Transcript ITTO presentation

Sustainable Forest Management: International
Experiences and Mexican Perspectives
22-25 September 2014, Mexico City
Promoting the implementation of SFM in
the tropics
Steve Johnson
Assistant Director, Trade and Industry
International Tropical Timber Organization
Early Warnings
• The Limits to Growth
• Our Common Future
• Rio Summit 1992
Tropical Deforestation Rates
• 1970-1980: 11.3 million ha/yr
• 1980-1990: 16.4 million ha/yr
• 1990-2000: 16 million ha/yr
• 2000-2005: 13 million ha/yr
• 2005-2010: 11 million ha/yr
Outcomes of the Rio Earth Summit (1992)
• Rio Declaration
– Forest principles
– Agenda 21 on sustainable
development
– CBD
– UNFCCC
– UNCCD
Tropical forests sustainably managed in
1988
• Less than 1 million ha
• IIED published report
‘No Timber Without
Trees’
ITTO Guidelines for the Sustainable
Management of Natural Tropical Forests
• 41 principles
• 36 possible actions
• Areas covered:
– Policy & legislation
– Forest management
– Socio-economic & financial aspects
Criteria and Indicators (C&I)
• Better understanding of
SFM
• Consistency in reporting
• Basis for certification
• 5 criteria and 27 indicators
at national level
• 6 criteria and 23 indicators at
FMU level
C&I Workshops and Activities
• 28 training workshops organized
• More than US$ 30 million in C&I
activities, including workshops
• 150 countries
ITTO Guidelines
• Guidelines for the Sustainable
Management of Natural Tropical Forests
(1991)
• Guidelines for the Establishment and
Sustainable Management of Planted
Tropical Forests (1993)
• Guidelines on the Conservation of
Biodiversity in Tropical Production
Forests (1993)
ITTO Guidelines
• Guidelines on Fire Management (1998)
• Guidelines for the Restoration, Management and Rehabilitation of Degraded and
Secondary Tropical Forests (2002)
• ITTO/IUCN Guidelines for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in
Tropical Timber Production Forests (2009)
• Voluntary guidelines for the sustainable
management of natural tropical forests
(2014)
Diagnostic Missions since 2000
Region
Africa
Asia-Pacific
Latin America
Country
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Republic of Congo
Gabon
Côte d’Ivoire
Liberia
Nigeria
Togo
Cambodia
Fiji
India
Indonesia
Papua New Guinea
Philippines
Thailand
Brazil
Ecuador
Guyana
Mexico
Panama
Peru
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
Mission Date
September 2008
March 2002
October 2001
January 2005
August 2008
May 2005
August 2007
February 2008
September 2004
October 2004
April 2006
September 2001
February 2007
May 2003
March 2006
October 2001
April 2004
October 2002
May 2005
August 2004
June 2003
August 2003
December 2002
Forest Industry Support
Certified Timber
Certification
• Origin: unsustainable management of
tropical forests
• Process: C & I  audits  certification
• Certified area in tropical countries: 40 mill
ha (2011), mostly FSC and MTCC (PEFC
growing)
• Share of tropical countries in global certified
forest area still small (around 10% of total)
SFM Tropics 2005
• 36 million ha sustainably managed
• 25 million ha for production
• 11 million ha for protection
• Asia-Pacific: 20 million ha
• Africa: 6 million ha
• Latin America: 10 million ha
SFM Tropics 2011
• 53 million ha sustainably managed
• 30 million ha for production
• 23 million ha for protection
• Asia-Pacific: 20 million ha
• Africa: 11 million ha
• Latin America: 22 million ha
Biodiversity Expedition in Sarawak
• Vegetation survey
• Fauna survey
• Local community
involvement
Lanjak-Entimau – Betung Kerihun
• 1 million ha biodiversity conservation
area
Transboundary Conservation Areas
Region
Countries
Area
Borneo
Sarawak, Malaysia &
Kalimantan, Indonesia
2.71 m ha
Emerald Triangle
Forest Complex
Thailand, Cambodia,
Lao PDR
0.36 m ha
Kabo-Ndoki Region
Congo, Cameroon,
Central African Republic
1.30 m ha
Mengamé-Minkébé
Gorilla Sanctuary
Cameroon, Gabon
0.14 m ha
Cordillera del Condor Ecuador, Peru
2.42 m ha
Tambopata-Madidi
Protected Area
4.20 m ha
Peru, Bolivia
Total 11.13 m ha
MOU with CBD
The ITTO Thematic Programmes
• TP concept adopted in 2008
• REDDES
• TFLET
REDDES
TFLET
• TMT
CFME
SFM
• CFME
• IDE
TMT
IDE
Notable Figures on Financing
Global Financial Requirement for SFM
 UNCED (1992)--------------------- ---US$31.25 b/yr
 Pretoria Workshop (1996) ------ ---US$33 b/yr
 ITTO (for all tropical forests)-------US$11 b/yr
 UNFF (2006)1 -------------------------US$69.3 b/yr
 UNFCCC (to halve DD) (2007)2 --US$20 b/yr
Note: 1
2
From “Brief study on funding and finance for forestry and forest-based sector”
commissioned by UNFF Secretariat; Related disinvestments, including
compensation for deforestation and forest degradation, are added.
From “Financing flows and needs to implement the Non-legally Binding Instrument
on All types of Forests” prepared for AGF of CPF; Opportunity costs for REDD and
afforestation/reforestation costs are included.
Notable Challenges
 Financing tropical SFM
 Market access
 Negative perceptions of tropical timber
 Competing land uses
 Poor governance
 Equitable benefit sharing and stakeholder
involvement
ITTO-CITES Programme
 Good example showing ITTO’s approach to
promoting SFM
 Focus on products from 8 tropical tree species
listed in CITES Appendices
 Assistance provided to facilitate management
plans, inventories, non-detriment findings, wood
identification, etc
 $15 million funding since 2007; more funds
being sought for new phase to start in 2015/16
ITTO-CITES Programme
Promoting sustainable development through trade,
conservation and best-practice forest management in
tropical countries
Website: www.itto.int
Email: [email protected]; [email protected]