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Flying in Denmark
- a brief introduction to rules and regulations for foreign
military aircrews flying in Danish airspace.
Prepared by Tacical Air Staff Flight Information Service.
Last update: 2015-06-01
Copenhagen FIR
Vertical limits: Ground/Sea level to infinity
Controlled airspace:
North Sea
FL195-FL660
3500FT-FL660
Airspace classification
Class A: Not applicable in Denmark
Class B: Not applicable in Denmark
Class C : Copenhagen Area and TMA’s within Copenhagen and Billund
area and airspace above FL195.
Class D : All CTR’s and TMA’s outside Copenhagen and Billund Area
Class E : Airspace between 3500 FT MSL and FL 195, except
North Sea within Copenhagen FIR, and Copenhagen area
Class F : Not applicable in Denmark
Class G : 1. Airspace from GND/SL to 3500 FT MSL, except
Copenhagen Area.
2. North Sea from SL to FL195.
3. TIZ’s and TIA’s.
Airspace classification
Sketch only - consult relevant aeronautical charts for exact information
For Billund see next slide
Filled areas indicate uncontrolled airspace
ATS AIRSPACE
Esbjerg Billund area
Copenhagen Area
Copenhagen Area extends vertically from
1500/2500 FT to FL195.
If a flight, or part of a
flight, takes place
within or above
Copenhagen Area,
clearance shall be
obtained from
Copenhagen Approach,
Roskilde Approach or
ACC Copenhagen
respectively.
Visual Flight Rules (VFR)
1. For all aircraft operating at 250 KIAS or more, a flight visibility of 8 KM
or more is required, except in airspace class G during daylight, when
flying at or below 3000 FT MSL or 1000 FT AGL, whichever is the higher
2. Helicopters may operate VFR if flight visibility is equal to, or greater than
800 M, if manoeuvering at a speed that will give adequate opportunity to
observe other traffic or obstructions in time to avoid collosion.
3. Flight visibility at night will be at least:
8 KM for fighters and other aircraft exceeding 140 KIAS
5 KM for aircraft operated at 140 KIAS or less
3 KM for helicopters operated at 140 KIAS or less
Visual Flight Rules (VFR)
Airspace class C, E, G and D (TMA)
Altitude
Airspace
class
Flight
visibility
At or above FL 100
CDEG
8 KM
1500 M horizontally
1000 FT vertically
Below FL 100 and above
3000 FT AMSL, or above
1000 FT above terrain,
whichever is the higher
CDEG
5 KM
1500 M horizontally
1000 FT vertically
CDE
5 KM
1500 M horizontally
1000 FT vertically
At and below 3000 FT AMSL,
or above 1000 FT
over terrain, whichever
is the higher
G
Distance from cloud
Clear of cloud and with
5 KM
3 KM/140 KT the surface in sight
Visual Flight Rules (VFR)
Control Zones (Airspace Class D):
VFR flights in Control Zones require meteorological conditions equal to
or better than:
Ceiling
Visibility:
1500 FT
8 KM at day and night for fighter aircraft
5 KM at day and 8 KM at night for other aircraft
(When ceiling is between 1500 FT and 2500 FT, separation will be
established between military VFR flights and civil IFR and special
VFR flights.)
Special VFR
- may be approved by ATC in a Control Zone, provided
meterological conditions are equal to or better than:
Aircraft type
Meterological
visibility
Day/night
Ceiling
Distance from
clouds
1000 FT 1)
Clear of clouds
Fighters and other
aircraft exceeding
140 KIAS
5KM / 8KM
Aircraft operating
at 140 KIAS or
less
3KM / 5KM
500 FT
Clear of clouds
Helicopters
operating at 140
KIAS or less
800M / 3KM 3)
500 FT 2, 3)
Clear of clouds
Special VFR
Note 1: For fighter and other aircraft operating at 140 KIAS or more,
ceiling may be reduced to 500 FT AGL in connection with
take off and departure via specific routes during daylight
hours.
Note 2: For helicopters operating at 140 KIAS or less, ceiling may
be reduced to 300 FT AGL in connection with lift off,
departure and approach via specific routes during daylight
hours.
Note 3: In connection with NVG flying visibility may be reduced to
1500 meters and ceiling to 300 ft AGL provided that the crew
is able to transition to IFR flight.
General Information
Flying with transport- or jet aircraft, below 2000 FT AGL, is not allowed,
except when specifically ordered in the Airtask or Exercise Order.
Minimum altitude over towns,
recreational areas etc. shall always
be 2000 FT above highest obstacle
within 600 metres.
Exempted are light aircraft and
helicopters which are allowed down
to 500 FT (Requires an initial
briefing by host unit) above the
highest obstacle within 600 metres.
(1000 ft over towns, recreational
areas etc.)
Transport and jet aircraft
Light aircraft and
helicopters,
Min 2000 FT
Min 500 FT
600 metres
600 metres
General Information
Supersonic flying (M .97+) is prohibited, unless specifically ordered, or:
1. Flying above FL100, 10-35 NM off the coast, heading away from
the coast line
2. Flying above FL100, 35 NM+ from the coast, no heading restrictions.
Use of afterburner below 5000 ft AGL/ASL is prohibited, except:
1. Flying over the Sea, minimum 2 kilometres off the coast
2. During take-off, touch and go, overshoot
3. During emergencies
4. Attack exercises on shooting ranges or air bases (prior permission from
ATC is required!)
Altitude restrictions
Over land:
Over towns and
recreational areas:
Over the sea more than
2 km off the coast:
Not lower than 500 FT AGL
Not lower than 2000 FT AGL
I.a.w. national regulations
Simulated attacks:
Military airfields inside
perimeter fence:
Ground targets in
civilian terrain:
Not lower than 300 FT AGL
Not lower than 500 FT AGL
Airspeed restrictions
The following maximum airspeeds are to be observed over land,
including the sea within 2 kilometres off the coast:
Above 2000 FT AGL:
Subsonic
1000-2000 FT AGL:
500 KT (GS)
500-1000 FT AGL:
480 KT (GS)
Below 500 FT AGL:
450 KT (GS)
Flight Plan
1. A complete ICAO flight plan must be filed for:
- flights outside Copenhagen FIR
- flights landing on a civil airfield
- flights departing from a civil airfield
- IFR flights
- night VFR flights above 3000 ft MSL
2. In all other cases, file a reduced flight plan containing:
- Callsign /SSR code
- Number and type of aircraft
- ETD
- EET
- Mission and area/route
- Endurance
- Name of Aircraft Commander
VFR flying above 3500 FT
Military aircraft flying over Danish territory above 3500 ft, are to contact an
Aircraft Controlling Unit (ACU) or ATS unit for flight following/flight information
service.
Separation to non-operational air traffic:
FL460
IFR or Controlled VFR only
min. 5 NM, or
FL195
min. 1000FT
Search and Rescue
EH-101 SAR helicopters are
based at Skrydstrup (EKSP),
Aalborg (EKYT) and Roskilde
(EKRK). Crews are on alert H24.
Guard frequency is monitored at
all military ATS-units and ACU
units during their hours of
operation.
Bird intensity
Bird migration occurs during the whole
year, but culminates in the periods end
of March to Mid-May (spring migration) and beginning of September to
Mid-November (autumn migration).
Due to technical reasons bird intensity
cannot be obtained for København FIR.
Crews should follow STANAG 3879 or
national procedures for flight in bird
migration periods and/or bird
contration areas.
Flying below 1500 FT will involve
increased risk of bird strike.
ECM
ECM guidelines/restrictions in Copenhagen FIR include:
1. Self-protection chaff may be used within the exercise area
2. Chaff longer than 50 cm. must not fall on land including the sea
within 2 km off the coast.
3. Active ECM against radar installations will not be employed
within 12 NM of any NATO border.
4. The use of IR-flares is not allowed over land including the sea
within 2 km off the coast.
Miscellaneous
1. Overdue
ATC will start communication search if an aircraft is overdue on
ETA + 5 minutes. CALL ATC IF DELAYED, and extend flightplan
2. Radio contact
Call ATC 25 NM out for clearance, prior to entering TIA’s, TIZ’s,
CTR’s, TMA’s and Copenhagen Area. Maintain listening watch at all
times.
3. Transition from VFR to IFR:
If unable to maintain VMC in uncontrolled airspace, and unable to
obtain IFR clearance prior to going IMC:
Climb to and maintain 2500FT until VFR or an IFR clearance is
obtained. Request IFR-clearance from Copenhagen ACC or any
near-by ATC unit.
Emergency procedures
An emergency should be declared by using either ”PAN” or ”MAYDAY”
The phrase ”Declaring an emergency” will also be understood, but if used
alone ATC will judge the severity of the situation and act accordingly. You
will be asked for information about the nature af the problem.
All pilots must be familiar with standard emergency procedures for radio
failure and the use of MAYDAY and PAN calls.
1. Triangular patterns can be used in Denmark. Reduced chance of
being seen without IFF/SIF:
A. Transmitter out, receiver OK: Right hand pattern
B. Transmitter out, receiver out: Left hand pattern
Squawk EMERGENCY. If possible, fly at FL250 or above at
contrail altitude. Await interception.
Emergency procedures
2. VMC approach with radio U/S:
Transmit blind position reports. Squawk 7600 mode 3.
Approach via IP, 500 FT AGL, Light flashing, wings rocking. Fly along
RWY in use on right side, pull up to downwind at far end, and look for
light signals from TWR
3. IFF/SIF YES/NO procedure:
ATC will ask specific questions which can be answered YES or NO.
Squawk Ident for YES, nothing if NO.
4. Speechless procedure: (Use tone button or press transmitter)
1 dot ”affirmative”, ”roger”, ”wilco”
2 dots ”negative”
3 dots ”say again”
4 dots ”request homing”
1 dash ”steady” or ”field in sight”
X (-..-) ”emergency”
1-9 dots means numbers one through nine
1 dash zero
Restricted airspace
Restricted,- and Danger areas are annonunced active on a day-to-day
basis by NAV WARNING SUMMARY FOR COPENHAGEN FIR
AND ADJACENT WATERS. (www.flv.dk/milais)
Danish bases
Aalborg (EKYT)
Runways:
08L/26R (main) 8694 x 148 FT
08R/26L (parallel) 8362 x 75 FT
Landing aids:
ILS/DME, VORTAC, LOCATOR
Communication: VHF/UHF for TWR, APP, ARR
Arrester gear:
RWY 08L/26R : Bak 12/14 in both ends
RWY 08R/26L : 34D-1F in both ends
Danish bases
Karup (EKKA)
Runways:
09R/27L (main) 9607 x 150 FT
09L/27R (parallel) 9816 x 75 FT
04/22 2818 x 50 FT
14/32 2152 x 75 FT
Landing aids:
ILS/DME, TACAN, LOCATOR
Communication: VHF/UHF for TWR, APP and ARR
Arrester gear:
RWY 09R/27L: Bak 12/14 in both ends
RWY 09L/27R: 34D-1F in both ends
H
Danish bases
Skrydstrup (EKSP)
Runways:
10L/28R (main) 9863 x 150 FT
10R/28L (parallel) 9750 x 80 FT
Landing aids:
ILS/DME, VORTAC
Communication: VHF/UHF for TWR, APP and ARR
Arrester gear:
Primary: Bak 12/14 in both ends of 10L/28R
Secondary: 34D-1F (MOD) in both ends of 10L/28R
34D-1F in both ends of 10R/28L
Flight Information
The following publications, with relation to general flying in Denmark,
are published by TACDEN:
1. Flying in Denmark: Small pamphlet giving foreign aircrews the most basic
information on rules and regulations when flying in Danish airspace.
2. Military Aeronautical Information Publication Denmark (MIL AIP
Denmark). Detailed information on airspace, routes, exercise areas e.t.c.
3. Royal Danish Air Force Flight Information Publication. Contains
instrument departure and approach procedures for all danish military bases and
12 civilian airports. Procedures are gradually being transitioned from TERPS
design criteria to PANS OPS (MIPS) criteria. In the transition period both types
may be found in the FLIP. It is clearly marked in the header of each procedure
whether it is a TERPS procedure or a PANS OPS/MIPS procedure.
4. Low Flying Chart 1:500.000 Denmark. Standard VFR navigation chart.
Flight Information
MIL AIP Denmark, NOTAMS and Daily Navigational Warnings may be
found on the internet at:
http://www.flv.dk/milais