Ch. 3 PowerPoint Part I
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Transcript Ch. 3 PowerPoint Part I
Unit 2: Colonial America
Chapter 3: Founding the English
Mainland Colonies 1585-1732
Why Migrate to America?
England’s First Attempt at
Colonization - Roanoke
Sir Walter Raleigh Roanoke Island (1585, then
1587) off the coast of NC
Settlement failed for
unknown reasons
Four Distinct Regions
Settling the Chesapeake – VA & MD
Joint-stock companies were
used to finance trips to the
New World
Purpose - make money
Plymouth Company - failed
Virginia Company (London
Company)
Virginia
Jamestown - The First Settlement
Three ships set sail from England Dec. 1606
Settled at Jamestown (in honor of King James I) on May
24, 1607
Jamestown – The First Settlement
Jamestown - The First Settlement
Easy to defend but mosquito-infested & very
unhealthy
Settlers died by the dozens from disease,
malnutrition, & starvation
Spent time looking for gold instead of hunting or
farming
Jamestown – High Mortality Rates
The “Starving Time”
1607: 104 colonists
By spring, 1608: 38 survived
1609: 300 more immigrants
By spring, 1610: 60 survived
1610 – 1624: 10,000
immigrants
1624 population: 1,200
Adult life expectancy: 40 years
Death of children before age 5: 80%
Jamestown - The First Settlement
Captain John Smith took over the
settlement in 1608 & helped
make it successful
“no work, no food” policy
Discipline & order collapsed
after he left in 1609
The Powhatan Confederacy
Dominated small
tribes in the James
River area when the
English arrived
The Powhatan Confederacy
Two groups cooperated at first, but the English
exhibited a sense of superiority & entitlement that
alienated the confederacy
Relations grew worse - English raided Indian food
supplies during the starving times
War in the Chesapeake
1610-1614 - First Anglo-Powhatan War
1614-1622 - Peace
1622-1644 - Periodic attacks between Indians &
settlers
War in the Chesapeake
Powhatan Uprising of 1622
Indians attacked the English, killing 347
1644-1646 - Second Anglo-Powhatan War
Last effort of natives to defeat the English
Indians defeated again
War in the Chesapeake
Peace Treaty of 1646
Removed the Powhatans from their original land
Formally separated the Indian & English
settlement areas
English considered the Powhatan peoples extinct by
1685
Tobacco
Tobacco saved the colony!
Englishmen were a steady
market for this “brown gold”
Tobacco
Young planter named John
Rolfe transplanted a milder
strain of West Indies tobacco
to the colony (1612)
Tobacco
1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of
tobacco.
1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of
its colonists in an Indian attack,
Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of
tobacco.
1627 — Virginia produces
500,000 pounds
of tobacco.
1629 — Virginia produces
1,500,000 pounds
of tobacco.
Tobacco
Played a vital role to putting VA on firm, economic
footing
Lives revolved around tobacco
Quickly exhausted the soil
Growing tobacco required much land, thereby
promoting the plantation system
Increased demand for more land & cheap labor
Indentured Servitude
V.C. set up the head right system
Granted each male colonist 50
acres of land for each settler he
brought to VA
Poor immigrants came to the New
World & worked for several years
Indentured Servitude
Indenture Contract
4-7 years
Promised “freedom dues”
Forbidden to marry
Life was short & brutal
Frustrated Freemen - Bacon’s Rebellion
Late 1600s - large number of young, poor,
discontented men in the Chesapeake area
Little access to land
Few women to marry
1670 The Virginia Assembly disenfranchised most
landless men
Frustrated Freemen - Bacon’s Rebellion
1676 - 1,000 Virginians, led by
planter Nathaniel Bacon, revolted
Gov. of VA, William Berkeley,
wouldn’t do anything about the
Indian attacks on frontier
settlements
Berkeley monopolized the fur
trade with the Indians
Nathaniel
Bacon
Governor
William
Berkeley
Frustrated Freemen - Bacon’s Rebellion
Rebels attacked Indians, drove Berkeley from Jamestown,
& burned the capital
Bacon suddenly died of disease & Berkeley put down the
rebellion
Frustrated Freemen - Bacon’s Rebellion
Results
Exposed the unhappiness of landless former
servants
Pitted poor, backcountry frontiersmen against
the plantation owners (gentry)
Planters searched for laborers less likely to rebel
- black slaves!
House of Burgesses
Small measure of self-govt.
began in 1619 with the first
meeting of the House of
Burgesses
Royal Governor appointed a
council consisting of 6
leading planters
15 members were elected
by the colony
House of Burgesses
1624 James I revoked the charter of the bankrupt V.C.
VA became a royal colony under the king’s direct
control
Powers of the H of B were restricted