Transcript Rice, a heritage of Asian history

INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
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Rice Culture, a Heritage of Asian History
July 5~7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Dr .Yoo Man HUH
Vice President, ICID
Rep. of KOREA
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Structure of the presentation
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Paddy Farming
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Economic Aspects
3
Cultural & Social Aspects
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Multi-functionality of Paddy Farming
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Conclusions
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
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Paddy farming is…
In Wikipedia
“a flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice
and other semi aquatic crops.
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Paddy fields are a typical feature of rice-growing
countries of east and southeast Asia
including Malaysia, China, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand,
Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Taiwan, Indonesia, India, and
the Philippines.”
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Trend of population & Arable land
Population
Arable land
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Paddy farming
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Hay stacks on stilts in paddy field ,Karnataka(L.Shyamal, 2006)
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
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Scarecrow: A paddy field in Japan (Wikipedia, 2007)
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Paddy farming
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Rice terraces, Longji, Guangxi Province, China(Doron, May 2000)
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Paddy farming
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Terrace rice fields in Yunnan Province, China(Jialiang Gao, 2003)
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Paddy farming
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The photo of paddy field in India.(Nvineeth, 2006)
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Origin of Rice
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Widespread in Asian(East and Southeast)
Origin of “Rice” : from Ancient India Sanskrit
Vrihi, Ni, Nuan
Similar Korean “Non” for paddy field
Malaysia, the Philippines-”Badi”, “Bindi” for
rice in Korean “Beo”- meaning rice grain
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Origin of Rice
Rice (genus Oryza) is tolerant to hot, humid,
flooded conditions and grows in saline, alkaline
and acidic soils.
 Of 23 Oryza species, two are cultivated: Oryza
sativa , which originated in the humid tropics of
Asia, and O. glaberrima, from West Africa.
 Asian cultivated rice has evolved into three ecogeographic races - indica, japonica and javanica
(Source:International year of rice 2004,IRRI).
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Source: http://www.fao.org/rice2004/en/rice-us.htm
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Paddy farming in Asia
Cultural & Social
Aspects
Economic
Aspects
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Environmental
Aspects
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice in Asia
IRRI :
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice in Korea
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BC 300 – AD 670
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
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Paddy Fields Landscape
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Cliiper Russel(Ecoeconomist)
Paddy field with golden
wave and scarecrow
with white garment in
fall is the one of the
attractive scenery in
the world
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
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Economic aspects of rice
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Rice production
Million ton
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200
150
2
100
11.3
50
3
China India Indo
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4
9.6
7.4
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Bang JP
11
12
USA
Kr
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
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Economic aspects of rice
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
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Economic aspects of rice
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Economic aspects of rice
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Rice price outlook
Dollar/ton
Medium grain
Long grain
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Source: USDA, Rice Outlook
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
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Economic aspects of rice
•International rice supply and outlook (Unit: million ton)
Class
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2004/05
2006/07(outlook)
Change(%)
2005/06
(Estimate)
2006.12
2007.1
Previous
year
Previous
month
Production
400.5
415.5
416.4
415.0
-0.1
-0.3
Supply
485.6
493.7
496.8
495.5
0.4
-0.3
Consume
407.7
413.2
418.2
417.7
1.1
-0.1
Trade
28.4
27.8
28.2
28.9
4.0
2.7
Stock
In previous yr
%
78.2
80.4
78.6
77.7
-3.4
-1.1
19.2
19.5
18.8
18.6
Source: USDA, World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates, January 12,
2007.
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
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Cultural & Social Aspects of rice
Paddy Fields turn yellow in Autumn, KOREA
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
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In the Mythology of GoChosun
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Mother of Ju-mong, “Gog Mo Sin”, Goddess to
manage the agriculture
Tradition to lay kernels of rice on the mat in the
palanquin
One of the important role of mother is to
manage the rice kernel for their family survival
To serve their ancestor shrine by pure rice
Rice, in the middle of Korean history
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Meaning of Rice in Chinese Character
米
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How many processes needed for rice?
Shape of rice head?
88 times hand care until harvest.
Rice day?
August 18
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
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Life Cycle of Rice
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Plant: intensive labor
Harvest: Alcohol drink,
Rice cake, soft drink,
sweets, snack, etc. more
than hundreds
Post harvest: ThatchMat”멍석”,
shoes ”집쌔기”
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice and Culture in Korea
“성주대감” Sung Ju Dae
Gam, Pot to keep rice at
home, treat as a
sanctuary.
“Sung ju”: a household
guardian, tutelary deity
 Function of the pot: to
make household blessed
and comfortable
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice in the Proverbs
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Feet is twisted when stepping rice kernels.
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Spoiling rice makes abort.
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Rice storage represents generosity of the
household.
Tradition to respect rice, and
It goes with history of Korea rooted in the life
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice in the Korean Culture (Poem)
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나는 듣고 있네
내 안에 들어와
피가 되고
살이 되고
뼈가 되는
한 톨의 쌀의 노래
그가 춤추는 소리를
쌀의 고운 웃음
가득히 흔들리는
우리의 겸허한 들판은
꿈에서도 잊을 수 없네
하얀 쌀을 씻어
밥을 안치는 엄마의 마음으로
날마다 새롭게
희망을 안쳐야지
적은 양의 쌀이 불어
많은 양의 밥이 되듯
적은 분량의 사랑으로도
나눌수록 넘쳐나는 사랑의 기쁨
갈수록 살기 힘들어도
절망하지 말아야지
밥을 뜸들이는 기다림으로
모락모락 피어 오르는 희망으로
내일의 식탁을 준비해야지.
-이해인-
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice in the Music and Dancing
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
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Rice and Culture in Asia
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Paddy solved housing, food and fuel in traditional farm village
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
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Rice in Asia
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Source: M. A. Bell et. Al., 2000, Research for development: IRRI’s in country roles p9-10
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice in Asia
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice area in the world
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice in Asia
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice in Asia
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Rice is
• The main source of employment, income
and nutrition in many poor, food insecure
regions of the world
• Calories source of 530 million people less
than US $1 a day, about 60-70 % of total
food intake.
• Principal activity and source of income for
about 100 million households in Asia and
Africa
Source: M. A. Bell et. Al., 2000, Research for development: IRRI’s in country roles p9-10
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice is a major daily life in Asian
countries
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Rice is a central part of many cultures and
some countries even credit rice cultivation
with the development of their civilization. It
is remarkable that almost every culture has
its own way of harvesting, processing and
eating rice and these different traditions
are, in fact, part of the world's cultural
heritage(FAO, 2004).
Source: http://www.fao.org/rice2004/en/rice-us.htm
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice has been a life for long times
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Thousands of years ago, people from East
to South Asia settled throughout river
deltas and domesticated wild rice.
The productivity of wetland rice crops led
to population growth and to the
development of society and civilization.
Source: http://www.fao.org/rice2004/en/rice-us.htm
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Rice versus culture
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Rice cultivation, the intense labour needed
Social habits and landscape shaped
Community structures and a corresponding
culture of rice created
Inspired songs, paintings, stories, festivals
Rice culture created Asian’s culture, custom,
Tradition and life style.
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Source: M. A. Bell et. Al., 2000, Research for development: IRRI’s in country roles p9-10
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
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Multi-functionality of paddy farming
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Food security
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Flood control
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Groundwater recharge
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Reduction of soil loss
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Air purification
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Enhancement of biodiversity
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
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Conclusions
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Not just economic approach because it is
a matter of identity: not just a matter of food
and cost
-Asia, central part of culture
-Principal source of income for 100 mill house
a matter of life
-expensive, not give a birth?
-why you invest for emergency, food?
INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Conclusions
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Peculiarity of Asian monsoon region
- Climate conditions and regional characteristics
are totally different from non paddy areas
- climate change and diverse functions of paddy
farming should be taken into account
 Social and traditional components should be
considered for policy making in the paddy
farming in Asia ,especially in monsoon and
tropical region.
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INWEPF 4th Steering Meeting and Symposium July 5-7, 2007
Bangkok ,Thailand
Thank you for your listening
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Paddy Straw roofing old house in winter, Korea