Egypt’ =
covenant made with Israel, NOT Gentiles
and NOT ALL people
 vv12–15, covenant incl. 10 Commandments
Deuteronomy 5:1–22
 vv2–3, 10–15,
God made a covenant that
included the sabbath
 v15b,
‘therefore the Lord they God commanded thee to keep the Sabbath’
• Why is the ‘therefore’ ‘there for’?
• v15a, BECAUSE they (Israel) were a servant in
Egypt & God brought them (Israel) out of Egypt
• Keeping the sabbath was NOT given to others
who were not delivered by God from Egypt!
Deut 5:1–22 Summary
 God
made a covenant that included ‘keep the
sabbath day to sanctify it’
 He made this covenant only with Israel,
NOT with any other nation or people
 He made this covenant at Mt. Horeb,
NOT before and NOT in the Garden of Eden
 He did NOT make this covenant with the fathers:
Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, or Adam
 He made this covenant with those he brought out
of Egypt, NOT with any other nation or people
Argument: God Never Changes
 No
one denies this fundamental truth!
 This
is NOT the issue!
 The issue IS
has God made different
covenants with and given different
commandments to different people in
different ages?
Argument: God Never Changes
 Gen
2:15, God commanded Adam to ‘dress’
and ‘keep’ the Garden of Eden
• Using my opponents reasoning: Adam is the
father of all people, therefore this is a
universal commandment—ALL people are
required to ‘dress’ and ‘keep’ the Garden
• Does my opponent practice or teach this?
• Notice how Adam was NOT commanded to
‘keep’ the sabbath
Argument: God Never Changes
 Gen
6:14, God commanded Noah to build
an ark of gopher wood, etc.
• Using my opponents reasoning: Noah is the
father all people today (Gen 9:1), therefore
this is a universal commandment—ALL people
are required to build an ark
• Is my opponent currently engaged in such a
building project and teaching others to do so?
Argument: God Never Changes
 Exod 31:16,
the children of Israel shall keep
the sabbath, to observe the sabbath
throughout their generations ….
• cf. Deut 5:3; Nehemiah 9:13–14
• This commandment was given to ‘the children
of Israel’ and NOT to Gentile peoples
• Just like the command to ‘keep’ the Garden
was given to Adam and the command to build
an ark was given to Noah; NOT to us today
Colossians 2:16
Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in
drink, or in respect of an holyday, or of the
new moon, or of the sabbath days
 Question: what
are the ‘sabbath days’?
 Are they the weekly
sabbath or special
annual festival sabbaths?
Colossians 2:16
Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in
drink, or in respect of an holyday, or of the
new moon, or of the sabbath days
 Some
contend the plural ‘sabbath days’
means Paul only referred to special annual
sabbaths, and not to the weekly sabbath
 What saith the Scripture?
Colossians 2:16
 Exodus
•
•
•
•
31:12–18
v13, my sabbaths ye shall keep
v14, ye shall keep the sabbath therefore
v15, the seventh [day] is the sabbath / day
v16, the sabbath (2x)
 sabbaths = the sabbath day
 Col 2:16,
sabbath days = weekly sabbath
Colossians 2:16
 Matthew
12:1–13
• vv5, 10, 12, sabbath days
• vv1, 2, 5, 8, 11, 12, sabbath day
 sabbath days
 Col
= sabbath day
2:16, sabbath days = weekly sabbath
Col 2:16 / 1 Chron 23:29–31
Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink
[daily], or in respect of an holyday [yearly], or of
the new moon [monthly], or of the sabbath days
[weekly] ….
And to stand every morning …, and likewise at even
[daily]; And to offer all burnt sacrifices unto the
Lord in the sabbaths [weekly], in the new moons
[monthly], and on the set feasts [yearly], …
continually before the Lord ….
Col 2:16 / 2 Chron 2:4
Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink
[daily], or in respect of an holyday [yearly], or of
the new moon [monthly], or of the sabbath days
[weekly] ….
Behold, I build an house to … God, … for the burnt
offerings morning and evening [daily], on the
sabbaths [weekly], and on the new moons
[monthly], and on the solemn feasts [yearly] ….
This is an ordinance for ever to Israel.
Col 2:16 / 2 Chron 8:13
Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink
[daily], or in respect of an holyday [yearly], or of
the new moon [monthly], or of the sabbath days
[weekly] ….
Even after a certain rate every day [daily], offering
according to the commandment of Moses, on the
sabbaths [weekly], and on the new moons
[monthly], and on the solemn feasts [yearly], three
times in the year, ….
Col 2:16 / 2 Chron 31:3
Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink
[daily], or in respect of an holyday [yearly], or of
the new moon [monthly], or of the sabbath days
[weekly] ….
[A]lso … for the burnt offerings, … for the morning
and evening [daily] burnt offerings, and the burnt
offerings for the sabbaths [weekly], and for the
new moons [monthly], and for the set feasts
[yearly], as it is written ….
Col 2:16 / Hosea 2:11
Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink
[daily], or in respect of an holyday [yearly], or of
the new moon [monthly], or of the sabbath days
[weekly] ….
I will also cause all her mirth to cease,
Her feast days [yearly], her new moons
[monthly], and her sabbaths [weekly],
and all her solemn feasts.
1 Chr 23
Daily
Weekly
meat, morn. sabbaths
& evening
2 Chr 2:4
morning &
evening
sabbaths
new
moons
2 Chr 8:13 every day
sabbaths
new
moons
solemn
feasts
morning &
2 Chr 31:3 evening
sabbaths
set feasts
Hos 2:11
sabbaths
new
moons
new
moons
new
moon
Col 2:16
meat &
drink
sabbath
days
Monthly
new
moons
Yearly
set feasts
solemn
feasts
feast days
holyday
Colossians 2:14–17
Blotting out the handwriting of ordinances that
was against us, which was contrary to us, and took
it out of the way, nailing it to his cross ….
Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink,
or in respect of an holyday, or of the new moon, or
of the sabbath days: Which are a shad-ow of things
to come; but the body is of Christ.
Colossians 2:14–17
 What was in the handwriting of ordinances?
• [daily] meat and drink, [yearly] holydays,
[monthly] new moons, [weekly] sabbaths
 What happened to
these things?
• Weekly sabbaths were blotted out
• Weekly sabbaths were taken away
• Weekly sabbaths were nailed to the cross
Colossians 2:14–17 Summary
 Jesus,
‘blotting out the handwriting of
ordinances, … took it out of the way, nailing
it to his cross’; this included the weekly
‘sabbath days’ (v16)
 So
what happened to the weekly sabbath?
• Weekly sabbaths were blotted out
• Weekly sabbaths were taken away
• Weekly sabbaths were nailed to the cross
Deut 5:1–22 & Col 2:14–17
 Deut 5: God gave the sabbath to Israel, who
he brought out of Egypt, at Mt. Horeb, NOT
to their fathers, NOT to the Gentiles, NOT in
the Garden of Eden
 Col
2: when Jesus died on the cross weekly
sabbaths were blotted out, taken away, and
nailed to his cross; they are no more
Jesus Kept the Sabbath
 No
one denies this; this is NOT the issue
 Gal
4:4, Jesus lived under the Old Law
 Heb
9:17, the Law of Christ only went to
effect AFTER he died
 Col 2:14–17,
when he died sabbaths were
blotted out, taken away, nailed to his cross
Jesus Did Not End Old Law ???
 Matt
5:17, Jesus came not to destroy, but
to fulfill the Old Law
 Argument: Jesus
did not end the Old Law
 Col 2:14, Jesus took Old Law out of
 Eph
the way
2:15, Jesus abolished the Old Law
 Rom 10:4,
Jesus fulfilled the Old Law in that
he ‘is the end of the law’
Jesus Gave ALL NT in Gospels
 Argument: Jesus
had to reveal everything in
his will before his death
 John
16:12–16, Jesus still had ‘many things
to say unto’ the apostles that the Holy Spirit
would ‘speak of’ after his death
1
Cor 14:37, Paul wrote ‘commandments of
the Lord,’ including 11:17–34; 16:1–2
Paul Kept the Sabbath
 Argument:
Paul, as an apostle, kept the Sabbath
in worshiping God
 No
one denies Paul visited synagogues on some
sabbaths; this it not the issue
 Where did Paul eat Lord’s Supper on the sabbath?
 Acts 9:20, 22; 17:1–4, Paul taught on the sabbath
and ‘confounded the Jews … proving that this is
very Christ’; some believed and left synagogue!
Sabbath & Acts 15
 Discussion
not only about circumcision, also
about keeping ‘the law of Moses,’ vv5, 21, 24
 Paul
dissented and disputed the need to keep
the Law of Moses, v2
 Peter said
they should not ‘put a yoke upon the
neck of the [Gentile] disciples’ by teaching them
to keep the Law of Moses, v10
Sabbath & Acts 15
 James said ‘that we trouble not them … Gentiles’
by teaching them to keep the Law of Moses, v19
 The apostles and elders at Jerusalem never
commanded anyone to teach that the Gentiles
keep the Law of Moses, v24; 16:4
 It seemed good to the Holy Ghost, apostles,
elders at Jerusalem not to burden the Gentiles
with keeping the law of Moses, v28
Sabbath & Galatians
 The Law
of Moses, including the sabbath, is
the topic of Galatians, 3:17, 19; 4:25
 How does Paul describe you who want to
keep the Law of Moses today?
•
•
•
•
•
Christ shall profit you nothing, 5:2
You are a debtor to do the whole law, 5:3
Christ is of no effect unto you, 5:4a
Ye are fallen from grace, 5:4b
Paul wishes you were ‘cut off,’ 5:12
Sabbath, Acts 15, Galatians
Opponent
Acts 15
__
N __ Y

__
N
__
Y
•
Paul
?
• Circumcision
__
N __ Y

•
Peter
__
N
__
Y
• Sabbath

__
N __ Y
•
James

__
N
__
Y
• Law of Moses
?
• Apostles __
 N __ Y
• Elders
__
 N __ Y
Who’s Right???
• Holy Ghost __
 N __ Y
‘Let God be true, but every man a liar,’ Rom 3:4
Lord’s Supper = Annual ???
 Argument:
the Lord’s Supper may be eaten on
Sunday, Acts 20:7, but this was only once a year
on the 14th day of the 1st month
 The
annual event in Law of Moses that occurred
the 14th day of the 1st month was the Passover
and the feast of unleavened bread, Exod 12
 According to Acts 20:6 this had already occurred
when the disciples in Troas came together on the
first day of the week to eat the Lord’s Supper
Between Cross & Pentecost
Old President/New Pres.
Old Law / New Law
• Election Day, Nov
• Cross of Jesus
–Old President voted out
–New President voted in
–Old Law nailed to cross
–New Law commissioned
• Inauguration Day, Jan 20 • Pentecost
–Old President no longer
–New President in office
–Old Law no longer
–New Law proclaimed
Between Cross & Pentecost
Last Will and Testament
New Testament
• Death of person
• Death of Jesus
• Some days pass
• Some days pass
• Reading and execution • Reading and execution
of their last will and
of his testament
testament
Sabbath: 60x in 55vv (KJV)
 Argument:
sabbath mentioned more than the first
day of the week / Sunday / Lord’s Day
 50x in Gospels,
people still under Law of Moses
 9x in Acts; 1x length of journey; 8x Paul
persuading Jews to accept Christ and his day!
 1x in Romans–Revelation! in Col 2:16 Paul teaches
weekly sabbaths were blotted out, taken out, and
nailed to the cross
Sabbath: 60x in 55vv (KJV)
 Argument:
sabbath mentioned more than the first
day of the week / Sunday / Lord’s Day
 Sin: 220x in 185vv (KJV NT)
 Godly/Godliness: 52x in 26vv (KJV NT)
 Does this make sin more important than
godliness or mean we should sin instead of practice
godliness? If not, why not?
Law of Moses from Angels?
 Acts
7:53; Gal 3:19; Heb 2:2 all allude that the
Law of Moses was delivered by angels
• Why is this? Is this stated in the OT???
 Deut
33:2 (LXX), And he said: ‘The Lord came
from Sinai / and displayed himself to us from
Seir / and made haste from Mount Paran
together with myriads of Kadesh, / from his
right, angels with him.’
The Lexham English Septuagint, ed. Rick Brannan, Ken M. Penner, Israel
Loken et al. (Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2012).
First Day of Week
 Feast of
Pentecost, Lev 23.15–16
 Resurrection
of Jesus, Luke 24.1, 13, 21, 46
 Holy Spirit
Baptism on Pentecost, Acts 2.1–4
 Beginning
of the church, Acts 2.41–42, 47
 Lord’s
Supper observance in Troas, Acts 20.7
 Collection
 John’s
of the saints, 1 Cor 16.1–2
vision of the Lord, Rev 1.10–20
Proposition
 The Scriptures teach that the seventh day of
the week as a Christian Sabbath is enjoined
on God’s people in this age of the world
Affirm: Robert L. Ross, Church of God 7th Day
Deny: Stan Adams, New Testament Christian
Sabbath Given ONLY in Jewish Age
Patriarchal Age
Jewish Age
Gospel Age
No sabbath
command
The sabbath
command
No sabbath
command
No sabbath
example
The sabbath
example
No sabbath
example
No sabbath
penalty
The sabbath
penalty
No sabbath
penalty
2500+ years
1500 years
2000 years
Deut 5.3
Exod 31.12–18
Col 2.14–17
Do You Believe the OT, Mr. Ross?
 In
the Old Testament God said he would
one day do away with the Old Covenant
and replace it with a New
 Jeremiah 31.31–34
Jeremiah 31.31–34
31 Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that I will make a
new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of
Judah: 32 Not according to the covenant that I made with
their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring
them out of the land of Egypt; which my covenant they brake,
although I was an husband unto them, saith the Lord: 33 But
this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of
Israel; After those days, saith the Lord, I will put my law in their
inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God,
and they shall be my people. 34 And they shall teach no more
every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying,
Know the Lord: for they shall all know me, from the least of
them unto the greatest of them, saith the Lord: for I will
forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.
Do You Believe the OT, Mr. Ross?
 Jeremiah 31.31–34,
new covenant, not like
the covenant that God made with the Jews
when he brought them out of Egypt
 Q:
what covenant did God make with the
Jews when he brought them out of Egypt?
 A:
the covenant that included the 10 Commandments, Exodus 20; Deuteronomy 5
Exodus 20.2, 8
2 I am the Lord thy God, which have brought
thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the
house of bondage. … 8 Remember the
sabbath day, to keep it holy.
Deuteronomy 5.2, 12–15
2 The Lord our God made a covenant with us
…. 12 Keep the sabbath day to sanctify it, as
the Lord thy God hath commanded thee. …
15 And remember that thou wast a servant
in the land of Egypt, and that the Lord thy
God brought thee out thence through a
mighty hand and by a stretched out arm:
therefore the Lord thy God commanded
thee to keep the sabbath day.
Do You Believe the OT, Mr. Ross?
 Jeremiah 31.31–34,
new covenant, not like
the covenant that God made with the Jews
when he brought them out of Egypt
 Exod
20; Deut 5, clearly this covenant
included the sabbath
 Q:
when was the Old Covenant replaced
with a New Covenant?
Hebrews 8.7–13
7 For if that first covenant had been faultless,
then should no place have been sought for the
second. 8 For finding fault with them, he saith,
Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, when I
will make a new covenant with the house of
Israel and with the house of Judah: 9 Not
according to the covenant that I made with their
fathers in the day when I took them by the hand
to lead them out of the land of Egypt; …. 13 In
that he saith, A new covenant, he hath made the
first old. Now that which decayeth and waxeth
old is ready to vanish away.
Do You Believe the OT, Mr. Ross?
 Jeremiah
31.31–34, new covenant, not like the
covenant that God made with the Jews when he
brought them out of Egypt
 Exod
20; Deut 5, clearly this covenant included
the sabbath
 Hebrews
8.7–13, the Old Covenant was done
away with and replaced with the New Covenant
of Jesus Christ (context of chaps. 7–10)
I
believe the Old Testament, Mr. Ross. It looks like
you don’t believe the Old Testament or the New!
‘Dawn’ Does NOT Mean ‘Evening’
 Mr.
Ross makes the argument that ‘dawn’ in
Matthew 28.1 means ‘evening,’ and that it was
actually Saturday evening when the first day of
the week began, according to Jewish time
 No
one in this audience believes ‘dawn’ =
‘evening’; everyone knows ‘dawn’ = morning
 But let’s
compare the parallel accounts in the
other gospels, Mark 16.1ff; Luke 24.1ff
Mark 16.1–9
1 And when the sabbath was past, Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James, and Salome,
…. 2 …very early in the morning the first day of the
week, they came unto the sepulchre at the rising of
the sun. … 4 And when they looked, they saw that
the stone was rolled away: …. 5 And entering into
the sepulchre, they saw a young man sitting on the
right side, .... 6 And he saith unto them, Be not
affrighted: Ye seek Jesus of Nazareth, which was
crucified: he is risen; he is not here: behold the
place where they laid him. … 9 Now when Jesus
was risen early the first day of the week, ….
Luke 24.1–10
1 Now upon the first day of the week, very early
in the morning, they came unto the sepulchre,
bringing the spices which they had prepared, and
certain others with them. 2 And they found the
stone rolled away from the sepulchre. 3 And they
entered in, and found not the body of the Lord
Jesus. 4 And it came to pass, as they were much
perplexed thereabout, behold, two men stood by
them in shining garments: 5 And as they were
afraid, and bowed down their faces to the earth,
they said unto them, Why seek ye the living
among the dead? 6 He is not here, but is risen ….
‘Dawn’ Does NOT Mean ‘Evening’
 Mr.
Ross does ‘the rising of the sun’ (Mark 16.2)
mean evening or morning?
 Mr.
Ross does ‘early in the morning’ (Luke 24.1)
mean evening or morning?
 I challenge you to find
one example in all of human
history, sacred or secular, where anyone ever used
the word ‘dawn’ to talk about the evening
 Or
else give up this foolish argument!
Additional Questions
 Do
you eat the Lord’s Supper?
 If
so, when do you eat it and what passages
authorize this day to eat the Lord’s Supper?
 How
often do you eat the Lord’s Supper and
what passages authorize this frequency?
 Why do
you eat the Lord’s Supper and what
passages give this reason?
What Does Remember Mean?
 Argument:
the Lord told the Jews to ‘Remember
the sabbath …’ in Exodus 20.8; this clearly points
back to Genesis 2 and clearly states the sabbath
is for all people, Jew and Gentile!
 cf.
‘remember’ in Exodus 13.3
Exodus 13.3
3 And Moses said unto the people,
Remember this day, in which ye came out
from Egypt, out of the house of bondage; for
by strength of hand the Lord brought you
out from this place: there shall no leavened
bread be eaten.
[Clearly this remembering was to be done in
the future as they reflected on this day.]
What Does Remember Mean?
 Argument:
the Lord told the Jews to ‘Remember
the sabbath …’ in Exodus 20.8; this clearly points
back to Genesis 2 and clearly states the sabbath
is for all people, Jew and Gentile!
 Exodus 13.3,
remember in the future
 Even
if it meant looking back, which it doesn’t,
where is the sabbath mentioned prior?
 It
is only mentioned one time prior to Exodus 20
Exodus 16.22–30
23 And he said unto them, This is that which the Lord
hath said, To morrow is the rest of the holy sabbath unto
the Lord: bake that which ye will bake to day, and seethe
that ye will seethe; and that which remaineth over lay up
for you to be kept until the morning. … 25 And Moses
said, Eat that to day; for to day is a sabbath unto the
Lord: to day ye shall not find it in the field. 26 Six days ye
shall gather it; but on the seventh day, which is the
sabbath, …. 29 See, for that the Lord hath given you the
sabbath, therefore he giveth you on the sixth day the
bread of two days; abide ye every man in his place, let no
man go out of his place on the seventh day. 30 So the
people rested on the seventh day.
What Does Remember Mean?
 Again,
if ‘remember’ in Exodus 20.8 means to look
back, which it doesn’t, then must refer to Exodus
16, but this passage shows that the sabbath was
something brand new to the Jews!
 See charts 145–147
 Therefore, we still
don’t have Gentiles included in
the sabbath keeping!
 And
there is absolutely no reference to the
sabbath prior to Exodus 16!
What Does Remember Mean?
 Regarding
 The
Genesis 2, see charts 69–71
sabbath is not mentioned in Genesis
 There is no
command to keep the sabbath
 There is no
penalty for not keeping the sabbath
 There is no
example of keeping the sabbath!
What Does Remember Mean?
 Argument:
the Lord told the Jews to ‘Remember
the sabbath …’ in Exodus 20.8; this clearly points
back to Genesis 2 and clearly states the sabbath
is for all people, Jew and Gentile!
 Exodus 13.3,
remember in the future
 Exodus 16,
first and only mention of sabbath
prior to Exodus 20
 Genesis
2, zero mention of the sabbath or its
penalty and no examples!