Transcript India and Power (A .5 meg ppt file.)

Dr. Kamal Kant Dwivedi
Counselor (S&T)
Embassy of India
Washington DC, 20008
India at a Glance
Area
Population
GDP
: 3.287 million sq. km.
: 1.03 billion
: $ 500 billion ($ 3 trillion in PPP)
(Grew by 8.2% in 2003 and by 2020 it is set to grow to $ 2 trillion)
Installed capacity
Annual demand growth
Projected demand by 2012
Energy output
Total consumption
Grid size
Consumption/person
: 120,000 MW
: 10-12%
: 212,000 MW (estimated cost $ 200 billion)
: 421.6 mtoe (563 in 2007 & 724 in 2012)
: 501.9 mtoe
: over 200,000 ckm transmission lines
over 5 billion ckm distribution lines
: 494 kg of oil equivalent
Power Generation in India
Approximately : 1,20,000 MW
Nuclear
2%
Hydro
25%
Renewable
3%
Coal
70%
GROWTH PROFILE OF POWER SECTOR
Installed
Generating
Capacity
(MW)
19971998
19981999
19992000
20002001
20012002
20022003
Hydro
21905
22479
23857
25153
26269
27760
Steam (Coal)
55969
57955
59856
61011
62131
64956
374
612
740
871
1135
1173
Gas
7661
8999
9597
10462
11163
11803
Nuclear
2225
2225
2680
2860
2720
2720
Wind
968
1024
1155
1269
1628
1870
Total
89102
93294
Diesel
97885 101626 105046 110282
Hydro Power Potential of India
Principal Hydro
Pumped
Storage
Small Hydro
Feasible
(up to 15 MW)
Installed
Potential in MW
Capacity in
MW
Potential
at 60 %
Load
Factor
Feasible
Installed
Capacity
in MW
Potential
in
billion
kWh
per year
Northern
30155
53405
225
13065
3180
Western
5679
8928
31.4
39684
661
Southern
10768
16446
61.8
17750
801
Eastern
5590
10965
42.5
9125
530
North
Eastern
31857
58956
239.3
16900
1610
Total
84044
148700
600
95524
6782
Region
Note on potential: Estimates of Small Hydro potential vary. According to one estimate, it could exceed
10,000 MW. Grid quality power potential from wind, small hydro and biomass is estimated to be about
50,000 MW.
Renewable energy potential of India
Achievements
Technologies
Wind Power
Small hydro power
(upto 25 MW)
Units
5th Rank
10th Rank
Biomass power/
cogeneration
4th Rank
Biomass gasifiers
1st Rank
potential
February
2000
Sept.
2004
MW
45,000
1,736.0
2,483.2
MW
15,000
1,475.0
1,603.3
MW
19,500
478.0
681.5
–
53.0
60.5
Urban and Industrial wastebased power
MW
1,700
17.1
41.4
Solar photo-voltaics
MW
-
-
2.54
140
0.6
0.8
2500
25.0
25.8
million
12
3.5
3.6
million
120
35.2
35.2
5th Rank
Solar water heating
million m2
(collector
area)
Waste-to-energy
MW
Biogas plants
2nd Rank
Improved biomass (cook-stoves)
Source : http://mnes.nic.in/ach1.htm
Solar Energy
• India receives solar
energy equivalent to
over 5000 trillion
KWhr/year, which is
far more than the
total energy
consumption of the
country.
• The daily average
solar energy incident
over India varies
from 4 -7 KWhr/m2
depending upon the
location.
Wind Power Program
• There is an estimated
Gross Potential of
45,000 MW
• Centre for Wind
Energy Technology
has been
established.
• Wind resource Map is
given here (w/m2 =
Watt per square
meter):
Energy Resources
Type
Reserve
Production
2002(a), 2003(b)
2004(c)
2006-2007(1)
2011-2012(2)
367.3 MMT/y(b)
461.0 MMT/y(1)
Hydro 148.7 GW
29.5 GW(c)
40.7 GW(1)
Oil
732.8 MMT
33.1 MMT/y(b)
190 MMT/y(2)
Gas
853.4 BCM
31.4 BCM/y(b)
115 BCM/y(2)
Solar
5 kWh/m2/d
(2300-3200
sunny hrs/y)
2.5 MW(a)
150 MW(2)
Wind
45,000 MW
1702.3 MW(a)
3202 MW(1)
Coal
276.11 BMT
NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAMME
India has been pursuing a 3-stage Nuclear Power Program.
• The first stage - Pressurized heavy water reactors
(PHWRs) and associated fuel cycle facilities.
• The second stage - Fast breeder reactors (FBRs) backed
by reprocessing plants and plutonium based fuel
fabrication plants.
• The third stage - thorium-uranium-233 cycle. Utilization of
thorium.
Presently, 14 Nuclear Power Plants are operational in India
with a total capacity of 2770 MWe. Nine more reactors are
under construction, which will increase the capacity by
4460 MWe, including 6 pressurized heavy water reactors,
two light water reactors and one fast breeder reactor.
New initiatives for Nuclear Power
With new initiatives, it is planned to generate
20000 MWe of Nuclear Power by the year 2020.
• Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR)
• Compact High Temperature Reactor (CHTR) non-grid based units
• Accelerator Driven System (ADS) – Thorium
based sub-critical Systems
New Technologies
(For non-conventional energy sources)
The Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES)
is implementing programs on
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Chemical Sources of Energy,
Hydrogen Energy,
Alternative/Bio-fuels for Surface Transportation
Geothermal Energy and
Ocean Energy.
As part of these programs, a number of research,
development and demonstration projects have been taken
up through various research and educational institutions,
universities, national laboratories and the industry.
Bridging the gap
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With technological development, the gap
between demand and supply of power is
increasing. In order to bridge the gap and
ensure adequate power supply, Indian
Government is taking several steps:
Development of new and efficient technologies
Institutional reforms
Fiscal incentives
Private participation
The Road Ahead
• Increasing the production of coal and
electricity
• Accelerated exploration of hydrocarbons
• Increase efficiency in power sector
• Demand management through
technologies, processes and appliances
• Increased use of renewable energy
sources
• Promotion of information technology
International Cooperation
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Hydrogen Partnership
Methane to Markets Partnership
Fuel cell technology
Nanotechnology initiatives
Carbon sequestration
Gas hydrates
Photovoltaics
Contact : [email protected]