Transcript Reaksi Senyawa Hidrokarkon

Reaksi senyawa hidrokarbon
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Reaksi
Reaksi
Reaksi
Reaksi
Reaksi
oksidasi
substitusi
adisi
eliminasi
polimerisasi
1. Reaksi pembakaran / Reaksi oksidasi
CH3-CH3 +
3/2
CH2=CH2 +
2
O2 → 2C + 3H2O
O2 → 2C + 2H2O
CH≡CH + 1/2 O2 → 2C + H2O
CH3-CH3 +
7/2
CH2=CH2 +
3
O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O
O2 → 2CO2 + 2H2O
CH≡CH + 5/2 O2 → 2CO2 + H2O
2. Reaksi substitusi pada alkana
CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl
CH3-CH3 +Cl2 → CH3-CH2Cl + HCl
CH3-CH2-CH3 + Cl2 → CH3-CH2-CH2Cl + HCl
CnH2n+2 + X2 → CnH2n+1X + HX
3. Reaksi adisi pada Alkena dan Alkuna
a. Adisi hidrogen
CH2= CH2 + H2
Ni/Pt
CH2=CH-CH3 + H2
Ni/Pt
CH≡CH + H2
CH≡CH + 2H2
CH3-CH3
CH3-CH2-CH3
Ni/Pt
Ni/Pt 200˚c
CH2=CH2
CH3-CH3
b. Adisi halogen
CH2=CH2 + Br2 → CH2BR-CH2Br
etena
dibromoetana
CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + Cl2 → CH3-CHCl-CHCl-CH3
2-butena
2,3-diklorobutana
CH≡CH + Br2 → CHBr=CHBr
etuna
dibromoetena
CH≡ CH+ 2Br2 → CHBr2-CHBr2
etuna
tetrabromoetana
CH≡C-CH3 + Br2 → CHBr=CBr-CH3
propuna
1,2-dibromopropena
CH≡C-CH3 + 2Br2 → CHBr2-CBr2-CH3
propuna
1,2-tetrabromopropana
c. Adisi asam halida
Alkena simetris
CH2=CH2 + HCl → CH3-CH2Cl
etena
kloroetana
CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + HCl → CH3-CH2-CHCl-CH3
2-butena
2-klorobutana
CH≡CH + HCl → CH2=CHCl
etuna
kloroetena
(vinilklorida)
CH3-C≡C-CH3 + HCl → CH3-CH=CCl-CH3
2-butuna
2-kloro-2butena
Aturan markovnikov untuk alkena tak simetris
CH3-CH=CH2 + HCl
→ CH3-CH2-CH2Cl
% <<<<<
→ CH3-CHCl-CH3
% >>>>>
CH3-CH= CH-CH2 -CH3 +
HCl → CH3-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CH3
% <<<<<
→ CH3-CHCl-CH2-CH2-CH3
% >>>>>
d. Adisi air pada alkena dan alkuna
CH2=CH2 + H2O
etena
H2SO4 300˚C 70 Atm
CH≡CH + H2O
etuna
CH3-CH2OH
etanol
H2SO4 60˚C
CH3-CHO
etanal
4. Reaksi eliminasi alkana
CH3-CH3
C3H8
panas
panas
CH2=CH2 + H2
CH2=CH2 + CH4
5. Reaksi polimerisasi alkena dan alkuna
CH2=CH2 + CH2=CH2 + CH2=CH2 +…… → -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2etena
polietena
CH2=CHCl + CH2=CHCl + CH2=CHCl +…… → -CH2-CHCl-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CHClkloroetena ( vinilklorida)
polivinilklorida
Substitusi halogen pada alkana
CH3-CH2-CH3 + Cl2 → CH3-CH2-CH2Cl + HCl
propana
kloropropana
Adisi halogen & hidrogen pada alkena dan alkuna
CH3-CH2=CH2-CH3 + Cl2 → CH3CH2Cl-CH2Cl-CH3
etena
2,3-diklorobutana
CH3-C≡C-CH3 + H2 → CH3-CH=CH-CH3
2-butuna
2-butena
CH3-C≡C-CH3 + 2 H2 → CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
2-butuna
butana
Adisi asam halida pada alkena
CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 + HCl → CH3-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CH2-CH3
3-heksena
3-kloroheksana
=
CH3-CH2-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CH3
3-kloroheksana
CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 + HCl → CH3-CHCl-CH2-CH2-CH3
2-pentena
2-kloropentena
CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 + HCl → CH3-CHCl-CH2-CH3
1-butena
2-klorobutena
Uji diri
Tuliskan hasil reaksi
Adisi HCl pada 2-metil-1-butena
Adisi HCl pada 4-etil-2-heksena