Transcript Slide 1

PT 103232
29 April, 2005
Milestone3
Cinema Statistics (Social & Economic Problems)
Questionnaire(40 spectators)
Public tolerable to spectator:
• Some public (4.6)
• Few public (4.4)
• Room almost empty (3.6; 1,6)
• A lot of public (3.6; 1)
• Full Room (2.0)
INE, 4T/2004
Room
activity
/ total rooms
ratio in
the 4 T/04:
Increase
on number
of screens:
+ 11%
Increase on number of seat: + 8,1%
23%
for cinema
Increase
on film auditorium
sessions: +(medium
19,8% dimension)
35% for cinema on shopping center (175 per session)
44%
for polyvalent
room
(313 seat per
session)
Decrease
on number
of spectators:
- 11,1
%
Decrease on ticket revenues: - 8,8%
Increase
on room
Ticket Mean
Price:with
4,1 minor
euros dimension
Mean room dimension: 216 seat
Mean & Standard Deviation
Left
Center
Right
1.3 ;Reservation
1.5
4.0 ; 2.0
1.7 ; 1.8
Ticket
Aspects:
Very Bad (1); Bad (2); Sufficient (3)
Good (4); Very Good (5); Excellent (6)
29 April, 2005
1.1 ; 1.5
; 0.9
1.8 ; 1.6
• Room
Area 4.8
(4.2)
• Specific Localization (4.4)
0.6 ; 0.9
2.3 ; 2.4
0.8 ; 1.2
• Corridor proximity (2.7)
• Occupancy
(2) ; 0.7 0.8 ; 0.9
0.6 ; 0.8
1.0
• Exit proximity (2)
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Running costs (Efficiency Problem)
Annual Fuel Consumption = (cte * Annual Load) / (cte2 * HCE * UE) [litre/annum]
Annual Load = cte3 * (Degree-days) * FBC * FMO * FPO [MWh]
Building & system type (Thermal and Response Capacity)
Operation over 30 weeks per annum (October – April) for a
5 day week and occupation during 12 hours. Wall isolation
considered adiabatic.
Inside design temperature: + 20ºC
Outside design temperature: -3º C
Heavyweight(*),
Intermittent
&
Slow Response
System
Lightweight(*),
Intermittent
&
Fast Response
System
Heat conversion efficiency (HCE)
0.65
0.65
Utilization efficiency (UE)
0.93
0.93
Factor of building characteristic (FBC)
1.22
0.76
Factor of mode of operation (FMO)
0.81
0.41
Factor of period of occupation (FPO)
0.98
0.85
FBC * FMO * FPO
1.018
0.383
Annual Load Difference between the two structures
- 64%
(*) Building Standard Weights (or Weight/unit of floor area):
146,5 kg/m2 (Light); 341,8 kg/m2 (medium); 634,7 kg/m2 (Heavy)
29 April, 2005
Milestone3
ACADS Technical Solutions
266 m2 x 634,7 Kg/m2
Σ Ai x 634,7 kg/m2
>
Load
Ticket Office
Time
TT
T
T
T
T
T
PLC
Predictive Thermal Load
Internet
T
T
T
Real Thermal Load
T
T
T
Alternative C
T
Home
T
T
Smart Phone
PDA
Alternative A
T
T
T
Alternative B
T
Prior Art - Single Zone Control:
ACADS - MultiZone Control:
• Large Control Volume
• High Thermal Capacity
• High Room Preheat energy
• 8 Control Volume – “thermal isles”
• 8 Low isle thermal capacities
• 8 Low isle preheat energy
• Room heated by isles
29 April, 2005
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ACADS Impact on the Room Acclimatization
Part Occupancy
Part Occupancy
Total Occupancy
Total Occupancy
ACADS
Design
Classic
HVAC
Design
onlylocalized
at total space
1. Operate on
spaces(occupancy
(occupancyindependent)
dependent);
2. Low
Big reaction
reactiontime
time;
3. Thermal
Excellentsteady
performance
state across
and efficiency
time
(part occupancy);
4. Thermal
Richer space
unnatural
thermal
andexperience;
neutral world
Low performance
and role;
efficiency (part occupancy)
5. Symbolic
and cultural
6. Better sustainability;
29 April, 2005
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Air MultiZone Supply System
CC
Equipment
required
to test
AHU1
AHU2 Ductwork
Ductwork
sizing
sizing
data:
data
different control alternatives:
ASD
RS
ASP
CRP
• 8 zones to control, each one
Ø630,
Ø560,Ø355,
Ø400,Ø280
Ø355mm
mm
with a modulating damper;
AE
FS
SP
•• •Suction
ductwork:
2Suction
PLC &ductwork:
instrumentation
to
control two VAV Air Handling
Ø710,
Ø710,Ø560,
Ø560 Ø630, Ø560 mm
Units;
ASD
AHU1
Exhaust ductwork:
ductwork:
•• •Communication
Exhaust
between PLC
AHU2
AHU1
FRP
SP
AHU1
3/h
• •Max
MaxAirflow:
Airflow:5280
3960mm3/h
• 8 zones to control, each one
with
a thermocouple;
• •Insufflation
Insufflation
ductwork:
ductwork:
FAS
ASP
AHU
VN
and the ticket management PC;
•Ø710,
Ø710,Ø630
Ø560mm
mm
• PLC expandable to experiment
more alternatives or concepts
during the development phase.
Air
AHU1
Floor– Return
Rear Half
Plenum
Room(FRP)
Ceiling
Air
AHU2
Seat–
Return
Diffuser
Front Plenum
Half
(ASD)
Room
(CRP)
Rear
AirHandling
Handling
MultiZone
Units
Air
Supply
(AHU) (SP)
(RS)
Air
Eight
Fresh
Air
AirSupply
Supply
Unit
Plenums
(AHU1)
(FAS)
Front
Ventilation
MultiZone
Network
Air (ASP)
Supply
(VN)
Air
Connecting
Air
Supply
Exhaust
Plenum
Chamber
(AE)
(CC) (FS)
29 April, 2005
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Ventilation Reclaim – Winter Operation
ED closed
From
the
Room
To the
Room
Exhaust
Air
Fresh
Air
CC
TE
RD opened
TE
Air Reclaim Damper (RD)
Air Exhaust Damper (ED)
Thermal Energy (TE)
Connecting Chamber (CC)
29 April, 2005
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Vent. Reclaim Plus – Winter Operation
HGSol
HGSp
W
W
TE
From
the
Room
To the
Room
Exhaust
Air
Fresh
Air
Solar
Energy
Window (W) opened before/after film session:
Heat
gained
from spectator energy (HGSp)
- Natural
light;
Heat
gained
from
solar energy (HGSol)
- Artificial
light
reduction;
Heat
reclaim
from HGSp & HGSol balance
- A new
experience.
29 April, 2005
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Heat Exhaust/Free Cooling – Summer Op.
29 April, 2005
From
the
Room
To the
Room
Exhaust
Air
Fresh
Air
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System Sizing & Energy Simulations
1. Hourly Analysis Program, version 4.22a, Carrier
2. FlexAir, Carrier
3. ….
ACADS
ACADS as a “MultiZone system without internal walls“
29 April, 2005
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Collaborative Product Development
Cinema Owners
29 April, 2005
Sponsors
HVAC
Designers &
Experts
HVAC Control
Services
Milestone3
29 April, 2005
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