Transcript Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach, 8/e
SOCIOLOGY
A Down-to-Earth Approach 8/e
James M. Henslin
Chapter Ten: Social Class in the United States
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Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States
What is Social Class?
Social Class… Poor and Rich
Conflict view’s problem?
Those who own the means of production and those who do not
More then just your relationship to production
3 Elements separate people according to Weber
Wealth , Power, and Prestige
Wealth
Distinction Between Wealth and Income Wealth - What you own minus your debts Income – Money received, usually from a job Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 2
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Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States
What is Social Class?
What is income inequality then?
How does this impact us on our daily lives?
What is the impact of figure 10.3
Eastern University Example – Poverty in Latin America
Power – The ability to carry out your will, even over the resistance of others
C. Wright Mills – The Power Elite – those who make the nations major decisions
How Powerful are these elite? William Domhoff says, “No major decision in the country is made without consulting this group.” Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 6
Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States
Prestige
Occupations and Prestige
They Pay More
They Require More Education
They Entail More Abstract Thought
They Offer Greater Autonomy Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 7
Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States
Status Inconsistency
Ordinarily Wealth, Power, and Prestige are Similar
When they Don’t Match Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 8
Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States
Sociological Models of Social Class
Updating Marx
Capitalists
Petty Bourgeoisie
Managers
Workers Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 9
Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States
Sociological Models of Social Class
Updating Weber
Capitalist Class
The Upper Middle Class
The Lower Middle Class
The Working Class
The Working Poor
The Underclass Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 10
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Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States
Social Class in the Auto Industry - Ford
The Fords - Capitalist Class
Ford Executives - Lower Capitalist Class
Owner Ford Dealership - Upper Middle
Ford Salesperson - Lower Middle Class
Ford Mechanics - Working Class
Ford Detailer - Working Poor
Car Lot Cleaner - Underclass Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 12
Consequences of Social Class
Physical Health Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States
Mental Health Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 13
Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States
Consequences of Social Class
Family Life
Choices of Husbands and Wives
Divorce
Child Rearing Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 14
Consequences of Social Class
Education
Religion
Politics Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 15
Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States
Consequences of Social Class
Crime and the Judicial System
Social Class and the Changing Economy Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 16
Social Mobility
Three Types
Intergenerational
Upward
Downward
Structural
Exchange Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States 17
Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States
Social Mobility
Women and Social Mobility
Studies of Boys Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
More Recent Studies with Girls 18
Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States
Interpreting Statistics on Social Mobility
Apple Doesn’t Fall Far From Tree
The Pain of Social Mobility Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 19
Poverty
Who are Poor?
Drawing the Poverty Line
Geography Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 20
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Poverty
Who are Poor?
Drawing the Poverty Line
Geography
Race-Ethnicity Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States 22
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Poverty
Who are Poor?
Drawing the Poverty Line
Geography
Race-Ethnicity
Education Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States 24
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Poverty
Who are Poor?
Feminization of Poverty
Old Age
Children of Poverty Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States 26
Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States
Myths About the Poor
Most are Lazy
Poor are Trapped and Few Escape
Most are Latino and African-American Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 27
Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States
Myths About the Poor
Most are Single Mothers and Kids
Most Live in Inner City
Most are on Welfare Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 28
Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States
Dynamics of Poverty
Culture of Poverty
Most Poverty is Short-lived Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 29
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Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States
Dynamics of Poverty
Culture of Poverty
Most Poverty is Short Lived
Number of Poor Relatively Stable
The people who move out are being replaced people moving into poverty
Most will move out within one year
Some bounce back and forth for their entire life
Poverty than is dynamic, touching a lot more people than the official totals indicate
Although only 12% are poor at any given time, twice that number, almost 25%, has been poor at any give time. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 31
Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States
Why are People Poor?
Social Structure
Features of our society that deny some people access
Some find escape routes out to be locked
Race, age, gender, changes in the job market, and poor paying jobs.
Characteristics of individuals
Dropping out of school
Having children in the teen years
Having many more children than those in other social classes Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 32
Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States
Poverty
Welfare Reform
Welfare Restructured in 1996
Deferred Gratification – forgoing something in the present in hope of achieving greater gains in the future
Hard to practice these principles if you have never had them
Emergencies
Immediate Gratification
Behaviors of the poor are not a cause of poverty but a result of poverty
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Poverty
Where is Horatio Alger?
Social Functions of a Myth Chapter 10: Social Class in the United States Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 34