Transcript Nursing knowledge - College of Education

NURSING KNOWLEDGE
Chapter 16: The Rise of Qualitative Research
Catherine S. Murton, MS, RN-BC, CNE, CHSE
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
• Began in earnest in nursing in the 1980s
• Drew from methods employed in sociology and anthropology
• Ultimate goal of research
• Gather reliable relevant information
• Method: How it’s gathered
• Methodology: Why that method is appropriate
IN THE BEGINNING
• Carper (1978)
• Nursing is an art and science (“aesthetics” of nursing knowledge)
• Science  Numerical theory  Laws  Prediction
• Art (Social Science)  meaning, understanding, value
• Watson (1981)
• Focusing on the “science” of nursing was one dimensional
• Lost the complexity and richness of authentic nursing knowledge
• Benner (1984)
• Novice to Expert
• Established the usefulness of the qualitative approach in nursing
PARADIGM OR METHOD?
Positivists/Empirical/
Naturalist
Phenomenologists/Hermeneutics/
Anti-naturalist
• Reality is measurable
• Multiple realities (not controlled, but understood)
• Researcher/Subject independent
• Researcher/Subject interact and influence each other
• Objective and Value-free
• Subjective and Values bound
• Generalizable to population
• Not generalizable, but leads to a working hypothesis
• Cause and Effect (linear)
• No cause/effect; too many factors to be distinguishable
• Nomothetic : proposition of the law
• Idiographic: discovery of facts and processes
Adapted from 1985 book Naturalistic Inquiry by Yvonna Lincoln and Egan Guba
BRIDGING THE DIVIDE
• Goodwin and Goodwin (1984):
• Triangulation: Qualitative and qualitative are methods (not paradigms)
• Used together to strengthened conclusions
• Phillips (1988):
• Theory and methods are distinct (paradigms not methods)
• Twinn (2003)
• “Positivists and constructionists” are both needed in nursing research
FOOD FOR THOUGHT…
What is the relationship between theory, methodology, and methods?
REFERENCES
• Risjord, M. (2010). The Rise of Qualitative Research. In Nursing knowledge:
Science, practice, and philosophy. Ames, Iowa: Wiley Blackwell.