Ch. 20-Avian and Exotic Radiography
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Transcript Ch. 20-Avian and Exotic Radiography
Avian and Exotic
Radiography
Chapter 20
Introduction
► Exotic
pets have become increasingly
prevalent in last few years.
► Caused an increase for need of diagnostic
technique and equipment.
► All principles for companion animal
radiography can be applied to exotics and
avian radiography.
Special Considerations
► Equipment
Essentially same as for companion animal
radiography.
A high mA x-ray machine is generally
recommended to allow for shorter exposure
times.
Maximum kVp is less important for avian and
exotic radiography than for domestic animal
radiography.
► Exposure
Factors
Not usually measured with caliper.
Exposure factors are chosen according to the
species and general size of the patient.
Even with the same thickness, birds require less
exposure than reptiles.
► Patient
Restraint
3 types of restraint are used for avian and exotic
patients during radiography.
► 1.
Manual
Physically holding of the animal
► 2.
Physical
Involves the use of devices to aid in restraint.
Should only be used in animals that are not prone to self-trauma
► 3.
Chemical
Sedation
Head and torso are restrained first, then the wings, and
the legs last.
Avian Radiography
►
Whole Body Ventrodorsal View
Positioned on back.
Physical restraint is preferred.
►
Whole-Body Lateral View
Placed in right lateral recumbency with wings pulled back.
►
Wing-Caudocranial View
Manual positioning is required due to awkward position of the
patient.
Bird is held upside down and body is perpendicular to the cassette.
►
Gastrointestinal Contrast Study
Same general principles as those found in companion animals.
Rodent Radiography
► Whole-Body
Dorsoventral View
Can be placed in a positioning device
Can secure to cassette with tape
In rabbits and guinea pigs can be positioned the
same as a small domestic animal.
► Whole-Body
Lateral View
Same as dorsoventral or that of a companion
animal.
Reptile radiography
► Turtle
Whole-body dorsoventral view
► Turtle
is turned on the back and then returned to ventral side.
Turtle will naturally extend legs and this is when exposure
should be taken.
► Minimal restraint is required.
► View should include entire body.
Whole-body lateral view
► Turtle
is placed on side and attached to wood or plastic rack.
Whole-body craniocaudal view
► X-ray
beam is through front of turtle
►
Lizard
Whole-body dorsoventral view
► Can
be secured with tape with minimal restraint.
► X-ray beam is directed vertically through the back of the patient.
Whole body lateral view
► Placed
►
in right lateral recumbency against the cassette.
Snake
Whole-body dorsoventral View
► Can
be placed in cardboard or radiolucent plastic box.
► Can be placed in long radiolucent plastic tube with ends plugged.
► If radiographing in segments, then make sure to label the segments.
Whole-body lateral view
► Can
use physical or manual restraint
Fish Radiography
► Dorsoventral
and Lateral Whole-Body view
Can be challenging because need water to
breathe.
Can be placed in plastic bag and then placed on
top of cassette.