Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach, 8/e

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Transcript Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach, 8/e

SOCIOLOGY

A Down-to-Earth Approach 8/e

James M. Henslin

Chapter Ten: Social Class in the United States

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Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States

What is Social Class?

Social Class… Poor and Rich

Conflict view’s problem?

Those who own the means of production and those who do not

More then just your relationship to production

3 Elements separate people according to Weber

Wealth , Power, and Prestige

Wealth

  

Distinction Between Wealth and Income Wealth - What you own minus your debts Income – Money received, usually from a job Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 2

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States 3

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Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States

What is Social Class?

What is income inequality then?

How does this impact us on our daily lives?

What is the impact of figure 10.3

Eastern University Example – Poverty in Latin America

Power – The ability to carry out your will, even over the resistance of others

C. Wright Mills – The Power Elite – those who make the nations major decisions

How Powerful are these elite? William Domhoff says, “No major decision in the country is made without consulting this group.” Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 6

Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States

Prestige

Occupations and Prestige

They Pay More

They Require More Education

They Entail More Abstract Thought

They Offer Greater Autonomy Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 7

Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States

Status Inconsistency

Ordinarily Wealth, Power, and Prestige are Similar

When they Don’t Match Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 8

Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States

Sociological Models of Social Class

Updating Marx

Capitalists

Petty Bourgeoisie

Managers

Workers Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 9

Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States

Sociological Models of Social Class

Updating Weber

Capitalist Class

The Upper Middle Class

The Lower Middle Class

The Working Class

The Working Poor

The Underclass Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 10

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Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States

Social Class in the Auto Industry - Ford

The Fords - Capitalist Class

Ford Executives - Lower Capitalist Class

Owner Ford Dealership - Upper Middle

Ford Salesperson - Lower Middle Class

Ford Mechanics - Working Class

Ford Detailer - Working Poor

Car Lot Cleaner - Underclass Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 12

Consequences of Social Class

Physical Health Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States

Mental Health Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 13

Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States

Consequences of Social Class

Family Life

Choices of Husbands and Wives

Divorce

Child Rearing Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 14

Consequences of Social Class

Education

Religion

Politics Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 15

Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States

Consequences of Social Class

Crime and the Judicial System

Social Class and the Changing Economy Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 16

Social Mobility

Three Types

Intergenerational

Upward

Downward

Structural

Exchange Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States 17

Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States

Social Mobility

Women and Social Mobility

Studies of Boys Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

More Recent Studies with Girls 18

Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States

Interpreting Statistics on Social Mobility

Apple Doesn’t Fall Far From Tree

The Pain of Social Mobility Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 19

Poverty

Who are Poor?

Drawing the Poverty Line

Geography Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 20

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Poverty

Who are Poor?

Drawing the Poverty Line

Geography

Race-Ethnicity Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States 22

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Poverty

Who are Poor?

Drawing the Poverty Line

Geography

Race-Ethnicity

Education Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States 24

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Poverty

Who are Poor?

Feminization of Poverty

Old Age

Children of Poverty Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States 26

Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States

Myths About the Poor

Most are Lazy

Poor are Trapped and Few Escape

Most are Latino and African-American Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 27

Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States

Myths About the Poor

Most are Single Mothers and Kids

Most Live in Inner City

Most are on Welfare Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 28

Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States

Dynamics of Poverty

Culture of Poverty

Most Poverty is Short-lived Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 29

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Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States

Dynamics of Poverty

Culture of Poverty

Most Poverty is Short Lived

Number of Poor Relatively Stable

The people who move out are being replaced people moving into poverty

Most will move out within one year

Some bounce back and forth for their entire life

Poverty than is dynamic, touching a lot more people than the official totals indicate

Although only 12% are poor at any given time, twice that number, almost 25%, has been poor at any give time. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 31

Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States

Why are People Poor?

Social Structure

Features of our society that deny some people access

Some find escape routes out to be locked

Race, age, gender, changes in the job market, and poor paying jobs.

Characteristics of individuals

Dropping out of school

Having children in the teen years

Having many more children than those in other social classes Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 32

Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States

Poverty

Welfare Reform

Welfare Restructured in 1996

Deferred Gratification – forgoing something in the present in hope of achieving greater gains in the future

Hard to practice these principles if you have never had them

Emergencies

Immediate Gratification

Behaviors of the poor are not a cause of poverty but a result of poverty

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Poverty

Where is Horatio Alger?

Social Functions of a Myth Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 34