Transcript Class Notes on Chapter 3 -

Chapter 2
The Planting of English
America
England Plants the Jamestown Seedling
• 1606 – Joint-stock company called the
Virginia Company provided the financial
means to support a settlement
–Charter stated that the members
could bring Christianity to the natives,
explore for precious metals, trade
with the natives and to look for the
Northwest Passage
England Plants the Jamestown Seedling
(Real reason: Economic gain.)
• Owners advertised to those seeking
adventure
• 3 ships sailed (La Niña, La Pinta, and Santa Maria? )
• 1607 – Jamestown Settlement
established
Jamestown
Settlement, 1609
Jamestown Fort, 1609
Jamestown Settlement
Jamestown Settlement
Jamestown Housing
Jamestown Chapel, 1611
English Migration: 1610-1660
Head Right System
Problems at Jamestown
• Gentlemen = Only 12 were skilled laborers
• Wasted time looking for gold
• Didn’t plant crops resulting in a food
shortage led to “The Starving Time” –
Winter of 1609-1610
• Caught malaria – swampy location
• 2/3rds died
• Weather
• Only men
• Lack of leadership
Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake
• Poor relationship with local tribes
because Europeans considered Indians to
be heathens who were the inferior
beings
Powhatan Confederacy
Powhatan
Indian Village
Native American Population
in North America
1622 Indian
Uprisings
Virginia: Child of Tobacco
Solutions of Jamestown:
• John Smith became leader
• “He who shall not work shall not eat.”
• Developed good relationship with Powhatan
as mentioned in his journal entitled The
Generall Historie of Virginia
Captain John Smith
Who is Pocahontas?
The Pocahontas Connection
• Saved Captain John Smith (story might be a
myth)
• She was kidnapped, held as ransom in
exchange for English prisoners
• Converted to Christianity, renamed
“Rebecca”
• While a hostage she Married John Rolfe
• Sailed to England
• Went to the Banqueting Hall where the she
met Queen Anne, wife of James I
John Rolfe
Banqueting Hall
Pocahontas
Pocahontas boards a ship for Virginia
• On her way back to
Virginia she boards
a ship and dies of
smallpox.
• St. George’s Church
in Gravesend,
England.
Jamestown Colonization Pattern:
1620-1660
Early Colonial Tobacco
1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of
tobacco.
1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of
its colonists in an Indian attack,
Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of
tobacco.
1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds
of tobacco.
1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds
of tobacco.
Why was 1619 a pivotal
year for the Chesapeake
settlement?
(Possible FRQ)
Virginia: Child of Tobacco
• John Rolfe developed a cash crop -- tobacco
• 1619 – large influx of supplies, slaves, and women
from England
• Poor women agreed to be auctioned in marriage for
$80 of tobacco once they arrived at Jamestown =
“Tobacco Brides”
• Virginia House of Burgesses established (form of
parliament/government)
• Colonists could own private property
Virginia
House of Burgesses
Tobacco
• Tobacco required
more land so
Chesapeake
region expanded
faster than New
England
17c Population in the Chesapeake
Population of Chesapeake
Colonies: 1610-1750
Colonization of Maryland
George Calvert,
Lord Baltimore
Maryland: Catholic Haven
• 2nd Lord Baltimore = Cecil Calvert (son of
George Calvert)
• Proprietary Colony (Had an owner)
• Religious tolerance = Refuge for Catholics
• Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 was the
earliest colonial law related to religious
freedom
The West Indies: Way Station to
Mainland America
• Slavery = A cheap labor force was needed that
wouldn’t rebel
• Barbados set the stage for statutes governing
slaves in North America
• The Dutch sold he first slaves in Jamestown in
1619
Settling the Lower South
Port of Charles Town, SC
The only southern port city.
Southern Colonies added…
• Eight men asked Charles II for a proprietary
colony
• The Carolinas were formed with Charles Town
as the capital
• Eventually it became North and South
Carolina
• Also known as “The Restoration Colonies”
– Colonization was interrupted by the Civil War in England
in the 1640’s, therefore, the time period after the war
when Charles II was restored to the throne was called the
Restoration Period) you member from last year.
Colonizing the Carolinas
• 8 proprietors chosen by Charles II would run
the colonies
• Exported rice and Indian slaves
• Formed North and South Carolina
Crops of the
Carolinas
Rice
Indigo
Rice & Indigo Exports
from SC & GA: 1698-1775
Late-Coming Georgia: The Buffer
Colony
• James Oglethorpe established
• Haven for people imprisoned for debt
• Acted as a buffer between Spanish Florida and
the Carolinas
The Last Southern Colony was Georgia
• Religion was NOT the reason it was founded
• Provided a refuge for people who couldn’t pay their
debts (bills)
• Emptied out the debtor prisons in England
• Also acted as a buffer between South Carolina and
Spanish Florida
James Oglethorpe made friends with
the Creek Indians
League of the Iroquois
Iroquois Lands & European Trade Centers
The Iroquois
• Were the only Native Americans who were
able to unite and become strong enough to
resist the English colonists successfully
• Known as the League of the Iroquois
• Also known as the Iroquois Confederacy