Transcript Behavior Analysis

Behavioral Interviewing
Techniques
Chapter 6
Behavioral Interviewing &
Interrogation
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Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
The approach is
based on the theories
of communications
and learning which
influence unintended
communications that
can be observed by
the astute interviewer
It involves the
application of
communication
theory and patterns
of behavior to guide
the process
6-2
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Kinesics
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A form of nonverbal
communication
known as body
language
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Learning styles
affect the
behavioral
kinesic behavior
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Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
Visual
Auditory
Kinesthetic
6-3
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Neuro-linguistic
Programming
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Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
“Neuro” refers to the
brain
 Behavior originates
from the five senses
“linguistics” the way that
we communicate both
verbally and nonverbally
“Programming” refers to
the unique way that
humans manipulate the
signals and convert
them into useful
information
6-4
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Culture and Expression
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Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
The way in which
feelings and
emotions are
expressed
through facial
expression is
dictated by
culture
6-5
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Behavioral
indicators must
be used with
caution to avoid
misinterpretations
when the
interviewee is not
from a similar
cultural
background to the
interviewer
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Gender and Expression
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
Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
Non-verbal
communications
are also affected
by gender
Interpretation and
use of facial
expressions may
be different
among men
versus women
6-6
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Men appear to
use different nonverbal
communication
styles when
speaking with
other men vs.
women
Women may
smile more
frequently then
men
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Facial Expression
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Five universal
expressions are
controlled by the
autonomic
nervous system
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Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
Anger, fear,
disgust,
sadness, and
enjoyment
6-7
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Body Posture
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Body positions make
a statement about
the individual or send
signals about the way
that they think of
themselves
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Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
6-8
Truthful postures:
 Open and relaxed
posture
 Upright in chair
Deceptive postures:
 Toilet position
 Slouching
 Rigid posture
Stressed postures:
 Rubbing of hands
 Hair twirling
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Eye Movement
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Everyone
processes in all
three modes but
often develops a
dominant
sensatory mode
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Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
Visual
Auditory
Kinesthetic
6-9
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Establish a
baseline for the
subject
Watch the
direction of the
subject’s eyes
in response to
visual, auditory,
or kinesthetic
terms during a
rapport building
phase
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Visual Right Handed Person:
Eye Accessing Cues
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2.
3.
Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
Eyes straight ahead
& defocused –
probably
remembered/recall
Eyes up and left –
recall things the
person has seen
before
Eyes up and right –
things the person
creates in the mind,
the image is new
6-10
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Auditory Right Handed Person:
Eye Accessing Cues

Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
You will notice
that he often
access to
auditory mental
representations
by looking side to
side when
speaking or
thinking about
things.
6-11
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Kinesthetic Right Handed Person:
Eye Accessing Cues
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Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
Often look down when
they are talking
Eyes down and right –
touch, feelings, tactile
sensations, muscle
movements, emotions
Eyes sideways and
right – auditory
construct/create
Eyes sideways and left
– person
remembers/recall
Eyes down and left –
auditory digital or selftalk
6-12
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Sensatory Verbal
Communication
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Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
People tend to
speak in the
same sensatory
manner to which
they learn
6-13
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Mirroring the sensatory
language
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Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
Mirroring occurs
when the interviewer
uses the same
sensatory language
as the interviewee to
establish rapport or
to facilitate
communication
6-14
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Examples of
sensatory victim
statements can be:
"I heard him coming
through the door." or
"I heard a noise."
The interviewer
responds by
mirroring. For
example: “I hear
what you are
saying."
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Shifting the sensatory
language
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Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
Shifting is when
the interviewer
uses the same
sensatory
language to ask a
question and to
move the subject
into the area
under
investigation
6-15
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Examples of
sensatory victim
statements can be: "I
heard him coming
through the door." or
"I heard a noise.“
The interviewer
responds by shifting.
For example: “What
did that sound like?"
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Sense Shifting the
sensatory language
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Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
To attempt
shifting the
interview from
one sense of
relating to
another sense,
new terms are
incorporated into
the investigator’s
questions
6-16
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For example: The
victim who states
“it was awful, I
can still feel his
hands on me”
The interviewer
shifts the sense
by saying, “What
did you see when
you felt his
hands?”
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Visual Thought
Process Persons
Characteristics of
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The majority of the population are
visual processors.
The principal values of the visual
modality are dynamism and
perfection.

Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
Hand and arms moving near their
neck level when they are talking is
common
6-17
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Verbal Examples of the
Visual Thought Process
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Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
Do I have to draw you a picture?
I don’t see why I am here, you are
looking at the wrong guy!
Look at it this way.
I see what you mean!
6-18
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Auditory
Thought Process Persons
Characteristics of
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Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
Approximately 20% of the population are
auditory.
They are impacted by what they hear.
They are the great speakers, singers,
and musicians.
They tend to speak moderately and
rhythmically. Moderate your vocal rate
and breathe deeply to communicate with
this personality.
6-19
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Verbal Examples of the
Auditory Thought Process
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
Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
I hear what you are saying
Listen to this!
Tell me what you mean!
Aren’t you listening to me?
6-20
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Kinesthetic
Thought Process Persons
Characteristics of
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
Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
A small percentage of the population
They feel what they are thinking
Impacted by emotions and feelings, not
necessarily facts or charts
Note if their gaze is frequently down and
their breathing is slow and deep. Slow
down and be particularly calm to
communicate with this personality.
6-21
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Verbal Examples of the
Kinesthetic Thought Process
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
Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
I feel your pain.
I know what you are going though,
how you feel.
How can you not feel it?
I feel just terrible!
6-22
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Detecting Deceit
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
Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
No gesture, facial
express, or
muscle twitch by
itself means a
person is lying
The polygraph
only measures
arousal of
emotion, not
which emotion is
felt
6-23
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Physiological Changes

Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
To detect
deceit look for
physiological
changes which
are difficult to
control!
6-24
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Examples include
changes in skin
color, voice tone,
speech pattern,
dry mouth,
cracking or voice
or changes in the
breathing rate
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Qualifiers

Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
Qualifier is a word
that modifies or
limits the
meaning of the
phrase
6-25
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For example:
using “it” to refer
to victim or
perpetrator
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Used to soften
the image,
lessen guilt, or
describe an
imaginary
situation
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Hedging

Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
Hedging is a
lack of
commitment
to the
statement
6-26
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For example:
“I think …”
 “uh”
 “ya know”
 stuttering
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PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Manipulators
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
Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
Manipulators are
movements that
may indicate
discomfort or
relaxation and
vary according to
the stakes
involved.
They are poor
indicators of
deceit!
6-27
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Don’t rely on
these to
determine deceit!
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Most people
associate lying
with ‘shifty eyes’
and fidgeting
behavior.
Lip biting and lip
sucking
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
To Detect Deceit
Make comparisons between suspect’s
usual behavior and when under
suspicion
 The person may feel and exhibit an
emotion about being suspected of
lying
 Discount the sign of the emotion as a
clue to deceit if suspect is likely to
have the feeling when truthful
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Smart Talk:
Contemporary Interviewing and Interrogation
By Denise Kindschi Gosselin
6-28
PRENTICE HALL
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458