Transcript Country Presentation India.

WORKSHOP
OF
BIMSTEC COUNTRIES
ON
SHARING OF EXPERIENCES IN
DEVELOPING HYDRO PROJECTS
COUNTRY PAPER-INDIA
1
INDIA AT A GLANCE
GDP Growth (2005-06)
Over 8 %
Per Capita Consumption of
Electricity
631.5 Units
Village Electrification
Energy Generation (2005-06)
India’s Water Resources
Total Utilisable Water
Per Capita Storage
74 %
623 Billion Units
4% of Global Water
Resources
1122 Bcum
262 Cum
2
POWER SCENARIO IN INDIA
TYPE
THERMAL
HYDRO
NUCLEAR
R.E.S.
TOTAL
Installed Capacity
(MW)
83982
33350
3900
6191
127423
3
ORGANISATIONAL SET UP OF
INDIAN POWER SECTOR
 MINISTRY OF POWER
 CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY (CEA).
 CENTRAL ELECTRICITY REGULATORY
COMMISSION.
 STATE ELECTRICITY REGULATORY COMMISSION
 CENTRAL TRANSMISSION UTILITY
 STATE TRANSMISSION UTILITIES
 STATE ELECTRICITY BOARDS/UTILITIES
 CENTRAL POWER SECTOR UTILITIES (CPSUs)
4
MAJOR RIVER SYSTEMS OF INDIA
680
72
760
800
0
360
840
INDUS RIVER
SYSTEM
320
BRAHMAPUTRA
RIVER SYSTEM
C H
I
N
A
( T I B E T )
880
280
DELHI
920
960
GANGA RIVER
SYSTEM
NEPAL
BHUTAN
240
BANGLA
DESH
DAMODAR
MYANMAR
200
CENTRAL INDIAN
RIVER SYSTEM
WEST FLOWING
RIVER SYSTEM
EAST FLOWING
RIVER SYSTEM
SHARAVATHI
KUTTIYADI
PERIYAR
5
HYDRO POTENTIAL (BASIN-WISE)
RIVER BASIN
INDUS
GANGA
CENTRAL INDIAN
WEST FLOWING
EAST FLOWING
BRAHMAPUTRA
TOTAL
POTENTIAL REGION
AT 60%
L.F (MW)
19988
10715
2740
6149
9532
34920
84044
PROBABLE
INSTALLED
CAPACITY (MW)
33832
20711
4152
9430
14511
66065
148701
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INDIA’s HYDROELECTRIC POTENTIAL
Region Wise Distribution
Total: 84044 MW at 60% Load Factor
NO RT HE RN
N O R T H - E AS T E R N
3 0 1 5 5 M W (3 6 % )
3 1 8 5 7 M W (3 7 % )
WE S T E RN
E AS T E RN
5 6 7 9 M W (7 % )
5 5 9 0 M W (7 % )
S O UT HE RN
1 0 7 6 3 M W (1 3 % )
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STATUS OF HYDRO POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
30425
30155
31857
35000
21949
25000
20000
10763
15000
915
517
299
1364
3927
5590
4614
128
2245
455
2979
5679
2418
5000
6021
10000
5788
POTENTIAL AT 60% LF IN MW
30000
0
NORTHERN
WESTERN
SOUTHERN
EASTERN
NORTH EASTERN
REGION
ASSESSED
DEVELOPED
UNDER DEVELOPMENT
BALANCE
8
6965
4124
5000
1917
10000
5907
11384
15000
10833
21645
19195
18308
20000
14460
25000
1061
Hydro IC (MW)
30000
26269
35000
33131
PLANWISE GROWTH OF HYDRO INSTALLED CAPACITY
(MW)
0
1st Plan 2nd Plan 3rd Plan 3 annual 4th Plan 5th Plan
Annual
6th Plan 7th Plan 2 Annual 8th Plan 9th Plan 10th Plan
(1951-56) (1956-61) (1961-66)
plans
(1969-74) (1974-79)
Plan
(1980-85) (1985-90)
Plans
(1992-97) (1997-02) (31.8.06)
(1966-69)
(1979-80)
(1990-92)
Plans
4
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HYDRO POTENTIAL
DEVELOPMENT AT A GLANCE
IDENTIFIED AS PER
REASSESSMENT
STUDIES (1978-87)
UNDER OPERATION
UNDER CONSTRUCTION
BALANCE POTENTIAL
Potential at 60
% load
factor(MW)
84044
%
100.00
16090
19.14
4750
5.65
63204
75.21
10
VISION FOR HYDRO POWER
DEVELOPMENT
Plan to develop the balance potential by the
end of 14th Plan i.e. by 2026-27
For development of entire potential , over Rs.
5,00,000 crores would be required.
 Survey & Investigation activities of all
identified projects would need to be completed
by the end of 12th Plan i.e. by 2016-17.
Completion of Survey & Investigation
activities would involve an expenditure of over
Rs. 5000 Crs.
11
VISION FOR HYDRO POWER
DEVELOPMENT
Plan Period
Hydro Addition during
the Plan
(MW)
Total Hydro at the
end of the Plan
(MW)
10th Plan
( 2002-03 to 2006-07)
9500
36000
11th Plan
(2007-08 to 2011-12)
18000
54000
12th Plan
(2012-13 to 2016-17)
30000
84000
13th Plan
(2017-18 to 2021-22)
31000
115000
14th Plan
( 2022-23 to 2026-27)
35000
150000
12
FUNDS REQUIRED FOR HYDRO
CAPACITY ADDITION
Plan Period
11th Plan (2007-2012)
Estimated Hydro
Cap. Add.
(MW)
18000
12th Plan (2012-2017)
30000
150000
13th Plan (2017-2022)
31000
155000
14th Plan( 2022-2027)
35000
175000
114000
570000
Total :
Funds required
(Rs. Cr.)
90000
13
LIKELY HYDRO CAPACITY
ADDITION DURING 10TH PLAN
SECTOR
I.C. (MW)
%
CENTRAL
5005
52.7
STATE
3799
39.9
PRIVATE
700
7.4
9504
100
TOTAL
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SECTORWISE HYDRO PROJECTS
IDENTIFIED FOR 11TH PLAN
SECTOR
Nos.
I.C. (MW)
%
CENTRAL
30
11830
62.8
STATE
16
2637
14.0
PRIVATE
16
4363
23.2
62
18830
100
TOTAL
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SECTORWISE HYDRO PROJECTS
TENTATIVELY
IDENTIFIED FOR 12TH PLAN
SECTOR
I.C. (MW)
%
CENTRAL
18000
59.4
STATE
5000
16.5
PRIVATE
7300
24.1
30300
100.0
TOTAL
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WATER RESOURCES/HYDRO POWER
DEVELOPMENT – KEY ISSUES
• RESETTLEMENT & REHABILITATION
PROBLEMS
• ENVIRONMENT AND FOREST ISSUES
• GEOLOGICAL SURPRISES
• DIFFICULT/ IN-ACCESSIBLE POTENTIAL
SITES
• STORAGE VS. R-O-R PROJECTS
• APPORTIONMENT OF PROJECT COST
AMONG VARIOUS AGENCIES
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Resettlement And Rehabilitation
Issues
Hydro electric projects involve submergence
causing displacement of project area people .
There are some of the hydro projects where the
progress has/ is being severely hampered from
sustained opposition to project construction.
R& R is becoming a major issue in the
implementation of storage-based hydro
development.
Many times, it is one of the main reasons for the
delay in the execution resulting in Time & Cost
Over-runs
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Issues Related to Environment
And Forest
•Hydro Projects often require forest land for their
implementation and compensatory afforestation on the
non forest lands.
•The progress of some of the projects has been
affected on account of delay/non-clearance from
Environment and Forest aspects
•Clearance from wildlife aspects is very cumbersome.
•These aspects need to be looked into carefully to avoid
undue problems during execution of the projects.
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Geological Surprises
•The features of the hydro electric projects, being site specific,
depend on the geology, topography and hydrology at the site.
The construction time of a hydro project is greatly influenced
by the geology of the area and its accessibility.
•It is, therefore, essential that state-of-the-art investigation and
construction techniques are adopted to minimise geological
risks as well as the overall gestation period of hydel projects.
•Even if, extensive investigation using new techniques of
investigations, are undertaken an element of uncertainty
remains in the sub-surface geology and the geological surprises
during actual construction can not be ruled out.
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Apportionment of Project Cost
Among Various Agencies/States
•Efforts need to be made to evolve consensus for
apportioning the costs , among various Agencies on
account of extra security charges, additional cost on
flood moderation, irrigation, drinking water,
infrastructure (access roads) development etc.
•Large Storage Projects developed in the higher reaches
of river give benefits to the projects downstream and
there should be apportionment of project cost among all
the beneficiaries.
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Storage Vs. R-O-R Projects
•There is a lot of controversy in the development of
Hydro Projects as Storage or R-O-R .
•The type (Storage/ROR) of a hydro project depends
upon the topography, geology and hydrology of the
area and is site specific.
•The storage sites in the country are limited and
hence their optimum development would need to be
ensured.
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Storage Vs. R-O-R Projects
•Most of the distress caused by storage schemes occur
in the Hill states whereas the benefits are largely in
the states in the plains which are perceived to be
more prosperous. Therefore , Hill states prefer R-O-R
schemes.
•For the maximization of benefits in a basin, the
judicious blend of both types of schemes
(Storage/ROR) would need to be considered.
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MEASURES TAKEN FOR EXPEDITING
DEVELOPMENT OF HYDRO POTENTIAL
Creation of Power Corporations in Central/Joint
Sector
Three stage clearance procedure for expediting hydro
development through CPSUs
Ranking Study by CEA to take up hydro development in
appropriate sequence.
50,000 MW Hydro-Electric Initiative for preparation of
PFRs of 162 projects and DPRs of low tariff H.E. schemes.
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POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR
ACCELRATING THE HYDRO DEVLOPMENT
Policy liberalisation to attract private investment.
Policy on hydro power development.
National Water Policy.
Electricity Act,2003 and consequent Changes in
Industry Structure .
National Rehabilitation &Resettlement (R&R)
Policy .
National Electricity Policy.
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MAJOR TECHNOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENTS IN HYDRO SECTOR
Unit size of the hydro generating units have
increased from largest unit size of 22 MW (at time of
independence) to 250 MW now.
Maximum station capacity at present is 1500 MW at
Nathpa Jhakri hydro station in Himachal Pradesh.
Pykara Ultimate is the highest head plant (1026 m).
A number of hydro projects have been developed in
cascades in order to reap the maximum possible
benefits.
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MAJOR TECHNOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENTS IN HYDRO SECTOR
India has 20 underground power stations with total
installed capacity of 9930 MW commissioned so far and 21
power stations with total capacity of 9551 MW are under
Implementation.
 9 Pumped Storage projects ( 3659.60 MW) are under
operation and 3 Pumped Storage projects ( 2150 MW) are
under construction in the country.
A large number of small, medium and large
multipurpose/ power dams of all types viz concrete gravity,
masonry, earth , rock-fill and CFRD have been built all
over the country with indigenous expertise.
Roller Compacted Concrete Dam is under construction at
Ghatghar pumped storage project.
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MAJOR TECHNOLOGICAL
DEVELOPMENTS IN HYDRO SECTOR
Indian engineers and geologists have developed an expertise
in the field of tunneling and have a credit of successful
execution of large number of large tunnels for hydro power
projects all over the country. Examples – 27 Km for Nathpa
Jhakri and 31 Km for Parbati-II H.E. Projects.
The highest dam in India, 260 m high Tehri dam (rock fill)
across Bhagirathi river in seismic environment of Himalayas,
has been completed.
The performance of Hydro Stations has been constantly
improving and their operating availability has been achieved
above 90% in the years 2003-04 onwards. The forced outages
have also reduced to about 2% .
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PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
IN INDIA
Role of private participation in generation, transmission and
distribution have become increasingly critical in view of the
rapidly growing investment needs of the sector.
The Central Government and the State Governments have
developed workable and successful models for public private
partnership.
At present in India, 15 H.E. Schemes with 1203 MW are in
operation and 7 schemes with an installation of 2291 MW are
under construction in the private sector.
Further, 73 schemes (17268 MW) have been offered for
development in Private sector by different states in the country.
During 11th &12th Plan, Capacity Addition through Private
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Sector would be about 23 % and 24% respectively.
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