Transcript 虚拟语气

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用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发
生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议、假设的语气叫
虚拟语气。
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(一)if主从句中的虚拟语气
【完成例句】
(1)如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。
If I were you, I should accept the invitation.
(2)如果我有空，我就去那儿。
If I had time, I would go there.
【结论1】
条 件 与 现 从句谓语用一般过去时(be多用were)
在 事 实 相 主句谓语用 would / should / could /
反
might＋动词原形
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【完成例句】
(3)如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。
If you had come earlier, you couldn't / wouldn't have
missed the bus.
(4)如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。
If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned
your book.
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【结论2】
条件与过去 从句谓语用had done
事实相反
主句谓语用would / should / could /
might＋have done
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【完成例句】
(5)万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。(事实上明天下
雨的可能性不大。)
If it should rain / were to rain / rained tomorrow, the
sports meet would be put off.
(6)万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。
If you dropped / should drop / were to drop the glass,
it would break.
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【结论3】
从句谓语用一般过去时(be多用were)
条件与将来 或should ＋动词原形 / were to do
事实相反
主句谓语用would / should / could /
might＋动词原形
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【疑难1】
含蓄虚拟句(即含有without / but for, otherwise
/ or等词的句子)
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【例句观察】
Human beings would die without water. (＝Human
beings would die if there were no water. )
I couldn't have succeeded but for your help. (＝I
couldn't have succeeded if you hadn't helped me. )
I had no money then. Otherwise I would have bought
that book.
(＝If I had had money then, I would have bought that
book. )
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【疑难剖析1】含有without / but for，otherwise /
or等词的句子谓语结构等同于if主从句中主句的谓
语结构。
与现在或将来事实相 would / should / could /
反
might＋动词原形
would / should / could /
与过去事实相反
might＋have done
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【疑难2】
含有had，should，were这三个词的虚拟条件
状语从句
Had they had time(＝If they had had time)，
they would have certainly come to help us.
Should it be fine(＝If it should be fine)，we
would go for an outing.
Were I you(＝If I were you), I would go.
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【疑难剖析2】含有had，should，were这三个词
的虚拟条件状语从句，在正式或书面语言中可将
if省略，把had，should，were 提前放到句首，变
为部分倒装。
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【疑难3】
if混合虚拟条件从句(即主从句分别与不同的
事实相反)
If the weather had been finer, the crops would be
growing still better.
If you had followed the teacher's advice, you
wouldn't be in hospital.
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【疑难剖析3】if假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时
间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条
件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设
的时间而定。
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(二)用虚拟语气，从句中谓语时态相应推后(即用
相应的过去时态)的五种句型
【完成例句】
(7)他多么希望自己是只鸟。
How he wishes that he were a bird.
(8)我希望昨晚看了那部电影了。
I wish I had seen the film last night.
(9)我们希望有一天能住在月球上。
We wish we would live on the moon one day.
【结论1】在动词wish引导的宾语从句中， 表示不
太可能实现的愿望，从句必须使用虚拟语气。
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表示愿望与现在事实 从 句 用 一 般 过 去 时
相反
(did或were)
表示愿望与过去事实 从 句 用 过 去 完 成 时
(had done)
相反
表示愿望实现的可能 从 句 常 用 could /
性很小
might / would ＋do
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【完成例句】
(10)我宁可你现在不在我身边。
I would rather you were not here with me now.
(11)我宁可你没做过那件事。
I would rather you hadn't done that.
【结论2】would rather / prefer ＋ that－从句(从句
用虚拟语气)
表示愿望与现在事实相反
表示愿望与过去事实相反
从句用一般过去时
从句用过去完成时
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【完成例句】
(12)她英语说得好像她就是纽约本地人一样。
She speaks English as though she were a native of
New York.
【结论3】as if / though ＋ 从句中谓语用相应的过
去时态(等同于wish从句用法)。
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【完成例句】
(13)要是你没告诉我那个消息就好了。
If only you hadn't told me the news.
【结论4】if only (要是……就好了)，句中谓语用
相应的过去时态(等同于wish从句用法)。
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【完成例句】
(14)我本来可以帮你忙的，即使我当时很忙。
Even though I had been very busy then, I would
have helped you.
(15)即使我现在能跑，我也不会那样做。
Even if I might run, I wouldn't do that.
【结论5】even if / though 从句中的虚拟
与现在事实相反
与过去事实相反
用should＋动词原形
用had done
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(三)从句中所用的虚拟语气结构为should ＋动
词原形，should可以省略。
【例句观察】
The doctor suggests I (should) exercise every day.
医生建议我每天做运动。(宾语从句)
It is suggested that I (should) exercise every day.
我被建议每天做运动。(主语从句)
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The doctor's suggestion is that I (should)
exercise every day. 医生给我的建议是每天做运动。
(表语从句)
The doctor's suggestion that I (should) exercise
every day sounds reasonable. 医生要我每天做运
动的建议听起来挺合理的。(同位语从句)
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【结论1】名词性从句中，表示“建议，命令，要
求”等意义时，名词性从句用(should)＋ 动词原
形。
一个坚持：insist
两 个 命 令 ： order, command ( 名 词 是 order,
recommendation)
三个建议：advise, suggest，propose(名词是
advice, suggestion, proposal)
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四个要求：demand, require, request, desire(名
词是demand, requirement, request, desire)
注意：1. suggest 意为“表明，暗示”时，不
用虚拟语气；
如：His face suggested that he was very sad.
2. insist意为“坚持认为，坚持说”时，不
用虚拟语气；
如：The man insisted my little brother was a
thief.
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【例句观察】
我们应该掌握电脑知识，这是很重要的。
It is important that we (should) have a good
knowledge of computer science.
你居然没参加会议，真是可惜。
It is a pity that you (should) be absent from the
meeting.
他竟然是名医生，我们很惊讶。
We are surprised that he (should) be a doctor.
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【结论2】虚拟语气用在“It's＋形容词 / 名词＋
that…”这类句型中，表示说话人“强烈”的感情色
彩，此时，从句用should ＋动词原形 / should ＋
have done (表示动作在过去已经发生)，should 可译
为“应该；居然，竟然”。should 可以省略。
①It is important / necessary / strange / surprising
/ funny / natural ＋ that－从句
②It is a pity / a shame / an honour / no wonder
that－从句
③主语 ＋ be ＋ sorry / disappointed / surprised
＋ that－从句
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【例句观察】
以防错过第一班车，我们一大早就起床了。
①We got up early for fear that we should miss the
first bus.
②We got up early lest that we should miss the first
bus.
【结论3】在in case, for fear (that), lest等引导的状
语从句中，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”。
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(四)几种特殊用法
1. 某些简单句的固定句型
Heaven help him!
God bless you!
May you succeed!
Long live the People's Republic of China!
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2. 某些固定的词组和句型
①was / were supposed to have done 理应做……
②was / were to have done 本计划做……
③had thought / believed…， but…本以为……
④had planned / intended…，but…本计划……，本
打算……
⑤had wished / hoped…，but…本希望……
⑥It's (about / high)time that－从句，某人该做某事
了
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